Terms : Hide Images
| 6745780239 | abstract | Refers to language that describes concepts rather than concrete images/objects |  | 0 |
| 6745780240 | allusion | A reference to something which is presumably commonly known, such as an event, book, myth, place, or work of art. These can be historical, literary, religious, topical, or mythical. |  | 1 |
| 6745780241 | analogy | A similarity or comparison between two different things OR the relationship between them. This explains something unfamiliar by associating it with or pointing out its similarity to something more familiar. This also makes writing more vivid, imaginative, or intellectually engaging. |  | 2 |
| 6745780242 | anecdote | A brief, engaging account of some happening, often biographical or personal. As a technique in writing, this is especially, effective in creating interesting essay introductions, and also an illuminating abstract concepts in the body of the essay. |  | 3 |
| 6745780243 | antecedent | The word, phrase, or clause referred to by a pronoun. The AP language exam occasionally asks what a given pronoun is referring to in a long, complex sentence or in a group of sentences. |  | 4 |
| 6745780244 | antithesis | The balancing of one idea or term against another for emphasis |  | 5 |
| 6745780245 | assumption | in argumentation is anything taken for granted or presumed to be accepted by the audience and therefore understated. This can be dangerous because the audience might not accept the idea implicit in them (circular reasoning, begging the question) |  | 6 |
| 6745780246 | colloquial language | Slang or common language that is informal |  | 7 |
| 6745780247 | connotation | An idea or feeling that a word invokes in addition to its literal or primary meaning, "shades of meaning" |  | 8 |
| 6745780248 | deductive reasoning | When a conclusion is reached by stating a general principle and then applying that principle to a specific case (The sun rises every morning; therefore, the sun will rise on Tuesday morning.) |  | 9 |
| 6745780249 | denotation | The dictionary definition of a word |  | 10 |
| 6745780250 | diction | the style of writing or speaking that is created by an author's word choice; word choice separates strong writers from weak writers; word choice should be accurate and appropriate for the context (On the AP exam, the context is formal, educational, sophisticated) |  | 11 |
| 6745780253 | fallacy | an error in logic or in the reasoning process. These occur because of vague development of ideas, lack of awareness of the speaker, or faulty assumptions about the proposition |  | 12 |
| 6745780255 | genre | a type or form of literature - for example, short fiction, novel, poetry, essay, letter, editorial, speech, etc. |  | 13 |
| 6745780256 | hyperbole | A figure of speech that uses exaggeration to express strong emotion, make a point, or evoke humor |  | 14 |
| 6745780259 | imagery | is clear, vivid description that appeals to the sense of sight, smell, touch, sound, or taste. |  | 15 |
| 6745780260 | inference | A conclusion reached on the basis of (text) evidence and reasoning |  | 16 |
| 6745780262 | irony | the use of language to suggest the opposite of what is stated. Writers use it to reveal unpleasant or troublesome realities that exist in life or to poke fun at human weaknesses and foolish attitude. |  | 17 |
| 6745780264 | juxtaposition | the placement of two things being close together (side by side) with contrasting effect |  | 18 |
| 6745780265 | logos | An appeal to reason. It occurs when a writer/speaker tries to convince the audience of his/her argument using facts and examples, and a generally rational tone to their language. The problem with this rhetorical strategy is that is can appear reasonable until you dissect the argument and then find fallacies that defeat the validity of the argument on the reader's eyes. |  | 19 |
| 6745780266 | ethos | an appeal to credibility. The writer/speaker is seeking to convince the audience that he or she has the background, history, skills, and/or expertise to speak on the issue. |  | 20 |
| 6745780267 | pathos | An appeal to the audience's emotions. Typically, these arguments may use loaded words to make the audience feel guilty, lonely, worried, insecure, or confused. |  | 21 |
| 6745780269 | metaphor | A figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to an object or action to which it is not literally applicable. |  | 22 |
| 6745780270 | mood | This evokes certain feelings or vibes in readers through words and descriptions. Usually, this is referred to as the "atmosphere" of a literary piece, as it creates an emotional situation that surrounds the readers |  | 23 |
| 6745780272 | objective vs. subjective tone | refers to the attitude that writers/speakers take toward their subject. When writers are objective, they try NOT to report their personal feelings about the subject; they attempt to be detached, impersonal and unbiased. Conversely, subjective writing reveals an author's personal attitudes and emotions. |  | 24 |
| 6745780273 | paradox | A statement that seems self-contradictory or absurd at first, but in reality expresses a possible truth. "I must be cruel to be kind" |  | 25 |
| 6745780274 | parallelism | Parallelism is the use of components in a sentence that are grammatically the same; or similar in their construction, sound, meaning or meter. |  | 26 |
| 6745780275 | purpose | is what the writer/speaker wants to accomplish in an essay/speech. "What does the author want his/her audience to do?" |  | 27 |
| 6745780276 | refutation | in argumentation is a method by which writers recognize and deal effectively with the arguments of their opponents. Their own argument will be stronger if they refute - prove false or weak - all opposing arguments. |  | 28 |
| 6745780277 | rhetoric | is the art of using words effectively in speaking or writing. |  | 29 |
| 6745780278 | rhetorical question | is a question asked only to emphasize a point, introduce a topic, or provoke thought; NOT seeking an actual answer from the group. |  | 30 |
| 6745780279 | satire | Writing or speech that criticizes human misconduct and ridicules vices, stupidities, and follies in individuals or society. |  | 31 |
| 6745780280 | style | The specific or unique manner of expression, execution, construction, or design of a writer's words. As a manner of expression of language, it is the unique way each writer/speaker expresses ideas. |  | 32 |
| 6745780281 | symbol | something - normally a concrete image - that exists, but also stands for something else or has a greater meaning. "What does Janie's hair represent?" |  | 33 |
| 6745780282 | tone | is the writer's attitude toward his or her subject or material. A writer's tone may be objective, subjective, comic, ironic, nostalgic, critical, reflective, etc. |  | 34 |
| 6745780283 | transition | is the linking of ideas in sentences, paragraphs, and larger segments of an essay in order to achieve coherence. |  | 35 |
| 6745780284 | understatement | the presentation of something as being smaller, worse, or less important than it actually is. |  | 36 |
| 6745780285 | voice | is the way you express your ideas to the reader, the tone you take in addressing your audience. This reflects your personality and attitude both towards the subject and your audience. |  | 37 |
| 6745780286 | syntax | The arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language. |  | 38 |
| 6745780287 | warrant | to give adequate reasons/justification for a claim |  | 39 |
| 6745780288 | qualify | to limit, modify, or restrict a claim in order to clarify its' validity |  | 40 |
