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AP Language: Last Minute Review Flashcards

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9942219893rhetoricAristotle defined this term as "the faculty of observing in any given case the available means of persuasion." In other words, it is the art of finding ways of persuading an audience.0
9942219894speakerThe person or group who creates the text. This might mean a politician who delivers a speech, a commentator who writes an article, an artist who draws a political cartoon, or a company that commissions an advertisement.1
9942219895subjectThe topic of a text. What the text is about.2
9942219896occassionThe time and place a speech is given or a piece of writing.3
9942219897audienceThe listener, viewer, or reader of a text. Most texts are likely to have multiple audiences.4
9942219898purposeThe goal the speaker wants to achieve.5
9942219899styleThe choices in diction, tone, and syntax that a writer makes. Style may be conscious or unconscious.6
9942219900logosGreek for "embodied thought." Speakers appeal to logos, or reason, by offering clear, rational ideas and using specific details, examples, facts, statistics, or expert testimony to back them up.7
9942219901ethosGreek for "character." Speakers appeal to ethos to demonstrate that they are credible and trustworthy to speak on a given topic. Ethos is established by both who you are and what you say.8
9942219902rhetorical appealsRhetorical techniques used to persuade an audience by emphasizing what they find most important or compelling. The three major appeals are to ethos (character), logos (reason), and pathos (emotion).9
9942219903pathosGreek for "suffering" or "experience." Speakers appeal to pathos to emotionally motivate their audience. More specific appeals to pathos might play on the audience's values, desires, and hopes, on one hand, or fears and prejudices, on the other.10
9942219904toneA speaker's attitude toward a subject as conveyed by the speaker's stylistic and rhetorical choices.11
9942282021Aphorisma brief, cleverly worded statement that makes a wise observation about life; a pithy truth.12
9942292314Colloquialisman expression that is usually only accepted in informal situations and certain locations; slang.13
9942310611syntaxthe grammatical relationship of words to each other14
9942347800imagerylanguage that appeals to the senses15
9942383138Argumentclaim and evidence16
9942385246Rhetorical AnalysisThe systematic breakdown of an argument17
9942409419Argument EssayAn organized response using claim and evidence18
9942568688Intellectual CapitalMy thoughts and experiences used to navigate academic situations19
9942682528SynthesisA blended argument based on what "they say."20
9942746717zeugmaa figure of speech in which a word applies to two others in different senses (e.g., John and his license expired last week ) or to two others of which it semantically suits only one (e.g., with weeping eyes and hearts ).21

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