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Ap language Flashcards

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5091009522OccasionThe time and place a speech is given or a piece is written0
5091009523PathosSpeakers appeal to pathos to emotionally motivate their audience. More specific appeal might play on audiences values, desires, and hope, on the other hand, or fears and prejudices, on the other1
5091009524PersonaGreek for mask. The face or character that a speaker shoes to his or her character2
5091009525PolemicGreek for hostile. An aggressive argument that tries to establish the superiority of one opinion over all others. Polemics generally do not concede that opposing opinions have any merit.3
5091009526PropagandaThe spread of ideas and information to further a cause. In its negative sense, propaganda is the use of rumors, lies, disinformation and scare tactics in order to damage or promote a cause4
5091009527PurposeThe goal the speaker want to achieve5
5091009528RefutationA denial of the validity of an opposing argument. In order to sound reasonable, refutation often follow a concession that acknowledges that an opposing argument may be true or reasonable.6
5091009529RhetoricAs Aristotle define the term " the faculty of observing in any given case the available means of persuasion. in other work it is the art of finding ways to persuade an audience7
5091009530Rhetorical appealsRhetorical techniques used to persuade an audience by emphasizing what they find most important or compelling.8
5091009531Rhetorical triangleAn diagram that illustrates the interrelationship among the speaker audience and subject determining a text9
5091009532SOAPSA mnemonic device that stands for subject, occasion, audience, purpose, and speaker. It is a handy way to remember the various elements that make up the rhetorical situation10
5091009533AudienceThe listener, viewer, or reader of a text. Most texts are likely to have multiple audiences11
5091009534ConcessionAn acknowledgment that an opposing argument may be true or reasonable. In a strong argument, a concession is usually accompanied by a refutation challenging the validity of the opposing argument.12
5091009535ConnotationMeanings or associations that reader have with a work beyond I st dictionary definition or denotation. Connotations are usually positive or negative and can affect the author's tone.13
5091009536ContextThe circumstances, atmosphere, attitude, and events surrounding a text14
5091009537CounterargumentAn opposing argument to the one a writer is putting forward. Rather than ignoring a counterargument, a strong writer will usually address it through the process of concession and refutation.15
5091009538EthosGreat for character. Speakers appeal to ethos demonstrate that they are both credible and trustworthy to speak on a given topic. Ethos is established by both who you are and what you say.16
5091009539LogosGreek for embodied thought. Speakers appeal to logos or reason by offering clear, rational ideas and using specific details, examples, facts statistic or expert testimony to back them up17

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