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AP Language: Rhetorical Terms Flashcards

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12354868347Allegorya story, poem, or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning, typically a moral or political one0
12354868348AllusionBrief reference to a person, event, or place (real or fictitious) or to a work of art1
12354868349Anecdotea short amusing or interesting story about a real incident or person2
12354868350Antecedenta word, phrase, clause, or sentence to which another word (especially a following relative pronoun) refers3
12354868351Aphorisma pithy observation that contains a general truth4
12469927625Assertiona stylistic approach or technique involving a strong declaration, a forceful or confident and positive statement regarding a belief or a fact5
12354868352Caricaturea picture, description, or imitation of a person in which certain striking characteristics are exaggerated in order to create a comic or grotesque effect6
12354868353Clichea phrase or opinion that is overused and betrays a lack of original thought7
12354868354Colloquialisma word or phrase that is not formal or literary, typically one used in ordinary or familiar conversation8
12354868355Coherencethe quality of being logical and consistent9
12469957603Connotationan idea or feeling that a word invokes in addition to its literal or primary meaning10
12354868356Denotationthe literal or primary meaning of a word11
12354868357Dictionthe choice and use of words and phrases in speech or writing12
12354868358Figurative languageuses figures of speech to be more effective, persuasive, and impactful13
12354868359Foreshadowingbe a warning or indication of (a future event)14
12354868360Imageryvisually descriptive or figurative language, especially in a literary work15
12354868361Inferencea conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning16
12354868362Invectiveinsulting, abusive, or highly critical language17
12354868363Ironythe expression of one's meaning by using language that normally signifies the opposite, typically for humorous or emphatic effect18
12354868364Dramatic ironyirony that is inherent in speeches or a situation of a drama and is understood by the audience but not grasped by the characters in the play19
12354868365Situational ironyoccurs when incongruity appears between expectations of something to happen, and what actually happens instead20
12354868366Jargonspecial words or expressions that are used by a particular profession or group and are difficult for others to understand21
12354868367Juxtapositionthe fact of two things being seen or placed close together with contrasting effect22
12354868368Malapropismthe mistaken use of a word in place of a similar-sounding one, often with unintentionally amusing effect23
12354868369Mooda literary element that evokes certain feelings or vibes in readers through words and descriptions24
12354868370Motifa distinctive feature or dominant idea in an artistic or literary composition25
12354868371Parodyan imitation of the style of a particular writer, artist, or genre with deliberate exaggeration for comic effect26
12354868372Personificationthe attribution of a personal nature or human characteristics to something nonhuman, or the representation of an abstract quality in human form27
12354868373Point of viewthe narrator's position in relation to a story being told28
12354868374Rhetoricthe art of effective or persuasive speaking or writing, especially the use of figures of speech and other compositional techniques29
12354868375Rhetorical appealsdevices in rhetoric that classify the speaker's appeal to the audience30
12354868376Ethosan appeal to ethics31
12354868377Logosappeal to logic32
12354868378Pathosappeal to emotion33
12354868379Rhetorical trianglemethod to organize the three elements of rhetoric34
12354868380Satirethe use of humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticize people's stupidity or vices, particularly in the context of contemporary politics and other topical issues35
12354868381Syntaxthe arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language36
12354868382Tonean attitude of a writer toward a subject or an audience37
12354868383Transitionwords and phrases that provide a connection between ideas, sentences, and paragraphs38
12354868384Voicethe individual style in which a certain author writes his or her works39
12354868385Witform of intelligent humour, the ability to say or write things that are clever and usually funny40
12354868386Ambiguitya word, phrase, or statement which contains more than one meaning41
12354868387Apostrophewhen a speaker breaks off from addressing one party and instead addresses a third party. This third party may be an individual, either present or absent in the scene. It can also be an inanimate object, like a dagger, or an abstract concept, such as death or the sun.42
12354868388Ellipsisthe omission from speech or writing of a word or words that are superfluous or able to be understood from contextual clues43
12354868389Euphemisma mild or indirect word or expression substituted for one considered to be too harsh or blunt when referring to something unpleasant or embarrassing44
12354868390Hyperboleexaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally45
12354868391Idioma group of words established by usage as having a meaning not deducible from those of the individual words46
12354868392Litotesironic understatement in which an affirmative is expressed by the negative of its contrary47
12354868393Metaphora figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to an object or action to which it is not literally applicable48
12354868394Metonymythe substitution of the name of an attribute or adjunct for that of the thing meant49
12354868395Onomatopoeiathe formation of a word from a sound associated with what is named50
12354868396Oxymorona figure of speech in which apparently contradictory terms appear in conjunction51
12354868397Paradoxa seemingly absurd or self-contradictory statement or proposition that when investigated or explained may prove to be well founded or true52
12354868398Puna joke exploiting the different possible meanings of a word or the fact that there are words which sound alike but have different meanings53
12354868399Rhetorical questiona question asked in order to create a dramatic effect or to make a point rather than to get an answer54
12354868400Similea figure of speech involving the comparison of one thing with another thing of a different kind, used to make a description more emphatic or vivid55
12354868401Synecdochea figure of speech in which a part is made to represent the whole or vice versa56
12354868402Understatementthe presentation of something as being smaller, worse, or less important than it actually is57
12354868403Alliterationthe occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words58
12354868404Anaphorathe repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses59
12354868405Antithesisa figure of speech in which an opposition or contrast of ideas is expressed by parallelism of words that are the opposites of, or strongly contrasted with, each other,60
12354868406Appositiona relationship between two or more words or phrases in which the two units are grammatically parallel and have the same referent61
12354868407Assonancein poetry, the repetition of the sound of a vowel or diphthong in nonrhyming stressed syllables near enough to each other for the echo to be discernible62
12354868408Asyndetonthe omission or absence of a conjunction between parts of a sentence63
12354868409Chiasmusa rhetorical or literary figure in which words, grammatical constructions, or concepts are repeated in reverse order, in the same or a modified form64
12354868410Consonancethe recurrence of similar sounds, especially consonants, in close proximity65
12354868411Isocolona rhetorical device that involves a succession of sentences, phrases, and clauses of grammatically equal length66
12354868412Parallelisma balance within one or more sentences of similar phrases or clauses that have the same grammatical structure67
12354868413Polysyndetona stylistic device in which several coordinating conjunctions are used in succession in order to achieve an artistic effect68
12354868414Sarcasmthe use of irony to mock or convey contempt69
12354868415Subordinate clausea clause, typically introduced by a conjunction, that forms part of and is dependent on a main clause70
12354868416Verbal ironywhen words express something contrary to truth or someone says the opposite of what they really feel or mean71
12354868417Deductive reasoningreasoning in which a conclusion is reached by stating a general principle and then applying that principle to a specific case72
12354868418Inductive reasoninga type of logical thinking that involves forming generalizations based on specific incidents you've experienced, observations you've made, or facts you know to be true or false73
12354868419Enthymemean argument in which one premise is not explicitly stated74
12354868420Syllogisma kind of logical argument that applies deductive reasoning to arrive at a conclusion based on two or more propositions that are asserted or assumed to be true75
12354868421Ad hominema fallacious argumentative strategy whereby genuine discussion of the topic at hand is avoided by instead attacking the character, motive, or other attribute of the person making the argument, or persons associated with the argument, rather than attacking the substance of the argument itself76
12354868422Appeal to ignorancesserts that a proposition is true because it has not yet been proven false or a proposition is false because it has not yet been proven true77
12354868423Appeal to pitysomeone tries to win support for an argument or idea by exploiting his or her opponent's feelings of pity or guilt78
12354868424Argument from false authorityWhen a person making a claim is presented as an expert who should be trusted when his or her expertise is not in the area being discussed79
12354868425Bandwagon appealsThe argument that since something is popular or everybody is doing it, so should you80
12354868426Begging the questionoccurs when an argument's premises assume the truth of the conclusion, instead of supporting it81
12354868427Dogmatismthe tendency to lay down principles as incontrovertibly true, without consideration of evidence or the opinions of others82
12354868428EquivocationUsing an ambiguous term in more than one sense, thus making an argument misleading83
12354868429False dichotomysomething is falsely claimed to be an "either/or" situation, when in fact there is at least one additional option84
12354868430Faulty analogyassuming that because two things are alike in one or more respects, they are necessarily alike in some other respect85
12354868431Hasty generalizationa conclusion is not logically justified by sufficient or unbiased evidence86
12354868432Non sequitura conclusion or statement that does not logically follow from the previous argument or statement87
12354868433Post hococcurring or done after the event, especially with reference to the fallacious assumption that the occurrence in question has a logical relationship with the event it follows88
12354868434Red herringsomething, especially a clue, that is or is intended to be misleading or distracting89
12354868435Scare tacticsa strategy intended to manipulate public opinion about a particular issue by arousing fear or alarm90
12354868436Slippery slopean idea or course of action which will lead to something unacceptable, wrong, or disastrous91
12354868437Straw manan intentionally misrepresented proposition that is set up because it is easier to defeat than an opponent's real argument92
12354868438Argumenta reason or set of reasons given with the aim of persuading others that an action or idea is right or wrong93
12354868439Descriptiona spoken or written representation or account of a person, object, or event94
12354868440Narrationthe action or process of narrating a story95
12354868441Expositiona comprehensive description and explanation of an idea or theory96
12354868442Cause and effect analysisA method leading to the listing of all possible reasons and outcomes associated with a particular problem or situation97
12354868443Comparison and contrasta rhetorical or literary device in which a writer compares or contrasts two people, places, things, or ideas98
12354868444Definitionan exact statement or description of the nature, scope, or meaning of something99
12354868445Division and classificationgroups objects, people, or events into categories by the characteristics that they share100
12354868446Exemplificationa mode of symbolization characterized by the relation between a sample and what it refers to101
12354868447Process analysisa method of paragraph or essay development by which a writer explains step by step how something is done or how to do something102

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