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AP Language Exam Flashcards

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5838080125SatireThe use of irony or sarcasm to critique society or an individual0
5838080126Ironyusing words in a way that conveys the opposite of their literal meaning1
5838080127HyperboleDeliberate exaggeration used for emphasis or to produce a comic or ironic effect; an overstatement to make a point2
5838081431UnderstatementA figure of speech in which something is presented as less important, dire, urgent, or good than it is, often satiric or comic effect3
5838088547ParodyImitation of a particular writer or genre for comic effect4
5838103679Repetitionrepeats the same words or phrases a few times to make an idea clearer5
5838114075Vernaculareveryday language, including slang, that's used by the people6
5838127480Metaphorfigure of speech which makes an implicit, implied or hidden comparison between two things that are unrelated but share some common characteristics.7
5838138684Similedrawing parallels or comparisons between two unrelated and dissimilar things, using like or as8
5838144838PersonificationIn which a thing, an idea or an animal is given human attributes.9
5838175243Genetic fallacyRejecting an argument based on its origins rather than on its own merits; a related form accepts or rejects arguments based in others who endorse or reject those same arguments10
5838187456VaguenessA lack of clarity or precision in language; words or groups of words are vague when their meaning are in exact or when it is unclear to which things the word or words apply11
5838194619FallacyAn argument that relies upon faulty reasoning12
5838197021Booby trapAn argument that, while not a fallacy p, might lead an inattentive reader to commit a fallacy13
5838202450Red herringAn argument that pretends to establish a particular conclusion but that really argues for something else entirely14
5838211252EquivocationA subcategory of vagueness that consists of using a term or expression in an argument in one sense in one place and in another sense in another15
5838219301Straw manA subcategory of red herring that involves misrepresenting an opponent's position to make it easier to attack16
5838224031Suppressed evidenceA failure to mention or otherwise acknowledge important, relevant evidence; not always a fallacy, but ignoring relevant facts is often a sign of an attempt to mislead17
5838235822False causeLabeling one thing as the cause of another thing on insufficient or unrepresentative evidence of using evidence that conflicts with established higher-level truths or theories18
5838244752Appeal to authorityAccepting the word of authorities when we lack good reasons for thinking that they have the information we need or when we have think that they might be biased, or when we ought to figure the matter out for ourselves, or when the authority in question is not really an expert in the relevant area19
5838259547Undistributed middleAn argument in which the middle term is undistributed, meaning that not all the instances of things that are C are also instances of things that are A or of B20
5838272148Questionable use of statisticsEmploying statistics that are questionable without further support21
5838284576Questionable use of statisticsFallacy: nine out of ten students pollled want to attend college out of state. Therefore, ninety percent of students at St. Mary's high school hope to leave the state for college22
5838294627Red herringFallacy: mom, it's not a big deal that I went over my data limit this month. Aren't you proud of me for getting an A on the math test?23
5838304060Appeal to authorityFallacy: Michael Jordan is one of the best basketball players ever, and he drives a corvette. Corvettes must be really great cars24
5838311401Undistributed middleFallacy: all of the students in the Harry Potter books are wizards. I'm also a student. Therefore, I must be a wizard25
5838318400False causeFallacy: Bryce Harper ate a lot of nachos last year and was named MVP. I'm going to eat a lot of nachos so I can one day be a great baseball player26
5838325605EquivocationFallacy: Father Costello told me that I should have faith. I have faith that Maryland will win the NCAA basketball championship to year, so Father would be pleased with me27
5838340471Fallacy: my parents told me that broccoli is good for me, so it must be good for me28
5838346750Fallacy: Senator Jones says we should defund the submarine program. I can't understand why he wants our enemies to attack us29
5838350777Simple sentenceA sentence that contains a subject and a verb; expresses a single complete thought that can stand in its own30
5838360062Simple sentenceWhat type of sentence?: the baby cried for food.31
5838364272Compound sentenceSentence that has two independent clauses; contains two simple sentences joined together by conjunction32
5838370984Compound sentenceWhat type of sentence?: The shoplifter had stolen clothes, so he ran once he saw the police33
5838378487Complex sentenceSentence that is an independent clause joined by one or more dependent clauses; always has a subordinator (as, because, since, after, although, when) or relative pronouns (who, that, which)34
5838391276Complex sentenceWhat type of sentence? After eating lunch at The Cheesecake Factory, Tim went to the gym to exercise.35
5838400641Compound-complex sentenceSentence that has two independent clauses and at least one dependent clause36
5838407469Compound-complex sentenceWhat type of sentence? After the two soccer players lost their game, they joined their other teammates for lunch, and they went to the movies37

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