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AP Language Rhetorical Strategies Flashcards

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6177575367Allusionshort reference to a famous thing; ex: reference to bible, famous literature, mythology0
6177596129amplificationembellishes the sentence by adding more information to it in order to increase its worth and understandability.1
6177623189anadiplosisfear leads to anger, anger leads to hate, hate leads to suffering2
6177633947anaphoraRepetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive sentences or clauses.3
6177656083anastrophespeech inversion4
6177664004anecdotea short account of an incident or event5
6177695087antanagogea negative point is balanced with a positive one (how I talk to my mother about racism)6
6177703601antistropherepetition of words at the end of successive phrases or sentences7
6177708878antimetabolethe arrangement of a phrase so that the first part means once thing and the second part means the opposite but using the same words; ex: "eat to live, not live to eat."; "ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country."8
6177736444antithesiscontrast w/in a sentence; ex: "one small step for man, one giant step for mankind."9
6177763038aphorismA saying or expression; ex: "Oh yes the past can hurt. But, you run from it or learn from it."10
6177769521aporiaan expression of doubt. "to be or not to be"11
6177776533apostrophewhen a speaker breaks off from addressing one party and instead addresses a third party. This third party may be an individual, either present or absent in the scene; ex: "O holy night! The stars are brightly shining!"12
6177818139appositiveAn appositive phrase is a noun phrase that identifies or renames another noun phrase directly before or after it. For example, you might say, "I'm going to see my dentist, Dr. Parkins."13
6177844266archaic diction/ archaismusing words from an earlier time period; "he stoppeth"14
6177863729apostrophesome absent or nonexistent person or thing is addressed as if resent and capable of responding15
6177875702asyndetonomission of conjunctions b/w parts f a sentence; "I saw lightning, fast, bright, right before my eyes."16
6177882201biased languagewords and phrases that can be considered prejudiced, offensive, and hurtful; "american is the greatest country."17
6177890203chiasmusrepeating ideas in opposite order; "fair is foul, foul is fair"; "Life is music and music is a part of life."18
6177903094colloquialismusing phrases or words in an informal was instead off forms way. "she's out" instead of "she's not home"19
6177909340conduplicatiorepeating words20
6177912781doublespeakuse of words to deceive and twist what is meant by the speaker to cloak the truth ; language that can be understood in more than one way to trick people. "we killed 50 people with the PRE-EMPTIVE STRIKE on our enemy yesterday."21
6177952728isocolon (tricolon)a figure of speech where two clauses contain parallel thoughts or ideas. "I came; I saw; I conquered.", "the stronger they were, the harder they fell."22
6177971645litoteswhen you say something positive but you mean it in a negative way "Wow you're so good painting. My four year old niece can paint better than that."23
6177981613metabasisswitching from one topic to another24
6177988580enumeratiousing an immense amount of examples or lists to prove a point25
6177994129epigramsort concise statement that makes an interesting observation about the world. "speech is silver but silence is golden."26
6178010454epigrapha quote at the beginning of a literary work or one of its divisions to suggest its theme. usually a quote form a famous person. (think quotes at the beginning of Dune.)27
6178019388epistropherepeating certain word at the end of a phrase for dramatic effect; "Of the people, by the people, for the people."28
6178031519epithetan adjective used to describe a person or thing. "His midnight blue eyes could make any girl fall for him."; "The snotgreen sea. The scrotumtightening sea."29
6178052471euphemismreplacement of a possibly rude statement with a more gentle and inoffensive phrase or expression.: "passed away" rather than "died"30
6178072542eponyma person whom a a place, thing, or era was named after. ex: elizabethan era was named after queen elizabeth31
6178085970hendiadyswhen a complex idea (usually two nouns) are joined by a conjunction (usually "and") EX: He cam despite the ran and weather instead of "He came despite the rainy weather." or We were sweating profusely in the heat and sun. instead of "We were sweating profusely in the hot midday sun."32
6178142569hyperbatonthe movement of words from their original order... kinda like anastrophe "winter kept us warm, covering." "Earth is forgetful snow, feeding."33
6178167683hypophoraWhen speaker asks a question and then immediately answers it "There are those who are asking the devotees of civil rights, "When will you be satisfied?" We can never be satisfied as long as the Negro is the victim of the unspeakable horrors of police brutality."34
6178173166parataxisthe placing or clauses or phrases one after another without coordinating or subordinating. "Maybe she's born with it. Maybe it's Maybelline." "Pork. The other white meat."35
6178230496metonymya figurative phrase that is used to stand in for another word. A type of "trope" "Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears." (ears used to describe listening)36
6178244734NominalizationA type or word formation in which a verb or an adjective is used as a noun "The scientists generated a report of their findings" --> the word "report" instead of using it as a verb with: "The scientists reported their findings."37
6178411270parallelismsimilarity in syntactical structure38
6178415521parenthetical expressionan expression that is added into a sentence, even through it is not part of the main idea "The tortoise, as we know, has not been around for thousands of years." "The aim of this meeting, ladies and gentlemen, is to come to an agreement."39
6178447917paronomasiato make a word has different possible meanings; word play; funny language. "I use to tap dance until i fell in the sink."40
6178455153pleonasmusing several more words than needed to describe an object or idea; to use more obvious words then needed to fully get your meaning across "all this I saw with my own eyes, and it was the most fearsome sight I ever witnessed." "ATM machine, HIV virus, RAM memory"41
6178471989polysyndetonthe use of a number of conjunctions in close succession "When you are harried by day and haunted by night by the fact that you are Negro, living constantly at tiptoe stance, never quite knowing what to expect next, and are plagued with inner fears and other resentments;..." "We did our homework, watched television, and went to bed."42
6178488419Procatalepsis (Prebuttal)rating an objection to one's own argument and then answering it "It is difficult to see how a pilot boat could be completely immune to capsizing or plunging, but pilot boat design criteria must meet the needs of the industry and pilotage authorities."43
6178503975racist languagewhiting or speech that shows prejudice to other races "Take up the white man's burden..."44
6178513874rhetorical questiona questioned asked just for the effect with no answer expected "Marriage is a wonderful institution, but who would want to live in an institution?"45
6178523655sententialA word or short phrase emphasizing the word immediately after it. "But the lake was not, in fact, drained before April." "The internet is, without a doubt, one of the most effective means of communication and gossip."46
6178534863syllogismtwo phrases followed by a logical conclusion based on those two phrases "every virtue is laudable; kindness is a virtue; therefore kindness is laudable."47
6178544688symplocewhen the beginning and end of two parts of a sentence have the same phrase. "When there is talk of hatred, let us stand up and talk against it. When there is talk of violence, let us stand up and talk against it." "Even when it hurts we don't give up, even when we don't want to continue the don't give up."48
6178568020Synesthesiadescribing one sense to explain another "frozen silence" "bitter cold" "warm colors"49
6178600324sexist languagelanguage used that sis biased toward and offensive about either gender, or that subtly disregards one of the genders "Honey, ladies are bad drivers."50
6178608979synecdochea part is used to represent a whole "all hands on deck!" "..was on in the market for a new set of wheels." "Take thy face sense!"51
6178614665syntaxchanging the order of words to give a different meaning "colorless green ideas sleep furiously."52
6178629860taboo languagewords and phrases that are generally considered inappropriate in certain contexts "Life does not stop and start at your convenience, you miserable piece of shit."53
6178637002tautologyneedless repetition of the same sense in different words "I want to live while I am alive" "With malice toward none, with charity toward all."54
6178644803understatementmaking something seem less important than it actually is. "The 1906 San Francisco earthquake interrupted business somewhat in the downtown area."55
6178655093zeugmaUsing a word that applies to two other words but in different senses, or applied logically to one one out of the two words; word distribution. "She arrived in a taxi and a flaming rage."56

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