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| 11383991388 | chiasmus | A figure of speech in which two successive phrases or clauses are parallel in syntax, but reverse the order of the analogous words. | 0 | |
| 11383991389 | chiasmus | Ex. "The land was ours before we were the land's" - Robert Frost (N, V, Pro: Pro, V, N) "Pleasure's a sin, and sometimes sin's a pleasure" - Lord Byron | 1 | |
| 11383991390 | colloquialism | The use of slang or informalities in speech or writing. Not generally acceptable for formal writing | 2 | |
| 11383991391 | coherence | A principle demanding that the parts of any composition be arranged so that the meaning of the whole may be immediately clear and intelligible. | 3 | |
| 11383991392 | conceit | A fanciful expression, usually in the form of an extended metaphor or surprising analogy between seemingly dissimilar objects. Displays intellectual cleverness as a result of the unusual comparison being made. | 4 | |
| 11383991393 | connotation | The non-literal, associative meaning of a word; the implied, suggested meaning. | 5 | |
| 11383991394 | denotation | the dictionary definition of a word. | 6 | |
| 11383991395 | diacope | repetition of a word or phrase after an intervening word or phrase | 7 | |
| 11383991396 | diacope | Ex. We will do it, I tell you; we will do it. We give thanks to Thee, O God, we give thanks (Psalm 75:1) | 8 | |
| 11383991397 | didactic | Greek for "teaching". | 9 | |
| 11383991398 | enumeration | Figure of amplification in which a subject is divided into constituent parts or details, and may include a listing of causes, effects, problems, solutions, conditions, and consequences; the listing or detailing of the parts of something. | 10 | |
| 11383991399 | enumeration | Ex. I love her eyes, her hair, her nose, her cheeks, her lips. " "Who's gonna turn down a Junior Mint? It's chocolate; it's peppermint; it's delicious. . . It's very refreshing!" - Kramer (Seinfeld). | 11 | |
| 11383991400 | expletive | Figure of emphasis in which a single word or short phrase, usually interrupting normal speech, is used to lend emphasis to the words on either side | 12 | |
| 11383991401 | expletive | Ex. In fact, of course, to be sure, indeed, I suppose, I hope, you know, you see, clearly, in any event, in effect, certainly, remarkably. | 13 | |
| 11383991402 | euphemism | Greek for "good speech". A more agreeable or less offensive substitute for a generally unpleasant word or concept | 14 | |
| 11383991403 | euphemism | Ex: "He passed away" instead of "He's dead" | 15 | |
| 11383991404 | exposition | one of the four chief types of composition with the purpose of explaining something | 16 | |
| 11383991405 | extended metaphor | a comparison developed at great length, occurring frequently in or throughout the work | 17 | |
| 11383991406 | figure(s) of speech | Ex: hyperbole, metaphor, metonymy, oxymoron, synecdoche, simile | 18 | |
| 11383991407 | genre | any major category of literature | 19 | |
| 11383991408 | homily | literally means "sermon," but more informally can include an serious sermon, speech, or lecture involving moral or spiritual advice | 20 | |
| 11383991409 | clause | A grammatical unit that contains both a subject and a verb. | 21 | |
| 11383991410 | diction | A writer's or speaker's choice of words | 22 | |
| 11383991411 | description | One of the four modes of discourse in which the author/speaker appeals to the five senses | 23 | |
| 11383991412 | erudite | Scholarly, learned, bookish, pedantic tone | 24 | |
| 11383991413 | epistrophe | the repetition of a word at the end of successive clauses or sentences | 25 | |
| 11383991414 | epistrophe | EX: Abraham Lincoln's Gettysburg Address: "...and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth." | 26 | |
| 11383991415 | inference | To draw a reasonable conclusion from the information presented. | 27 | |
| 11383991416 | invective | an emotionally violent, verbal denunciation or attach using strong, abusive language | 28 | |
| 11383991417 | irony | The difference between what appears to be and what actually is true. | 29 | |
| 11383991418 | juxtaposition | When two words, phrases, images, ideas are placed close together or side by side for comparison or contrast. | 30 | |
| 11383991419 | litotes | From the Greek word "simple" or "plain." It's a figure of thought in which a point is affirmed by negating its opposite, an understatement where the surface denial serves, through ironic contrast, to reinforce the underlying assertion | 31 | |
| 11383991420 | litotes | Ex: He's no fool. | 32 | |
| 11383991421 | loose sentence | a type of sentence in which the main idea (independent clause) comes first, followed by independent grammatical units such as phrases and clauses. | 33 | |
| 11383991422 | metaphor | A figure of speech using implied comparison of seemingly unlike things or the substitution of one for the other, suggesting some similarity. | 34 | |
| 11383991423 | metonymy | A term from the Greek meaning "changed label" or "substitute name." | 35 | |
| 11383991424 | metonymy | Ex: A news release that claims, "the White House declared" rather that "the President declared" | 36 | |
| 11383991425 | narrative | the telling of a story or an account of an event or series of events | 37 | |
| 11383991426 | onomatopoeia | a figure of speech in which natural sounds are imitated in the sounds of words | 38 | |
| 11383991427 | onomatopoeia | Exs: his, buzz, hum, crack | 39 | |
| 11383991428 | oxymoron | From the Greek for "pointedly foolish"; a figure of speech where the author groups apparently contradictory terms | 40 | |
| 11383991429 | oxymoron | Ex: jumbo shrimp | 41 | |
| 11383991430 | genre | any major category of literature | 42 | |
| 11383991431 | hyperbole | exaggeration | 43 | |
| 11383991432 | hypophora | Figure of reasoning in which one or more questions is/are asked and then answered, often at length, by one and the same speaker | 44 | |
| 11383991433 | hypophora | Ex. "When the enemy struck on that June day of 1950, what did America do? It did what it always has done in all its times of peril. It appealed to the heroism of its youth." - Dwight D. Eisenhower | 45 | |
| 11383991434 | imagery | The sensory details or figurative language used to describe, arouse emotion, or represent abstractions. | 46 | |
| 11383991435 | meiosis | a combination of understatement and euphemism; a figure of speech which euphemistically refers to something, thereby lessening its significance | 47 | |
| 11383991436 | meiosis | Ex: calling the violence in Northern Ireland "The Troubles." | 48 | |
| 11383991437 | symbol | Anything that represents itself and stands for something else | 49 | |
| 11383991438 | synecdoche | A type of metaphor in which the part stands for the whole or the whole for a part | 50 | |
| 11383991439 | synecdoche | Ex. Farmer Joe has two hundred head of cattle , and three hired hands. If we had some wheels, I'd put on my best threads and ask for Jane's hand in marriage. | 51 | |
| 11383991440 | syntax | The way an author chooses to join words into phrases, clauses, and sentences. | 52 | |
| 11383991441 | theme | The central idea or message of a work, the insight it offers into life. | 53 | |
| 11383991442 | thesis | A sentence that expresses the author's opinion, purpose, meaning, or position. | 54 | |
| 11383991443 | tone | The writer/speaker's attitude toward his the text, the audience, or both. | 55 | |
| 11383991444 | transition | A word or phrase that links different ideas. | 56 | |
| 11383991445 | understatement | The ironic minimizing of fact | 57 | |
| 11383991446 | wit | Intellectually amazing language that surprises and delights | 58 | |
| 11383991447 | periodic sentence | A sentence that presents its central meaning in a main clause at the end. | 59 | |
| 11383991448 | periodic sentence | For example: "Ecstatic with my AP score, I let out a loud, joyful shout!" | 60 | |
| 11383991449 | personification | A figure of speech in which the author gives concepts, animals, or inanimate objects human qualities or emotions. | 61 | |
| 11383991450 | polysyndeton | The deliberate and excessive use of conjunctions in successive words or clauses. | 62 | |
| 11383991451 | polysyndeton | Ex: "It's [football] a way of life, really, to those particular people who are a part of it. It's more than a game, and regardless of what level it's played upon, it still demands those attributes of courage and stamina and coordinated efficiency and goes even beyond that for [it] is a means - it provides a mental and physical relaxation to everybody that watches it, like yourself." | 63 | |
| 11383991452 | prose | One of the major divisions of genre; refers to fiction and non-fiction | 64 | |
| 11383991453 | rhetorical question | Differs from hypophora in that it is not answered by the writer because its answer is obvious or obviously desired, and usually just a yes or no answer would suffice. | 65 | |
| 11383991454 | paradox | a statement that appears to be self-contradictory or opposed to common sense but is actually true and valid | 66 | |
| 11383991455 | parallelism | comes from the Greek roots meaning "beside one another"; refers to the grammatical or rhetorical framing of words, phrases, sentences, or paragraphs to give structural similarity | 67 | |
| 11383991456 | parallelism | Ex: "It was the best of times. It was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness..." | 68 | |
| 11383991457 | parody | a work that closely imitates the style or content of another with the specific aim of comic effect and/or ridicule | 69 | |
| 11383991458 | pedantic | an adjective that describes words, phrases, or general tone that is overly scholarly, academic, or bookish | 70 | |
| 11383991459 | personification | A figure of speech in which an object or animal is given human feelings, thoughts, or attitudes | 71 | |
| 11383991460 | personification | Ex: The delicious bread danced in my stomach. | 72 | |
| 11383991461 | sarcasm | From the Greek meaning "to tear flesh"; harsh, cutting language or tone intended to ridicule; may use irony | 73 | |
| 11383991462 | satire | A work that targets human vices and follies or social institutions and conventions for reform or ridicule. | 74 | |
| 11383991463 | allegory | The device of using character and/or story elements symbolically to represent an abstraction in addition to the literal meaning. | 75 | |
| 11383991464 | alliteration | Repetition of initial consonant sounds | 76 | |
| 11383991465 | allegory | Ex. "Animal Farm" George Orwell | 77 | |
| 11383991466 | alliteration | As in "she sells sea shells" | 78 | |
| 11383991467 | allusion | A direct or indirect reference to something which is presumably commonly known, such as an event, book, myth, place, or work of art. | 79 | |
| 11383991468 | allusion | Ex. "Plan ahead: it wasn't raining when Noah built the ark" | 80 | |
| 11383991469 | ambiguity | The multiple meanings, either intentional or unintentional, of a word, phrase, sentence, or passage. | 81 | |
| 11383991470 | analogy | A similarity or comparison between two different things or the relationship between them; may explain something unfamiliar by associating it with or pointing out its similarity to something more familiar. | 82 | |
| 11383991471 | analogy | Ex. "He that voluntarily continues ignorance is guilty of all the crimes which ignorance produces, as to him that should extinguish the tapers of a lighthouse might justly be imputed the calamities of shipwrecks." | 83 | |
| 11383991472 | anaphora | One of the devices of repetition, in which the same expression (word or words) is repeated at the beginning of two or more lines, clauses, or sentences. | 84 | |
| 11383991473 | anaphora | Ex. "They are masters who instruct us without rod or ferule, without angry words, without clothes or money." | 85 | |
| 11383991474 | antecedent | The word, phrase, or clause referred to by a pronoun. | 86 | |
| 11383991475 | antithesis | Ex: "He is no fool who gives what he cannot keep to gain that which he cannot lose" | 87 | |
| 11383991476 | antithesis | Figure of balance in which two contrasting ideas are intentionally juxtaposed, usually through parallel structure; a contrasting of opposing ideas in adjacent phrases, clauses, or sentences. | 88 | |
| 11383991477 | aphorism | A statement of known authorship which expresses a general truth or a moral principle. | 89 | |
| 11383991478 | apostrophe | A figure of speech that directly addresses an absent or imaginary person or a personified abstraction, such as liberty or love. It is an address to someone or something that cannot answer. | 90 | |
| 11383991479 | apostrophe | Ex. William Wordsworth addresses John Milton as he writes, "Milton, thou shouldst be living at this hour:/England hath need of thee." | 91 | |
| 11383991480 | asyndeton | Consists of omitting conjunctions between words, phrases, or clauses. | 92 | |
| 11383991481 | asyndeton | Ex. On his return he received medals, honors, treasures, titles, fame. They spent the day wondering, searching, thinking, understanding. | 93 | |
| 11383991482 | atmosphere | The emotional mood created by the entirety of a literary work, established partly by the setting and partly by the author's choice of objects that are described. | 94 |
