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AP language midterm Flashcards

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8613055985papallelismusing same grammatical structure for similar items (schemes involving balance) "he likes to swim, read, and meditate"0
8613077123anthesiswhen parallelism is used to juxtapose words, phrases, or clauses that contrast (schemes involving balance) "place your virtues on a pedestal; place your vices under a rock"1
8613097397antimetabolea scheme similar to antithesis in which words are repeated in different grammatical forms (schemes involving balance) "ask not what your country can do for you- ask what you can do for your country"2
8613108190chiasmusused interchangeably with 'antimetabole': a scheme similar to antithesis in which words are repeated in different grammatical forms (schemes involving balance)3
8613118636parenthesisinsertion of a material that interrupts the typical flow of a sentence (schemes involving interruption) "the woman (actually my sister) screamed at us to leave"4
8613139908appositivewords a writer uses to interrupt the sentence to provide necessary on the spot information (schemes involving interruption) "my guest, the national tennis champion, naturally beat me 6-0"5
8613151472aphorisma short saying embodying a general truth or astute observation (schemes involving interruption) "no pain without gains"6
8613163112anecdoteshort account of an event or incident told for a specific reason (schemes involving interruption)7
8613170018digression/ asidetemporary departure from the topic (schemes involving interruption)8
8613171216ellipseany omission of words the meaning of which is provided by the overall content of the passage (schemes involving omission) "in a hockey game if you pass the puck to the wing, and he to you, then you can score" (omits the word 'passes')9
8613185199anaphorarepetition at beginning of successive sentences (schemes involving repetition)10
8613198536epistropherepetition of a group of words at the end of successive clauses (schemes involving repetition) "i thought like an athlete; i trained like an athlete; i ate like an athlete"11
8613207050alliterationrepetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words (schemes involving repetition) "a strenuous, satisfying sport"12
8613214206assonancerepetition of a vowel sound in words that don't rhyme (schemes involving repetition) "a kind, reliable, right minded man"13
8613219353anadiplosisrepetition of the last words pf one clause at the beginning of the following clause (schemes involving repetition) "mental preparation leads to training; training builds muscle; muscle produces excellence"14
8613229566climaxrepetition of words, phrases, or clauses in order of importance (schemes involving repetition) "excellent athletes need to be respectful of themselves, their teammates, their schools, and their communities"15
8613242618tauntologyneedless repetition that adds nothing to meaning (schemes involving repetition) "widow woman, free gift"16
8613247723allusionan unexplained reference to literature, mythology, or religion (tropes- any artful variation from the typical or expected way a word or idea is expressed) "here's to the red, white, and blue"17
8613261426analogyextended comparison of two dissimilar things for special effect, such as the heart to a pump (tropes- any artful variation from the typical or expected way a word or idea is expressed)18
8613265357epithetadjective or phrase applied to a person or thing to emphasize a quality of attribute (tropes- any artful variation from the typical or expected way a word or idea is expressed) "richard the lion-hearted"19
8613272750metaphorcomparison between 2 dissimilar things not using like or as (tropes- any artful variation from the typical or expected way a word or idea is expressed) "making these flash cards is hell"20
8613276940similea comparison using like or as (tropes- any artful variation from the typical or expected way a word or idea is expressed) "making these flash cards is as boring as watching paint dry"21
8613285844metanymyan entity is referred to beyond its attributes (tropes- any artful variation from the typical or expected way a word or idea is expressed) "the white house announces..."22
8613292648synecdochea part of something used to refer to the whole (tropes- any artful variation from the typical or expected way a word or idea is expressed) "i have a new set of wheels"23
8613296161personificationgiving human characteristics to inanimate objects (tropes- any artful variation from the typical or expected way a word or idea is expressed) "these flashcards passed my midterm for me"24
8613305677apostrophe'a type of personification' the act of speaking directly to an absent or imaginary person, object, or abstraction (tropes- any artful variation from the typical or expected way a word or idea is expressed) "where is deaths sting"25
8613312997antonomasia'aka periphrasis' use of a descriptive word or phrase to refer to a proper noun (substitutions) "big apple for NYC"26
8613322446euphemismlanguage used to substitute for words that may be found offensive or upsetting (substitutions) "he passed on (instead of 'died')"27
8613329271punplay on words, usually for humorous effect (wordplays)28
8613349448onomatopoeiasounds referring to a meaning (wordplays) "tick tock; bang; splat"29
8613354976zeugmaa single word connects two unrelated words (wordplays) "he stole my heart and my car that fateful night"30
8613358826hyperboleon overstatement (overstatement/ understatement) "i ate so much i gained 50 pounds"31
8613365987litotesan understatement (overstatement/ understatement) "my parents were not pleased when i arrived home two hours past my curfew"32
8613374560rhetorical questionquestion without an answer but to move forward in the development of an idea (semantic inversions) "33
8613382763ironywords intending the opposite of what is meant (semantic inversions) "thats a great diet '@someone eating cake'"34
8613388146oxymoronwords placed near each other that have contradictory meanings (semantic inversions) "tough love; jumbo shrimp; pretty ugly"35
8613393702paradoxseemingly self-contradictory statement that also makes sense (semantic inversions) "children are the poor persons wealth"36

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