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| 9527496089 | allusion | A direct or indirect reference to something which is presumably commonly known, such as an event, book, myth, place, or work of art. Allusions can be historical, literary, religious, topical, or mythical. There are many more possibilities, and a work may simultaneously use multiple layers of allusion. |  | 0 |
| 9527496090 | analogy | A similarity or comparison between two different things or the relationship between them. An analogy can explain something unfamiliar by associating it with or pointing out its similarity to something more familiar. Analogies can also make writing more vivid, imaginative, or intellectually engaging. |  | 1 |
| 9527496091 | anecdote | is a brief, engaging account of some happening, often historical, biographical, or personal. As a technique in writing, anecdote is especially, effective in creating interesting essay introductions, and also an illuminating abstract concepts in the body of the essay. |  | 2 |
| 9527496092 | antecedent | The word, phrase, or clause referred to by a pronoun. The AP language exam occasionally asks for the antecedent of a given pronoun in a long, complex sentence or in a group of sentences. |  | 3 |
| 9527496093 | antithesis | is the balancing of one idea or term against another for emphasis |  | 4 |
| 9527496094 | assumption | in argumentation is anything taken for granted or presumed to be accepted by the audience and therefore understated. This can be dangerous because the audience might not accept the idea implicit in them (circular reasoning, begging the question) |  | 5 |
| 9527496095 | colloquial language | Slang or common language that is informal |  | 6 |
| 9527496096 | connotation | An idea or feeling that a word invokes in addition to its literal or primary meaning, "shades of meaning" |  | 7 |
| 9527496097 | deductive reasoning | reasoning in which a conclusion is reached by stating a general principle and then applying that principle to a specific case (The sun rises every morning; therefore, the sun will rise on Tuesday morning.) |  | 8 |
| 9527496098 | denotation | The dictionary definition of a word |  | 9 |
| 9527496099 | diction | the manner of expression in words, choice of words, or wording. Writers must choose vocabulary carefully and precisely to communicate a message and also to address an intended audience effectively. |  | 10 |
| 9527496100 | editorializing | To include personal opinions in a supposedly objective stories |  | 11 |
| 9527496101 | episodic | relates to the variety of narrative writing that develops through a series of incidents or events. |  | 12 |
| 9527496102 | fallacy | an error in logic or in the reasoning process. Fallacies occur because of vague development of ideas, lack of awareness of the speaker, or faulty assumptions about the proposition |  | 13 |
| 9527496103 | generalization | is a broad idea or statement. All generalizations require particulars and illustrations to support them. |  | 14 |
| 9527496104 | genre | a type or form of literature - for example, short fiction, novel, poetry, essay, letter, editorial, speech, etc. |  | 15 |
| 9527496105 | hyperbole | A figure of speech that uses exaggeration to express strong emotion, make a point, or evoke humor |  | 16 |
| 9527496106 | hypothesis | A supposition or proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation. |  | 17 |
| 9527496107 | hypothetic | based on an assumption or guess; used as a provisional or tentative idea to guide or direct investigation |  | 18 |
| 9527496108 | imagery | is clear, vivid description that appeals to the sense of sight, smell, touch, sound, or taste. |  | 19 |
| 9527496109 | inference | A conclusion reached on the basis of (text) evidence and reasoning |  | 20 |
| 9527496110 | interrogative sentences | A sentence that asks a question |  | 21 |
| 9527496111 | irony | the use of language to suggest the opposite of what is stated. Writers use it to reveal unpleasant or troublesome realities that exist in life or to poke fun at human weaknesses and foolish attitude. |  | 22 |
| 9527496112 | jargon | special words associated with a specific area or knowledge or a particular profession. Writers who employ jargon either assume that readers know the specialized terms or take care to define terms for the benefit of the audience. |  | 23 |
| 9527496113 | juxtaposition | the placement of two things being close together (side by side) with contrasting effect |  | 24 |
| 9527496114 | logos | An appeal to reason. It occurs when a writer tries to convince you of the logic of his argument using facts and examples, and a generally rational tone to their language. The problem with logos is that is can appear reasonable until you dissect the argument and then find fallacies that defeat the viability of the argument on the reader's eyes. Of course, that presupposes that the readers is able to identify the fallacies. |  | 25 |
| 9527496115 | ethos | an appeal to credibility. The writer is seeking to convince you that he or she has the background, history, skills, and/or expertise to speak on the issue. |  | 26 |
| 9527496116 | pathos | An appeal to emotion. Typically, pathos arguments may use loaded words to make you feel guilty, lonely, worried, insecure, or confused. The easiest way to remember whats pathos arguments are is to see most advertising as a form of pathos argument. |  | 27 |
| 9527496117 | loaded words | Words that are emotionally charged--either positively or negatively. |  | 28 |
| 9527496118 | metaphor | A figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to an object or action to which it is not literally applicable. |  | 29 |
| 9527496119 | mood | the creation of atmosphere in writing |  | 30 |
| 9527496120 | non sequitur | A statement that does not follow logically from evidence |  | 31 |
| 9527496121 | subjective/objective | writing refers to the attitude that writers take toward their subject. When writers are objective, they try not to report their personal feelings about the subject; they attempt to be detached, impersonal and unbiased. Conversely, subjective writing reveals an author's personal attitudes and emotions. |  | 32 |
| 9527496122 | paradox | A statement that seems self-contradictory or absurd but in reality expresses a possible truth. |  | 33 |
| 9527496123 | parallelism | Parallelism is the use of components in a sentence that are grammatically the same; or similar in their construction, sound, meaning or meter. |  | 34 |
| 9527496124 | purpose | is what the writer wants to accomplish in an essay. |  | 35 |
| 9527496125 | refutation | in argumentation is a method by which writers recognize and deal effectively with the arguments of their opponents. Their own argument will be stronger if they refute - prove false or weak - all opposing arguments. |  | 36 |
| 9527496126 | rhetoric | is the art of using words effectively in speaking or writing. |  | 37 |
| 9527496127 | rhetorical question | is a question asked only to emphasize a point, introduce a topic, or provoke thought, but not to elicit an answer. |  | 38 |
| 9527496128 | satire | A humorous literary work that criticizes human misconduct and ridicules vices, stupidities, and follies. |  | 39 |
| 9527496129 | style | is the specific or characteristic manner of expression, execution, construction, or design of a writer. As a manner or mode of expression of language, it is the unique way each writer handles ideas. |  | 40 |
| 9527496130 | symbol | is something - normally a concrete image - that exists in itself but also stands for something else or has a greater meaning. |  | 41 |
| 9527496131 | tone | is the writer's attitude toward his or her subject or material. A writer's tone may be objective, subjective, comic, ironic, nostalgic, critical, reflective, etc. |  | 42 |
| 9527496132 | transition | is the linking of ideas in sentences, paragraphs, and larger segments of an essay in order to achieve coherence. |  | 43 |
| 9527496133 | understatement | a method of making a weaker statement than is warranted by truth, accuracy, or importance. |  | 44 |
| 9527496134 | voice | is the way you express your ideas to the reader, the tone you take in addressing your audience. Voice reflects your personality and attitude both towards the subject and your audience. |  | 45 |
| 9527496135 | syntax | The arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language. |  | 46 |
| 9527496136 | warrant | to give adequate reasons/justification for a claim |  | 47 |
| 9527496137 | qualify | to limit, modify, or restrict a claim in order to clarify its' validity |  | 48 |
