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AP Language Rhetorical Devices Flashcards

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6673881721AllegoryThe device of using character and/or story elements symbolically to represent an abstraction in addition to the literal meaning.0
6673881722AlliterationThe repetition of sounds, especially initial consonants in two or more neighboring words (as in "she sells sea shells).1
6673881723AllusionA direct or indirect reference to something which is presumably commonly known, such as an event, book, myth, place, or work of art.2
6673881724AmbiguityThe multiple meanings, either intentional or unintentional, of a word, phrase,sentence, or passage.3
6673881726AnaphoraOne of the devices of repetition, in which the same expression (word or words) is repeated at the beginning of two or more lines, clauses, or sentences.4
6673881727AnecdoteA short narrative detailing particulars of an interesting episode or event. The term most frequently refers to an incident in the life of a person.5
6673881728AntecedentThe word, phrase, or clause referred to by a pronoun.6
6673881729AntithesisFigure of balance in which two contrasting ideas are intentionally juxtaposed, usually through parallel structure; a contrasting of opposing ideas in adjacent phrases, clauses, or sentences.7
6673881730AphorismA terse statement of known authorship which expresses a general truth or a moral principle.8
6673881732AsyndetonConsists of omitting conjunctions between words, phrases, or clauses. This can give the effect of unpremeditated multiplicity, of an extemporaneous rather than a labored account.9
6673881734ChiasmusA figure of speech in which two successive phrases or clauses are parallel in syntax, but reverse the order of the analogous words.10
6673881735ClauseA grammatical unit that contains both a subject and a verb.11
6673881736ColloquialismThe use of slang or informalities in speech or writing.12
6673881738ConnotationThe non-literal, associative meaning of a word; the implied, suggested meaning.13
6673881739DenotationThe strict, literal, dictionary definition of a word, devoid of any emotion attitude, or color.14
6673881740Dictionwriter's word choices, especially with regard to correctness, clearness, or effectiveness.15
6673881741ExpletiveFigure of emphasis in which a single word or short phrase, usually interrupting normal speech16
6673881742EuphemismA more agreeable or less offensive substitute for a generally unpleasant word or concept.17
6673881743ExpositionThe purpose is to explain something. In drama, it is the introductory material, which creates the tone, gives the setting, and introduces the characters and conflict.18
6673881744Extended MetaphorA metaphor developed at great length, occurring frequently in or throughout the work.19
6673881745Figurative LanguageWriting or speech that is not intended to carry literal meaning and is usually meant to be imaginative and vivid.20
6673881748HyperboleA figure of speech using deliberate exaggeration or overstatement.21
6673881749ImageryThe sensory details or figurative language used to describe, arouse emotion, or represent abstractions.22
6673881750IronyThe contrast between what is stated explicitly and what is really meant.23
6673881751JuxtapositionWhen two words, phrases, images, ideas are placed close together or side by side for comparison or contrast.24
6673881752Litotesa figure of thought in which a point is affirmed by negating its opposite. It is a special form of understatement, where the surface denial serves, through ironic contrast, to reinforce the underlying assertion. Ex. He's no fool (which implies he is wise).25
6673881753MetaphorA figure of speech using implied comparison of seemingly unlike things or the substitution of one for the other, suggesting some similarity.26
6673881754MetonymyA figure of speech in which the name of one object is substituted for that of another closely associated with it. A news release that claims "the White House declared" rather that "the President"27
6673881755Moodthe feelings or emotions of the text for the reader28
6673881756OnomatopoeiaA figure of speech in which natural sounds are imitated in the sounds of words. Simple examples include such words as buzz, hiss, hum, crack, whinny, and murmur.29
6673881757OxymoronA figure of speech wherein the author groups apparently contradictory terms to suggest a paradox.30
6673881758ParadoxA statement that appears to be self-contradictory or opposed to common sense but upon closer inspection contains some degree of truth or validity.31
6673881759ParallelismIt refers to the grammatical or rhetorical framing of words, phrases, sentences, or paragraphs to give structural similarity.32
6673881760ParodyA work that closely imitates the style or content of another with the specific aim of comic effect and/or ridicule.33
6673881761PersonificationA figure of speech in which the author presents or describes concepts, animals, or inanimate objects by endowing them with human attributes or emotions.34
6673881762RepetitionThe duplication, either exact or approximate, of any element of language, such as a sound, word, phrase, clause, sentence, or grammatical pattern.35
6673881763SarcasmInvolves bitter, caustic language that is meant to hurt or ridicule someone or something.36
6673881764SatireA work that targets human vices and follies or social institutions and conventions for reform or ridicule.37
6673881765SyllogismDeductive system of formal logic that presents two premises (the first one called "major" and the second, "minor") that inevitably lead to a sound conclusion. A frequently cited example proceeds as follows; Major premise: All men are mortal Minor premise: Socrates is a man. Conclusion: Therefore, Socrates is mortal.38
6673881766SymbolismUsually something concrete - such as object, action, character, or scene - that represents something more abstract.39
6673881767SyntaxThe way an author chooses to join words into phrases, clauses, and sentences.40
6673881768ToneDescribes the author's attitude toward his material, the audience, or both.41
6673881769UnderstatementThe ironic minimizing of fact42
6673924603synecdochea figure of speech in which a part stands for a whole43

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