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AP Language list 4 Flashcards

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11534112125AssertionThe writer's claim; an empathetic statement one must prove0
11534118168AnecdoteA short, simple narrative of an incident; often used for humorous effect or to make a point1
11534125798Point of ViewThe perspective from which a story is presented; common ones include the following; First person narrator Stream of Consciousness Omniscent Limited Omniscent Objective Second person2
11534144340Figurative LanguageLanguage that contains figures of speech, such as similes and metaphors, in order to create associations that are imaginative rather than literal3
11534153108ChrhonologyAn order of events; a list of events; the study of the order in which things occur; this is often part of the pattern of development of process analysis4
11534168334Ad HominemIn an argument, this is an attack on the person rather than on the opponent's ideas. It comes from the Latin meaning "against the man;" simply pit, this is when a writer personally attacks his or her opponents instead of their arguments.5
11534186022Empirical ClaimA claim or assertion that is based on data such as facts, detailed and provable observations, data, and experimentation. An empirical claim makes a statement that is not based on opinion.6
11534205421Logical FallacyA mistake in reasoning7
11534207633CounterclaimAn argument that challenges another argument; a fact or opinion that challenges the reasoning behind somebody's proposal and shows that there are grounds for taking an opposite view8
11534227726GeneralizationWhen a writer bases a claim upon an isolated example or asserts that a claim is certain rather than probable. These occur when a writer asserts that a claim applies to all instances instead of some.9
11534239172CounterproposalA proposal that is written in response to one that is unsatisfactory10
11534244012DisclaimerA statement that denies something, especially responsibility11
11534250916EruditeHaving or showing great knowledge/learning12
11534256192ProseOne of the major divisions of genre, prose refers to fiction and nonfiction, including all its forms. In prose the printer determines the length of the line; in poetry, the poet determines the length of the line.13
11534266190QualificationA limitation on the range or precision of a claim which often expresses degrees of confidence or probability; a statement that is no absolute; it acknowledges the merits of an opposing view by develops a stronger case for its own.14
11534283020EquivocalA half-truth, or statement that is partially correct bu;t that purposefully obscures the entire truth, this happens when the writer makes use of a word's multiple meanings and changes the meanings in the middle of the argument without telling the audience about the shift. Often when we use vague or ambiguous words like "right" for "moral" we can do this without intending to.15
11534305981ParadoxA statement that seems to contradict itself but that turns out to have a rational meaning or to contain the truth.16
11534314251Concrete DetailLanguage that describes specific, observable things, people, or places, rather than ideas or qualities.17
11534341965ParallelismThe technique of arranging words, phrases, clauses, or longer structures by placing them side by side and making them similar in form. It may be as simple as listing two or three modifiers in a row to describe the same noun or verb; it may take the form of two or more of the subordinate clause that modify the same noun or verb. It also adds balance and rhythm and, most importantly, clarity to the sentence.18
11534369668ExhortationAn address or communication (speech, letter, etc.) emphatically urging someone to do something19
11534381276Laudatorypraiseworthy; admirable20
11534384430Stridentnoisy, forceful, persuasive21
11534388413RefutesTo prove something wrong through logical argument or by providing evidence to the contrary; to deny something.22
11534444712ColloquialA word or phrase (including slang) used in everyday conversation and informal writing but that is often inappropriate in formal writing ("y'all, ain't, She's got three kids", "You could of come if you wanted to.")23
11534474094SpeculativeHypothetical; theoretical; projected24
11534478040ContrastA pattern of organization in which two things are juxtaposed to highlight their similarities and differences which often reveals insights into the nature of the information being analyzed.25

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