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AP Language Rhetorical Terms

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24464524repetitionthe duplication, either exact or approximate, or any element of language, such as sound, word, phrase, clause, sentence, or grammatical pattern
24464525parodya work that closely imitates the style or content of another with the specific aim of comic effect and/or ridicule
24464526understatementthe opposite of exaggeration. it is a technique for developing irony and/or humor where one writes or says less than intended
24464527homilythis term literally means "sermon," but more informally, it can include any serious talk, speech, or lecture involving moral or spiritual advice
24464528colloquialismthe use of slang or informalities in speech or writing. not generally acceptable in formal writing; may include local or regional dialects
24464529denotationthe literal or dictionary meaning of a word
24464530antecedentthe word, phrase, or clause to which a pronoun refers
24464531satirea work that targets human vices and follies or social institutions and convention for reform or ridicule. regardless of whether or not the work aims to reform humans or their society, _____ is best seen as a style of writing rather than a purpose for writing. the effect of ____, often humorous, is thought provoking and insightful about the human condition
24464532figuative languagewriting or speech that is not intended to carry literal meaning and is usually meant to be imaginative and vivid
24464533invectivean emotionally violent, verbal denunciation or attack using strong, abusive language
24464534periodic sentencea sentence that presents its central meaning in a main clause at the end. the independent clause is precended by a phrase or clause that cannot stand alone. the effect is to add emphasis and structural variety
24464535logosan appeal based on logic or reason
24464536synecdochea figure of speech that utilizes a part as representative of the whole. "All hands on deck" is an example
24464537parallelismrefers to the grammatical or rhetorical framing of words, phrases, sentences, or paragraphs to give structural similarity
24464538verbal ironyin this type of irony, the words literally state the opposite of the writer's true meaning
24464539pathosand appeal based on emotion
24464540anaphorarepetition of a word, phrase, or clause at the beginning of two or more sentences in a row. this is a deliberate form of repetition and helps make the writer's point more coherent
24464541dictionthe author's choice of words that creates tone, attitude, and style, as well as meaning
24464542balancea situation in which all parts of the presentation are equal, whether in sentences or paragraphs or sections of a longer work
24464543authorityarguments that draw on recognized experts or persons with highly relevent experience

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