Terms : Hide Images
| 9804597459 | Ad hominem | Attacking the individual presenting the argument rather than the argument itself | 0 | |
| 9804600259 | Begging the question | The writer or speaker assumes the statement under examination to be true. | 1 | |
| 9804617624 | False Dichotomy/ False dilemma/ Either-or thinking | Reducing an issue to only have to two possible solutions | 2 | |
| 9804630930 | Faulty assumption | An incorrect connection between the evidence and the conclusion. | 3 | |
| 9804630931 | Non sequitur | An inference or conclusion that does not follow from established premises or evidence. | 4 | |
| 9804643581 | Post hoc, ergo propter hoc | Confusing chance or coincidence with causation. Because one event follows the other doesn't mean the first caused the second. | 5 | |
| 9804643582 | Red herring | A distraction inserted to an argument. | 6 | |
| 9804648928 | Slippery slope | A faulty assumption that one thing will follow the other, where the two events are usually out of proportion. | 7 | |
| 9804651619 | Sunk Cost Fallacy | The idea that a course of action or outcome is inevitable given previous investments. | 8 | |
| 9804682705 | Anecdotal | Using vague reference to personal experience to make it validate their own arguments. | 9 | |
| 9804996899 | Bandwagon | An appeal to popularity where once many people start doing something, other people want to join in. | 10 | |
| 9805003161 | Black or White Fallacy | When we illegitimately limit the number of alternatives available. | 11 | |
| 9805012858 | Cherry Picking | Using "cherry-picked" evidence or finding a data pattern that explicitly suits your argument, while withholding the data that would counter your argument. | 12 | |
| 9805020499 | Circular Argument | Restating an argument instead of proving it. | 13 | |
| 9805025672 | Dogmatism | When only one opinion is considered, and is presented as the only conclusion. | 14 | |
| 9805038025 | Equivocation Fallacy | The use of a term or phrase considered key to the argument in an ambiguous manner, so it can have different meanings in different portions of the argument to suit a specific viewpoint. | 15 | |
| 9805046707 | Faulty Analogy | When an extended comparison between two concepts or objects is inaccurate because although they may be alike in one respect, they are not necessarily alike in another respect. | 16 | |
| 9805053130 | Glittering Generality | An emotionally appealing phrase that is vague enough to appeal to universal values without making any actual points. | 17 | |
| 9805059701 | Hasty Generalization | A conclusion that is based upon insufficient or biased evidence. It is rushed to without all the relevant facts being known. | 18 | |
| 9805062832 | Loaded question | A question was asked that had a presumption built into it so that it cannot be answered without appearing guilty. | 19 | |
| 9805067869 | McNamara Fallacy | Ignoring all factors other than quantitative observations when making a decision. | 20 | |
| 9805081855 | Oversimplification | Making a complicated issue seem very simple by using simple terms or suppressing information. | 21 | |
| 9805097259 | Stacking the Deck | The "stacking of the deck" by ignoring facts that would undermine the point being made. Different from a hasty generalization in that it implies deliberate ignorance rather than accidental logical error. | 22 | |
| 9805107865 | Inscrutability Fallacy | When an individual attempts to prove a point by overwhelming the audience with marginally-relevant facts, statistics, words, or other pieces of information that have no causal links between them. The audience is expected to be impressed without truly understanding the central argument | 23 |
