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AP Language Flashcards

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7535332767Classification\DivisionTwo methods of organizing and explaining information.0
7292499236RhetoricThe art or study of using language effectively and persuasively.1
7292625985Rhetoric AnalysisThe study of texts to determine how the author shapes the content to achieve a purpose with a given analysis.2
7292635555SpeakerThe communicator who produced the work.3
7292641425OccasionThe time, place and\or current event that shaped the work.4
7292646124AudienceThe group of readers towards whom the work is directed.5
7292649372PurposeThe reason why the work was created.6
7292651740SubjectThe general topic, content and ideas contained in the text.7
7292657690ToneThe speaker's attitude.8
7292664594SyntaxThe arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language.9
7292669879DictionThe choice and use of words and phrases in speech or writing.10
7292677203InformGive facts or information.11
7292678754ExplainMake an idea, situation, or problem clear.12
7292686861DetailAn individual fact or item.13
7292690476TopicA matter dealt with in a text, discourse, or conversation; a subject.14
7292698755PersuadeCause someone to do something through reasoning or argument.15
7292705355AnalyzeTo examine methodically and in detail the constitution or structure of.16
7292720651EffectivelyIn such a manner as to achieve a desired result.17
7292740122Primary AudienceThe particular individual or group the writer is addressing.18
7292743218Secondary AudienceThe individual or group other than the intended audience who will also read the piece.19
7299990319AbstruseDifficult to understand; obscure.20
7299992303AcerbicSharp and forthright; sardonic.21
7300000393EffusiveExpressing feelings of gratitude, pleasure, or approval in an unrestrained or heartfelt manner.22
7300004863PragmaticDealing with things sensibly and realistically in a way that is based on practical rather than theoretical considerations.23
7323304773ConnotationThe emotional meaning of the word.24
7323312108FormalLiterary; educated.25
7323319635InformalConversational.26
7323324189ColloquialFamiliar27
7323324190SlangSocially familiar.28
7323329472JargonLanguage used by a group or progression.29
7323332833ConcreteSpecific.30
7323334683AbstractGeneral31
7323338517LiteralActual; not exaggerated.32
7323344110FigurativeIn comparison; not literal.33
7323351716EuphoniousPleasant sounding.34
7323354110CacophonousHarsh sounding.35
7323356539MonosyllabicOne syllable only.36
7323358606PolysyllabicMultiple syllables.37
7333029311ClicheA phrase or opinion that is overused and betrays a lack of original thought.38
7333039870IdiomA group of words established by usage as having a meaning not deducible from those of the individual words.39
7333046363SimileA figure of speech involving the comparison of one thing with another thing of a different kind, used to make a description more emphatic or vivid.40
7333053169MetaphorA figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to an object or action to which it is not literally applicable.41
7333059817AnalogyA comparison between two things, typically for the purpose of explanation or clarification:42
7333074214ApostropheA writer or a speaker, using an apostrophe, detaches himself from the reality and addresses an imaginary character in his speech.43
7333089416PersonificationA person, animal, or object regarded as representing or embodying a quality, concept, or thing.44
7333106733UnderstatementThe presentation of something as being smaller or less important than it actually is.45
7333120015EuphemismA mild or indirect word or expression substituted for one considered to be too harsh or blunt when referring to something unpleasant or embarrassing.46
7333129371HyperboleExaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally.47
7333139914ParadoxA statement or proposition that, despite sound (or apparently sound) reasoning from acceptable premises, leads to a conclusion that seems senseless, logically unacceptable, or self-contradictory.48
7333148347OxymoronA figure of speech in which apparently contradictory terms appear in conjunction.49
7333161740MetonymyThe substitution of the name of an attribute or adjunct for that of the thing meant..50
7333170350AdjunctA thing added to something else as a supplementary rather than an essential part.51
7333181563SynecdocheA figure of speech in which a part is made to represent the whole or vice versa.52
7333189487AntithesisA person or thing that is the direct opposite of someone or something else.53
7333193955LitotesA figure of speech which employs an understatement by using double negatives or, in other words, positive statement is expressed by negating its opposite expressions.54
7399005384AnnotateAdd notes to (a text or diagram) giving explanation or comment.55
7399013109PaceA stylistic device, which shows how fast a story unfolds.56
7399017451EmphasisThe repetition of key words and phrases or the careful arrangement of words to give them special weight and prominence.57
7399024181ClauseA group of words with a subject and a verb.58
7399028657Independent ClauseHas at least one subject and at least one verb and can stand on its own.59
7399030727Dependent ClauseHas the same elements but cannot stand on its own.60
7399219488JuxtapositionThe fact of two things being seen or placed close together with contrasting effect.61
7399816022ParallelismThe state of being parallel or of corresponding in some way.62
7405921521RepetitionThe action of repeating something that has already been said or written.63
7405925138Balanced SentenceA sentence that employs parallel structures of approximately the same length and importance.64
7405928646ZeugmaA figure of speech in which a word applies to two others in different senses.65
7405931992SyllepsisA figure of speech in which a word is applied to two others in different senses66
7405935677AsyndetonThe omission or absence of a conjunction between parts of a sentence.67
7405938580EpistropheThe repetition of a word at the end of successive clauses or sentences.68
7405941536PolysyndetonA literary technique in which conjunction are used repeatedly in quick succession, often with no commas, even when the conjunctions could be removed.69
7405944795AnastropheThe inversion of the usual order of words or clauses.70
7405949234Long, Involved SentenceSentence with less than or approx. 30 words71
7405955298Rhetorical FragmentA sentence fragment used deliberately for a persuasive purpose or to create a desired effect.72
7405957743Loose SentenceA type of sentence in which the main idea (independent clause) is elaborated by the successive addition of modifying clauses or phrases.73
7405960328Cumulative SentenceA type of sentence in which the main idea (independent clause) is elaborated by the successive addition of modifying clauses or phrases.74
7405964295Telegraphic SentenceA concise sentence typically containing five words or less.75
7405968844ChiasmusA rhetorical or literary figure in which words, grammatical constructions, or concepts are repeated in reverse order, in the same or a modified form76
7405981132Periodic SentenceA sentence that has the main clause or predicate at the end.77
7405988742Interrupting SentenceAn phrase or sentence that interrupts the flow of a sentence and is usually set off by commas, dashes, or parentheses.78
7405994603InversionAlso known as anastrophe, is a literary technique in which the normal order of words is reversed in order to achieve a particular effect of emphasis or meter.79
7405998779AnaphoraThe use of a word referring to or replacing a word used earlier in a sentence, to avoid repetition80
7406002369Rhetorical QuestionA question that you ask without expecting an answer.81
7406006282AlliterationThe occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words.82
7412584991MoodA literary element that evokes certain feelings or in readers through words and descriptions.83
7430224926SubjectiveA point of view based on one's opinions, perspectives, beliefs, discoveries, desires, and feelings. It has no concern with right or wrong, other than the person's opinion of what is right and wrong.84
7430229698ObjectiveA point of view that is not influenced by personal feelings, interpretations, or prejudice; based on facts; unbiased.85
7456080370Cause and EffectA relationship between events or things, where one is the result of the other or others. This is a combination of action and reaction.86
7456089971General to SpecificFrom considering or including the main features or elements of something, and disregarding exceptions to being clearly defined or identified.87
7456118961Chronological OrderArranged in the order it happened in.88
7456128479Problem-SolutionA method for analyzing and writing about a topic by identifying a problem and proposing one or more solutions.89
7456136741ComparisonA rhetorical or literary device in which a writer compares or contrasts two people, places, things, or ideas.90
7456142018SpatialDefined as something related to space.91
7456147421Order of ImportanceIdeas or steps prioritized by the writer or speaker according to a hierarchy of value.92
7456152607SequentialFollowing a logical order, sometimes numerical or alphabetical.93
7456173870Advantages and DisadvantagesThe pros and cons of a certain situtation or event.94
7518192585FallacyA mistaken belief, especially one based on unsound argument.95
7535242617ArgumentationThe action or process of reasoning systematically in support of an idea, action, or theory.96
7535258100Compare and ContrastSeeing the similarity and seeing the difference.97
7535268194PersuasionA literary technique that writers use to present their ideas through reasons and logic to influence the audience.98
7535274144Process AnalysisA method of paragraph or essay development by which a writer explains step by step how something is done or how to do something.99
7535283026ExemplificationUsing specific, vivid examples for the purpose of adding more information to explain, persuade, define, or illustrate a general idea.100
7535294181ExpositionA comprehensive description and explanation of an idea or theory.101
7535300979Cause and EffectNoting a relationship between actions or events, that one or more are the result of the other or others.102
7535320326NarrationThe action or process of narrating a story.103
7535336141Classification/DivisionTwo methods of organizing and explaining information.104
7535344265Denotation\DefinitionA statement of the exact meaning of a word, especially in a dictionary.105
7535350116DescriptionA spoken or written representation or account of a person, object, or event.106
7587138864DysphemismAn offensive or detrimental phrase deliberately used in place of a nicer one.107
7587145738ExpeditoAn instantly recognisable figure of speech in which you list a number of alternatives, and then proceed to eliminate all but one of them.108
7587152207HypocatastasisWhen you say that something is like something else ("as busy as a bee"), that's a simile. When you say that something actually is something else ("a heart of stone") that's a metaphor. But when you just go all out and label something as something that it actually isn't ("You chicken!"), that's a109
7587163983PleonasmUsing more words than are necessary in order to communicate and make your point effectively.110
7587169799AdynatonA particular form of hyperbole in which an exaggeration is taken to a ridiculous and literally impossible extreme, such as 'when pigs fly.'111
7587173130AnadiplosisA rhetorical device in which a repeated word or phrase is used both at the end of one sentence or clause and at the beginning of the next. As with practically all rhetorical devices, William Shakespeare liked using it ("She being none of your flesh and blood, your flesh and blood has not offended the king"), but you can thank George Lucas for what is now probably the best-known example: "Fear leads to anger. Anger leads to hate. Hate leads to suffering."112
7587189146AntiprosopopoeiaA figure of speech in which a person is compared to an inanimate object. Examples are "a doormat", "a tank", "a firecracker", "a mattress", ect.113
7587215759DialogismusWhen the speaker ends up talking not as themselves just for rhetorical effect, such as "I bet that guy's thinking, 'what am I doing here?'"114
7587228568Sententiaquoting a maxim or wise saying to apply a general truth to the situation, thereby offering a single statement of general wisdom. Example: Perhaps we should all remember what Stephen King once said, "The road to hell is paved with adverbs."115
7587233793Epizeuxisthe immediate repetition of words for emphasis. Example: The answer to that question is no, no, no, a thousand times no.116
7587237184Aporiaexpressing doubt about an idea, conclusion, or position.117
7729363445SynthesisTo combine two or more elements to form a new whole.118
7984188082ApotheosisThe highest point in the development of something; culmination or climax.119
8129227962MeiosisA euphemistic figure of speech that intentionally understates something or implies that it is lesser in significance or size than it really is.120
8129229087AuxesisIn rhetoric, it refers to varying forms of increase: hyperbole (overstatement): intentionally overstating a point, its importance, or its significance. climax (ascending series): a series of clauses of increasing force.121

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