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AP Language Cumulative Vocabulary Flashcards

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6649557659GUISEgeneral external appearance0
6649557660SEMBLANCEan assumed or unreal appearance1
6649557661DISPARAGEto speak of or treat slightingly2
6649557662PROSCRIBEto denounce or condemn (a thing) as dangerous or harmful; banish exile3
6649557663ENCAPSULATEto summarize or condense4
6649557664APHORISMa short pithy instructive saying5
6649557665SINE QUA NONan indispensable condition, element, or factor6
6649557666QUINTESSENTIALof the pure and essential essence of something; representing the perfect example of a class or quality7
6649557667ILLUSORYcausing illusion; deceptive; misleading8
6649557668DISPARATEfundamentally different or distinct in quality or kind9
6649557669VINDICATEto clear of accusation, blame, suspicion, or doubt with supporting proof10
6649557670APLOMBconfidence and composure under strain without arrogance11
6649557671AUSPICIOUSpromising success; favorable12
6649557672APODICTICincontestable because of having been proved13
6649557673UNTENABLEincapable of being defended or justified14
6649557674DISSENTto differ in sentiment from the majority15
6649557675UBIQUITOUSbeing present everywhere at once16
6649557676PARADIGMa cognitive framework shared by members of any discipline or group (the company's business paradigm)17
6649557677TRAVESTYany grotesque or debased likeness or imitation (a travesty of justice)18
6649557678CREDULOUSwilling to believe or trust too readily, especially without proper or adequate evidence19
6649557679COMPUNCTIONa feeling of anxiety caused by regret for doing something wrong or causing pain20
6649557680EXACERBATEto increase the severity; aggravate21
6649557681AMELIORATEto make or become better or improve22
6649557682PLACATEto appease or pacify with concessions23
6649557683ASSUAGEto make milder; relieve; soothe, calm fears or anger24
6649557684NEFARIOUSextremely wicked25
6649557685VIABLE1. capable of living; 2. useful or effective26
6649557686DENIGRATEto speak damagingly of; criticize in a derogatory manner27
6649557687EXCULPATEto clear from a charge of guilt or fault28
6649557688VEHEMENTstrongly emotional; intense or passionate29
6649557689DISINGENUOUSNOT straightforward or candid30
6649557690INGENUOUSfree from reserve; candid; sincere31
6649557691CHAGRINfeelings of disappointment and embarassment32
6649557692REPUDIATEto reject as having any authority (to repudiate a claim)33
6649557693DELINEATEto portray in words; describe with precision34
6649557694EMPIRICALderived from experiment and observation rather than theory35
6649557695INUREDmade tough by habitual exposure36
6649557696FALLOWplowed and left unseeded; not in use37
6649557697SALIENTprominent or conspicuous (salient traits)38
6649557698EXTOLpraise, glorify, or honor39
6649557699AMBIGUOUSopen to two or more interpretations40
6649557700GUILEcrafty or artful deception; duplicity41
6649557701OSTRACIZEto exclude, by general consent, from society, friendship, conversation, etc.42
6649557702CACHETsuperior status; prestige of a position or a university; a distinguishing mark or feature (Ivy League schools have their own cachet)43
6649557703IMPUGNchallenge as false or wrong44
6649557704IMPUNITYexemption from punishment or loss45
6649557705EXTENUATEto lessen or try to lessen the seriousness of a situation46
6649557706MITIGATEto make less severe47
6649557707INCESSANToccurring so frequently as to seem ceaseless or uninterrupted48
6649557708VIS A VIS1. face to face 2. in relation to; compared with49
6649557709INSIDIOUSintended to entrap50
6649557710TUMULTUOUSdisorderly or noisy (a tumultuous crowd of students)51
6649557711SUBSTANTIATEto establish by proof or competent evidence52
6649557712POLEMICALcontroversial; highly debated53
6649557713CONVALESCENCEgradual healing (through rest) after sickness or injury54
6649557714EGREGIOUSconspicuously and outrageously bad or reprehensible55
6649557715CAUSTICseverely critical or sarcastic56
6649557716ACERBICsour; harsh or severe, in temper or expression57
6649557717LAMBASTEto reprimand or berate harshly58
6649557718HARANGUEa long, intense scolding or attack59
6649557719APPROBATIONofficial recognition or approval60
6649557720REPLETEabundantly supplied or provided61
6649557721RIFEfrequent occurrence; in widespread existence, activity, or use62
6649557722REPREHENSIBLEdeserving severe rebuke or censure63
6649557723ENSCONCEto settle or hide securely or snugly (in an armchair, corner, closet etc.)64
6649557724ENSHROUDto cover or hide; conceal65
6649557725TEDIUMthe state of being wearisome; irksomeness66
6649557726RESCINDto invalidate; revoke; repeal67
6649557727REFUTEto prove to be false68
6649557728LAMPOONa sharp satire or criticism directed against an individual or institution69
6649557729HEDONISMa system that evaluates the pursuit of pleasure as the highest good70
6649557730TENUOUSthin or slender; lacking a sound basis as reasoning71
6649557731BOMBASTspeech too pompous for an occasion72
6649557732CURTAILto cut short73
6649557733OBSCUREnot clear or plain; vague, or uncertain74
6649557734OBFUSCATEto confuse, bewilder, or stupefy75
6649557735DECORUMpropriety in manners and conduct76
6649557736OBSTINATEfirmly and unreasonably adhering to one's purpose, opinion77
6649557737OBDURATEunmoved by persuasion, pity, or tender feelings; unyielding.78
6649557738UNCTUOUSunpleasantly and excessively suave or ingratiating in manner or speech; oily79
6649557739INGRATIATEgain favor with somebody by deliberate efforts80
6649557740EQUIVOCATEto use unclear expressions usually to avoid commitment or to mislead81
6649557741RETICENTintentionally silent; reserved82
6649557742ACCOLADEany award, honor, or laudatory notice83
6649557743PORTEND (verb)to indicate in advance84
6649557744PORTENT (noun)an indication or omen of something about to happen85
6649557745ESOTERICunderstandable by only an enlightened inner circle86
6649557746TORPIDsluggish inactivity; lethargic indifference87
6649557747ABASEto reduce or lower, as in rank, office, reputation, or estimation (suggests loss of prestige or dignity)88
6649557748DEGRADEto reduce or lower, as in rank, office, reputation, or estimation (suggests humiliation)89
6649557749POSTHUMOUSoccurring after a person's death90
6649557750POSTULATEto assume without proof, or as self-evident91
6649557751ICONOCLASTa person who attacks and seeks to overthrow popular ideas or institutions92
6649557752ONUSa difficult obligation, task, burden, responsibility93
6649557753DEPRECATEto verbally disapprove of94
6649557754PEJORATIVEhaving a disparaging or belittling effect95
6649557755IMMUTABLEunchangeable96
6649557756OPULENTwealthy or affluent97
6649557757PRECIPITOUSextremely or impassably steep98
6649557758MAELSTROM1. a powerful or violent whirlpool 2. disordered state of affairs99
6649557759RECAPITULATEsummarize briefly100
6649557760CAPITULATEto surrender; to give up resistance101
6649557761ACQUIESCEsubmit or comply silently or without protest102
6649557762PREEMINENTsuperior; surpassing; above or before others103
6649557763SARDONICmocking; cynical; sneering104
6649557764PRETENTIOUSassumption of dignity or importance, usually when exaggerated or underserved105
6649557765OSTENTATIOUSshowy in an attempt to impress others106
6649557766PRESUMPTUOUSunwarrantedly or impertinently bold; forward107
6649557767PROPENSITYa natural inclination or tendency108
6649557768PENCHANTa strong inclination or tendency109
6649557769PALPABLEplainly seen, heard; capable of being touched or felt110
6649557770PANACEAa remedy for all disease or ills; cure-all; usually used negatively111
6649557771PRISTINEhaving its original purity; uncorrupted or unsullied.112
6649557772MALLEABLEcapable of being shaped or bent113
6649557773PARAMOUNTchief in importance or impact; supreme114
6649557774UPSHOTthe final issue, the conclusion, or the result115
6649557775PARIAHan outcast; any person or animal that is generally despised or avoided116
6649557776ANTIQUATEDold-fashioned; no longer used117
6649557777INEPTwithout skill or aptitude for a particular task or assignment118
6649557778PEDESTRIANlacking in vitality, imagination, distinction, etc.; commonplace; dull119
6649557779CHARLATANa person who pretends or claims to have more knowledge or skill than he or she possesses120
6649557780POSEURa person who attempts to impress others by pretending to be someone they're not121
6649557781MASOCHISTa person who loves experiencing pain, self-imposed or imposed by others122
6649557782SADISTa person who obtains pleasure from inflicting pain on others123
6649557783MISOGYNISTa person who hates, dislikes, mistrusts, or mistreats women124
6649557784SYCOPHANTa self-seeking, servile flatterer125
6649557785VACUOUSempty; lacking intelligence126
6649557786INANElacking sense, significance; silly127
6649557787RELEGATEto assign or send to an inferior position, place, or condition128
6649557788SUBJUGATEto bring under complete control; conquer; master129
6649557789FLIPPANTfrivolously disrespectful, shallow, or lacking in seriousness130
6649557790PATRONIZEto behave in an offensively condescending manner toward someone131
6649557791DUPLICITOUSdeceitfulness in speech or conduct (speaking or acting in two different ways to different people concerning the same matter)132
6649557792SPECIOUSseemingly true, but actually false133
6649557793OSTENSIBLEoutwardly appearing as such; pretended134
6649557794VENERATEto regard or treat with reverence135
6649557795VERACITYcorrectness or accuracy136
6649557796FORTUITOUShappening or produced by chance; accidental; lucky137
6649557797DEFUNCTceased to exist or live138
6649557798INCENDIARY1. capable of arousing strife, sedition 2. causing fire139
6649557799PENSIVEwistfully thoughtful, usually marked by sadness140
6649557800COLLOQUIALappropriate to ordinary or familiar conversation rather than formal speech or writing141
6649557801COLLUSIONa secret agreement between two parties to appear as adversaries as a way to defraud a third party142
6649557802CLANDESTINEcharacterized by or done in secrecy for the purpose of deception143
6649557803SURREPTITIOUSdone by stealth; secret actions144
6649557804PERFUNCTORYperformed merely as a routine; going through the motions only145
6649557805MYOPICnarrow-minded; lack of foresight146
6649557806COMPLACENTself-satisfied; pleased without awareness of some potential danger or defect147
6649557807VOLATILEtending or threatening to break out into open violence; explosive148
6649557808ENDEMICregularly found among a particular people or in a certain area149
6649557809GERMANEclosely or significantly related; relevant150
6649557810EFFACEto rub out; erase; to make inconspicuous151
6649557811EFFUSIVEunduly demonstrative; pouring out; overflowing152
6649557812LACONICexpressing much in few words; concise153
6649557813VERBOSEusing many or too many words154
6649557814COGENTconvincing or believable by virtue of clear or incisive presentation155
6649557815GRATUITOUSfree; being without apparent reason, cause or justification156
6649557816ELUCIDATEto make clear; explain157
6649557817VOLITIONa choice or decision made by one's own will158
6649557818PROXIMITYthe property of being close together159
6649557819HACKNEYEDcommonplace; the constant use of a phrase or word which dulls its significance or force160
6649557820DESPOTISMthe rule of someone with absolute authority, power, and control; tyranny161
6649557821RECTITUDErightness of principle or conduct; moral virtue162
6649557822NASCENTbeginning to exist or develop163
6649557823IMPETUSstimulus; the force that sets something in motion164
6649557824ENGENDERto produce, cause, or give rise to165
6649557825VICISSITUDEa change or variation occurring in the course of something (vicissitude of fortune, vicissitude of seasons)166
6649557826RENEGEfail to fulfill a promise or obligation167
6649557827PROLIFERATEto grow or produce by multiplication of parts (cell division); spread rapidly168
6649557828ENERVATEto weaken; deprive of force or strength169
6649557829LANGUIDlacking spirit or liveliness170
6649557830COMMENSURATEcorresponding in size or degree or extent171
6649557831NOVICEsomeone new to a field or activity172
6649557832DILETTANTEa person who takes up an art, activity, or subject merely for amusement in a superficial way173
6649557833SORDIDmorally base; vile; dirty or filthy174
6649557834EXIGENCYa case or situation that demands prompt action or remedy175
6649557835ARDUOUSrequiring great exertion; full of hardships176
6649557836APATHETIChaving or showing little or no emotion177
6649557837MINUTIAEprecise details; trifling matters178
6649557838PURCHASEa firm foothold, grasp etc, as for climbing or levering something179
6649557839EFFICACYcapacity for producing a desired result180
6649557840CAPRICIOUSsubject to, led by a sudden, odd notion or unpredictable change; erratic181
6649557841SUPPOSITIONan idea or theory believed to be true without proof.182
6649557842CONJECTUREan un-testable proposition183
6649557843DIATRIBEa bitter, sharply abusive denunciation, attack, or criticism184
6649557844ABSTRUSEhard to understand because of extreme complexity or abstractness as well as being esoteric185
6649557845INSATIABLEimpossible to satisfy186
6649557846VORACIOUSexceedingly eager or avid (readers, collectors, etc.)187
6649557847IMPERVIOUS1. not permitting passage; impenetrable 2. incapable of being injured, influenced, or affected188
6649557848CAMARADERIEgood-fellowship189
6649557849ACUITYsharpness; keenness (vision, mind, etc.)190
6649557850OBTUSEnot quick or alert in perception or intellect; dull191
6649557851FLOUTto scoff at, mock, scorn192
6649557852TOUTto describe or advertise boastfully; praise extravagantly193
6649557853MORASSa soft wet area of low-lying land that sinks underfoot (usually used figuratively)194
6649557854EPITOMIZEserve as a typical example of195
6649557855PARAGONa model of pattern of excellence; the ideal standard196
6649557856VACILLATEto waver in mind or opinion197
6649557857WINDFALLa sudden good fortune (as a sudden opportunity to make money)198
6649557858VANGUARDthe front part of an army; the forefront in any movement, field, activity199
6649557859ALLITERATIONrepetition of the same sound within nearby words; most often, repeated initial consonants200
6649557860APOSTROPHEaddresses an abstraction, an inanimate object, or to the someone not present201
6649557861HYPERBOLEexaggeration for effect202
6649557862MEIOSISunderstatement for effect203
6649557863LITOTESmaking an affirmative point by denying its opposite204
6649557864PERSONIFICATIONgiving human characteristics to non-human things205
6649557865IRONY (verbal and situational)reversal of expectations or speaking in such a way as to imply the contrary of what one says206
6649557866SARCASMa mocking or derogatory statement, usually ironic, directed and intended to hurt another person207
6649557867SATIREliterary genre that uses irony, wit and sometimes sarcasm to expose humanity's vices and foibles, giving impetus to change or reform through ridicule208
6649557868SIMILEcomparing two distinct things by using connective words such as like or as209
6649557869METAPHORidentify one object or idea with another in one or more aspects via representation or substitution210
6649557870METONYMYsubstituting the word in mind with an object closely related to it (White House for President)211
6649557871SYNECDOCHEa part of something is used to represent the whole of something (all hands on deck)212
6649557872ANAPHORArepetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of two or more lines, clauses, or sentences213
6649557873ANTIMETABOLErepetition of words in successive clauses in reverse grammatical order (similar to chiasmus)214
6649557874ANTITHESISbalancing contrasting terms against each other for emphasis215
6649557875ZEUGMAone word is used to mean two different things simultaneously216
6649557876ANASTROPHEreversal of word order to make a point217
6649557877ANTECEDENTthe original noun, noun phrase or clause referred to later in the text by other means (pronouns, metaphors, etc.)218
6649557878APPOSITIVEa noun or noun phrase that further describes a nearby noun or pronoun219
6649557879PHRASEgroup of words without a verb (always dependent on other words to make a complete sentence)220
6649557880CLAUSEgroup of words with a verb (independent clauses are complete sentences; dependent clause require an independent clause to make a complete sentence)221
6649557881SIMPLE SENTENCEsentence containing one independent clause222
6649557882COMPOUND SENTENCEsentence containing multiple independent clauses223
6649557883COMPLEX SENTENCEsentence containing at least one independent and at least one dependent clause224
6649557884FRAGMENTincomplete sentence (can be effective depending on the purpose)225
6649557885SUBORDINATIONthe use of a conjunction to make the meaning of one clause dependent on another clause226
6649557886PASSIVE VOICEwhen the object of the verb is the subject of the sentence. (The homework is read by Sam.)227
6649557887ACTIVE VOICEwhen the subject is doing the action. (Sam reads the homework.)228

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