Terms : Hide Images
| 5742104350 | Exposition | writing that explains or informs that is used mostly in nonfiction | 0 | |
| 5742109926 | Narration | writing that tells a story | 1 | |
| 5742113071 | Description | writing that appeals to the live senses; informative (factual and practice), impressionistic (appeals to senses), organizational based on time (chronological, spatial, importance), figurative language (comparison/metaphor, imagery) | 2 | |
| 5742136146 | Argument/Persuasion | writing that presents a position in hopes that the reader will accept an assertion | 3 | |
| 5742173306 | Cause/Effect | as a result of A, B occurs | 4 | |
| 5742180044 | Exemplification | writer uses examples to illustrate, support, and clarify examples | 5 | |
| 5742185253 | Compare/Contrast | refers to similarities and differences | 6 | |
| 5742192313 | Classification/Division | a process of grouping things specific to general or from small groups to larger groups | 7 | |
| 5742198275 | Process Analysis | breaking down into chronologically ordered steps to find out how to perform a task or explain how it works | 8 | |
| 5742210431 | Definition | denotative or connotative; usually includes class or group in which it belongs and how it is different from all other categories | 9 | |
| 5742222502 | Allusion | indirect references to another idea, person, place, event, or artwork to enhance the meaning | 10 | |
| 5742227456 | Analogy | comparison between two different items that an author may use to describe, define, explain by indicating similarities | 11 | |
| 5742239249 | Apostrophe | writer uses when speaking directly to an abstract person, idea, --used to exhibit emotions Ex: Death, where is thy sting? | 12 | |
| 5742250189 | Epithet | adjective or adjective phrase used to describe the perceived nature of a noun by accentuating one of its dominant characteristics as real or metaphorical Ex: Elvis, the king. | 13 | |
| 5734315598 | Euphemism | When a writer substitutes a harsh word for a milder, sounding word Ex: The man would sleep forever vs. the man was dead | 14 | |
| 5742325196 | Hyperbole | exaggeration or overstatement to achieve a serious, ironic, humorous, or sarcastic effect Ex: I could sleep for a year | 15 | |
| 5734315599 | Juxtaposition | A poetic and rhetorical device in which normally I associated ideas, words, or phrases are placed next to each other, creating an effect of surprise and wit Ex: Petals on a wet, black bough | 16 | |
| 5734315600 | Metaphor | Direct or implied comparison between two unlike things Ex: He is such a pig when he eats. | 17 | |
| 5734315601 | Metonymy | A metaphor in which the actual subject is represented by an item with which it is closely associated Ex: Washington for the United States government | 18 | |
| 5734315602 | Synecdoche | A metaphor that uses a part to represent a whole Ex: I need a hand in here | 19 | |
| 5734315603 | Oxymoron | A paradoxical image created by using two contradictory terms together Ex: Jumbo shrimp | 20 | |
| 5734315604 | Personification | A metaphor giving human qualities to a nonhuman, abstract, inanimate object Ex: The sun smiled on the Earth | 21 | |
| 5734315605 | Prolepsis | A figure of speech in which a future event is referred to in anticipation Ex: Calling someone "the dead man" before the man is dead | 22 | |
| 5734315606 | Pun | A play on the meaning of words | 23 | |
| 5734315607 | Rhetorical question | Asking a question for effect l, not expecting an answer | 24 | |
| 5734315608 | Simile | Indirect comparison of to unlike things using like, as, and sometimes than | 25 | |
| 5734315609 | Litotes | And understatement used for emphasis or affirmation Ex: It wasn't my best moment | 26 | |
| 5742762672 | Diction | word choice such as formal, informal, poetic, heightened, pretentious, slang, colloquial, ordinary, simple, or complex | 27 | |
| 5742771822 | Connotation | the suggestive or emotional meaning of a word in addition to the explicit or denoted meaning | 28 | |
| 5742777027 | Denotation | the literal meaning of a word, the dictionary definition of a word | 29 | |
| 5734315611 | Syntax | Grammatical structure of sentences, the arrangement of words in sentences | 30 | |
| 5734315619 | Chiasmus | The grammatical structure of the first clause or phrase is reversed in the second Ex: "...ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country" | 31 | |
| 5734315620 | Climax | Writer arranges ideas in the order of importance Ex: I spent the day cleaning the house, reading poetry, and putting my life in order. | 32 | |
| 5734315621 | Antithesis | Two opposing ideas present in a parallel manner; the juxtaposition of contrasting ideas Ex: Our knowledge separates as well as unites; our orders disintegrate as well as bind; our art brings us together and sets us apart. | 33 | |
| 5734315622 | Parallel structure (parallelism) | The writer employs grammatically similar constructions to create a sense of balance to allow the audience to compare/contrast parallel subjects Ex: The teacher said that Bob was a poor student because he procrastinated until the last minute to study for the quiz, rushed through the quiz, and never turned in homework. | 34 | |
| 5734315624 | Anastrophe | Word order is reversed or rearranged Ex: Echoed the hills | 35 | |
| 5734315625 | Inverted sentence | Sometimes authors will invert the order of a sentence. The predicate comes before the subject and can be used for emphasis or rhythmic effect Ex: The television he watches. | 36 | |
| 5734315627 | Appositive phrases | Placing a noun or phrase next to a noun or pronoun to help explain it Ex: Mrs. MacFarland, the English teacher, loves to read. | 37 | |
| 5734315628 | Parenthesis | Construction placed in an unexpected aside and that is not syntactically related to the rest of the sentence; may use parenthesis or dashes for effect | 38 | |
| 5734315630 | Asyndeton | Conjunctions are omitted, producing a fast-paced and rapid prose Ex: I came, I saw, I conquered. | 39 | |
| 5734315631 | Zeugma | When the verb has two object that play on different meanings of the verb Ex: He bolted the door and his dinner. | 40 | |
| 5734315634 | Anadiplosis | A rhetorical repetition at the beginning of a phrase of the word or words with which the previous phrase ended Ex: He is a man loyalty-loyalty always firm. | 41 | |
| 5734315635 | Anaphora | The regular repetition of the same word or phrase at the Beginning of successive phrases or clauses Ex: We shall fight on the beaches. We shall fight on the landing grounds. We shall fight in the fields and in the streets. | 42 | |
| 5735910679 | Polyptoton | He repetition of a word in a different case or inflection in the same sentence Ex: My own heart's heart. | 43 | |
| 5735910680 | Polysyndenton | The use of many conjunctions slows the reader's pace Ex: FANBOYS | 44 | |
| 5735910681 | Epanalepsis | Repetition at the end of a clause of the word that occurred at the beginning Ex: Blood hath brought blood, and blows answers'd blows. | 45 | |
| 5735910682 | Epistrophe | Repetition of the same word or group of words at the ends of successive clauses Ex: I'll have my bond! Speak not against my bond! | 46 | |
| 5735910684 | Alliteration | Repetition of initial consonant sounds in a group of words; appears at the beginning of the words Ex: Creamy coconut cake. | 47 | |
| 5735910685 | Assonance | Involved the repetition of vowel sounds within words | 48 | |
| 5735910686 | Consonance | Repetition of consonants, especially at the end of words Ex: As twilight long begun. | 49 | |
| 5743378714 | Simple Sentence | contains one main clause and usually some modifiers Ex: We watched the news today on the television. | 50 | |
| 5743385229 | Compound Sentence | contains at least two independent clauses without any subordinate or dependent clauses Ex: We watched television today on the couch, and Darlene made us breakfast. | 51 | |
| 5743393420 | Complex Sentence | one independent clause with at least one dependent clause Ex: We watched television on the couch while Darlene made us breakfast. | 52 | |
| 5743406670 | Conjunctive Adverb | an adverb that functions like a conjunction by expressing the relationship between independent sentences Ex: therefore, furthermore, hence | 53 | |
| 5743418455 | Coordinating Conjunctions | joins words or word groups Ex: FANBOYS | 54 | |
| 5743425165 | Balanced Sentence | the phrases or clauses balance each other by their likeness or structure, meaning or length Ex: He maketh me to lie down in green pastures; he leadeth me beside the still waters. | 55 | |
| 5743438885 | Loose/Cumulative Sentence | main clause appears in the beginning of sentence with phrases or dependent clauses that follow Ex: We watched television, putting our feet up on the ottoman, relaxing our head on a pillow, and reminiscing about the prior evening. | 56 | |
| 5743453135 | Periodic Sentence | slows the pace for the reader by delaying the main clause until the very end of the sentence, which is perfect for building suspense or drawing attention to a topic Ex: Without any reason for really going, without his full sense of purpose for the occasion, without any warning that she would be there, he stumbled in the room dumbfound to find Mary. | 57 | |
| 5736301688 | Ad hominem | The specific diversionary tactic of switching the argument from the issue at hand to the character of the other speaker. Attacks the person rather than the issue. Ex: Green peace's strategies aren't effective because they are all dirty, lazy, hippies. | 58 | |
| 5757141816 | Ad Misericordian | Ex: You are the whole world to me, the moon and the stars. | 59 | |
| 5736301689 | Ad populum | "Everyone is doing it so it must be a good thing to do" Ex: You should vote for Rachel Johnson- she has a strong lead in the polls! | 60 | |
| 5736301690 | Appeal to false authority | Someone who has no experience to speak on an issue is cited as an authority. May use a celebrity endorsement. Ex: A TV star used for pharmaceutical advertisements. | 61 | |
| 5736301691 | Argument | A process of reasoned inquiry; a persuasive discourse resulting in a coherent and considered movement from a claim to a conclusion | 62 | |
| 5736301692 | Backing | (Toulmin) further assurances or data without which the assumption lacks authority | 63 | |
| 5736301693 | Begging the question | A claim is based on evidence or support that is in doubt Ex: Giving students easy assess to a wealth of acts and resources online allows them to develop critical thinking skills. All members of Kay Club are not to be trusted. | 64 | |
| 5736301694 | Circular reasoning | A fallacy in which the writer repeats the claim as a way to provide evidence Ex: "You can't give me a C; I'm an A student!" Science should be required because all students need to know science. | 65 | |
| 5736301695 | Claim | States the argument's main idea or position. Differs from a topic or subject in that a claim has to be arguable. | 66 | |
| 5736301696 | Claim of fact | Asserts that something is true or not true | 67 | |
| 5736301697 | Claim of policy | Proposes a change Ex: Yet one solution continues to elude us, and that is ending the ignorance about mental health, and moving it from the margins of care and into the mainstream where is belongs. | 68 | |
| 5736301698 | Claim of value | Argues that something is good or bad | 69 | |
| 5736301700 | Closed thesis | A statement of the main idea of the argument that also previews the major points the writer intends to make | 70 | |
| 5757238195 | deductive reasoning | reasoning that is general to specific | 71 | |
| 5736301702 | Either/or | The speaker presents two extreme options as the only possible choices. Ex: Either we agree to higher taxes, or our grandchildren will be mired in debt. | 72 | |
| 5757215745 | ethos | an appeal that establishes the speaker's credibility/authority | 73 | |
| 5736301703 | Faulty analogy | An analogy compares two things that are not comparable. | 74 | |
| 5736301704 | First-hand evidence | Based on something the writer knows; personal experience, observations, or general knowledge or events | 75 | |
| 5736301705 | Hasty generalization | A faulty conclusion is reached because of inadequate evidence. A claim that is based on doubtful evidence or support. | 76 | |
| 5736301706 | Inductive reasoning | Uses specific cases in order to draw a general conclusion | 77 | |
| 5736301707 | Logical fallacy | Potential vulnerabilities or weaknesses in an argument. An error in reasoning. | 78 | |
| 5757212181 | logos | an appeal to logic and evidence to connect to the reader's intellect | 79 | |
| 5736301708 | Open thesis | Does not list all the points the writer intends to cover in an essay | 80 | |
| 5757158296 | Overgeneralization/stereotyping | Draws a faulty conclusion about an entire group based on insufficient evidence. | 81 | |
| 5757215744 | pathos | an appeal to the reader's beliefs, values, or feelings | 82 | |
| 5757189153 | Poisoning the Well | Ex: You can't go out with Petey Bellows who is a liar, a cheat and a rat. | 83 | |
| 5736301709 | Post hoc | It is incorrect to always claim that something is a cause just because it happened earlier. An unrelated event that occurs is used as the cause of a current situation. Ex: We elected Johnson as president and look where it got us: hurricanes, floods, stock market crashes. | 84 | |
| 5736301710 | Qualifier | (Toulmin) tempers the claim making it less absolute | 85 | |
| 5736301711 | Quantitative evidence | Includes things that can be measurable | 86 | |
| 5736301712 | Rebuttal | (Toulmin) gives voice to possible objections | 87 | |
| 5757100777 | Red Herring | A diversionary tactic that avoids key issues, often by avoiding opposing arguments rather than addressing them. Ex: The level of mercury in seafood is unsafe, but what will fishermen do to support their families? | 88 | |
| 5736301713 | Reservation | (Toulmin) explains the terms and conditions necessitated by the qualifier | 89 | |
| 5736301715 | Second-hand evidence | Evidence accessed through research, reading, and investigation | 90 | |
| 5757081716 | Slippery Slope | A conclusion based on the premise that if A happens, then eventually through a series of small steps, B will happen too. Ex: If we use one more can of hairspray this month, earth as we know it will no longer exist. | 91 | |
| 5736301716 | Straw man | Occurs when a speaker chooses a deliberately poor or oversimplified example in order to ridicule and refute an idea. A person stacks another person on falsehoods or exaggerations or an idea on deliberately poor or oversimplified examples. Ex: Politician X proposes that we put astronauts on Mars in the next four years. Politician Y ridicules this proposal by saying that his opponent is looking for "little green men in outer space." | 92 | |
| 5736301701 | Syllogism | A logical process whereby one reaches a conclusion by starting with a general principle or universal truth (major premise and applying it to a specific case (minor premise). | 93 | |
| 5736301699 | Classical argument | Includes introduction, narration, confirmation, refutation, and conclusion | 94 | |
| 5756958628 | Toulmin model | an approach to analyzing and constructing arguments. Includes data, claim, warrant, and backing. Ex: Because it is raining, therefore I should probably take my umbrella, since it will keep me dry on account of its waterproof material, unless, of course, there is a hole in it. | 95 | |
| 5736301714 | Rogerian Argument | Based on the assumption that having a full understanding of an opposing position is essential to responding to it persuasively and refuting it in a way that is accommodating rather than alienating | 96 | |
| 5757276758 | Satire | exposes human vices in order to provoke change | 97 | |
| 5757279001 | Sardonic | a tone that is scornful, cynical, and derisive; it does not necessarily have the purpose of creating change | 98 | |
| 5757286871 | Parody | mockery by imitation; a form of burlesque that imitates a work or style of an author for comic effect, sometimes in order to ridicule the author | 99 | |
| 5757293102 | Sarcasm | cutting ironic remarks intended to wound | 100 | |
| 5757294864 | Burlesque | an imitation of the style or the subject matter of a serious literary work or genre to show a ridiculous diaparity | 101 | |
| 5757301143 | Caricature | a depiction of a person using exaggeration of some characteristics or features and oversimplification of others | 102 | |
| 5757310111 | Invective | speech or writing that abuses, denounces, or attacks; can be directed against a person, cause idea, or system; employs a heavy use of emotive language | 103 | |
| 5757316157 | Lampoon | a crude course, or often bitter satire ridiculing the appearance of character of a person | 104 | |
| 5757322432 | Mock Epic | a work that treats a frivolous or minor subject seriously, especially by using the style of an epic | 105 | |
| 5757331571 | Travesty | a work that treats a serious subject frivolously; the tone is usually heavy-handed | 106 | |
| 5757334153 | Horatian Satire | satire that is lighter, gentler, and less serious in tone | 107 | |
| 5757336799 | Juvenalian Satire | satire that is serious, harsh, and even bitter in tone | 108 | |
| 5757342035 | Prepositional Phrase | In addition to our suitcases, we carried cameras ad souvenirs. | 109 | |
| 5757344613 | Adverb | Immediately, I began to move out of the way. | 110 | |
| 5757346962 | Appositive Phrase | Lady, our German shepherd, can open the door by herself. | 111 | |
| 5757351965 | Adjective, Adjective., Adjective | Burgundy, gold, and scarlet, the autumn leaves blew across the empty streets. | 112 | |
| 5757359705 | Conjunctive Adverb | My application was lost in the mail; therefore, I delivered a new one in person. | 113 | |
| 5757369758 | Coordinating Conjunction | The new tires were expensive, but they are so much safer to drive on. | 114 | |
| 5757372085 | Participial Phrase | Planning our trip carefully, we had enough time to see both London and Paris. | 115 | |
| 5757377393 | Subordinate Clause | Because the old photograph was faded and torn, we had it professionally restored. | 116 | |
| 5757381711 | Infinitive Phrase | To find the answer to the question, I used at least three different sources. | 117 | |
| 5757385098 | Gerund Phrase | Running the marathon has been his goal for the last two years. | 118 |
