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| 8749495138 | Allegory | 寓言，讽喻法 an extended narrative in prose or verse in which characters, events, and settings represent abstract qualities and in which the author intends a second meaning to be read beneath the surface of the story; the underlying meaning may be moral, religious, political, social, or satiric. eg. The Masque of the Red Death as an allegory for life and death. | 0 | |
| 8749500035 | Amplification | 详述 VERY general term for all the ways in which an argument can be expanded or enriched. To "amplify" an argument means to develop it. ('Enumeration is a type of amplification." | 1 | |
| 8755541089 | Antithesis | 对偶 opposition or contrast emphasized by parallel structure. eg. "I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a desert state sweltering with the injustice and oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice."—MLK, Jr | 2 | |
| 8755564479 | Aphorism | 格言，警句 a brief saying embodying a moral; a concise statement of a principle or precept given in pointed words. eg. "A man is God in ruins."—Ralph Waldo Emerson | 3 | |
| 8755728330 | Apostrophe | a strategy in which an absent person, inanimate object (the sun, for example), or abstract being (Death) is addressed directly. eg. "Death be not proud, though some have called thee/ Mighty and dreadful." -John Donne | 4 | |
| 8755770203 | Chiasmus | AB, and BA 型句子 a syntactical structure by which the order of the terms in the first of two parallel clauses is reversed in the second. This may involve a repetition of the same words ("Pleasure's a sin, and sometimes sin's a pleasure" --Byron) or just a reversed parallel between two corresponding pairs of ideas. It is named after the Greek letter chi (x), indicating a "criss-cross" arrangement of terms. Adjective: chiastic. eg. "The two most engaging powers of an author are to make new things familiar, and familiar things new."—Samuel Johnson | 5 | |
| 8755797910 | Ellipsis | 句子里的省略：any omitted part of speech that is easily understood in context, e.g. in the sentence from Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain, "And so he went on, and the people groaning and crying and saying amen:..." there is an omitted/understood "were" between "people" and "groaning." 故事里的省略：An ellipsis also refers to a rhetorical device in the narrative of a story, where the narrative skips over a scene. "The average person thinks he isn't."—Father Larry Lorenzoni The term "average" is omitted but understood after "isn't." | 6 | |
| 8755882159 | Epistrophe | 尾重复 the repetition of the same word or groups of words at the ends of phrases, clauses, or sentences. eg. "When I was a child, I spake as a child, I understood as a child, I thought as a child;" 1 Corinthians 13:11 | 7 | |
| 8755889459 | Imagery | 形象化的描述 lively descriptions which impress the images of things upon the mind using one or more of the five senses; figures of speech. eg. "The King of the jungle was sleeping, the spotted and black panthers were pacing their stinky cages like mad doctors. The rhino was bathing in lukewarm mud, and the elephant and giant turtle were doing nothing."—Gary Soto | 8 | |
| 8756288898 | Mode | the four traditionally classified modes of discourse are description, exposition, narration, and persuasion. Can also include definition, cause/effect, compare/contrast etc. | 9 | |
| 8756292886 | Mood | 读者的感觉 the atmosphere of a piece of text; the emotions readers or viewers feel as they experience the text | 10 | |
| 8756297896 | Rhetoric | 修辞学，雄辩术 THE ART OF USING WORDS EFFECTIVELY IN WRITING OR SPEAKING SO AS TO INFLUENCE OR PERSUADE | 11 | |
| 8756298434 | Symbolism | the use of symbols or anything concrete that is meant to be taken both literally and as representative of a higher and more complex/abstract significance. | 12 | |
| 8756302015 | Theme | the central idea or "message" of a literary work. Must be stated in a complete sentence, e.g. NOT love, but Love is an elusive dream which can never be fully realized. | 13 | |
| 8756302672 | Understatement | 轻描淡写 An understatement is a figure of speech employed by writers or speakers to intentionally make a situation seem less important than it really is. For example, you win 10 million dollars in a lottery. When you tell a news reporter "I am delighted," you are making an understatement. | 14 |
