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AP Language Running Notes Flashcards

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6669172876Anecdoteshort, simple narrative of an incident, often used for humorous effect or to make a point0
6669172877Argumentationwriting that attempts to prove validity of a point of view or an idea by presenting reasoned arguments: persuasive writing is a form of augmentation and is the focus of the AP lang and composition program.1
6669172878Allegoryextended narrative of an incident in prose or verse in which characters, events, and settings represent abstract qualities and in which the writer intends a second meaning to be read beneath the surface of the story; underlying meaning may be moral, religious, political, social or satiric.2
6669172879Annotationexplanatory notes added to a text to explain, cited resources, or give bibliographic data in Ap lang you will not demonstrate detailed annotation on most of your readings.3
6669172880Antithesispresentation of two contrasting images. ideas are balanced by word, phrase, cause, or paragraph. "to be or not to be" ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country.4
6669172881Rhetoricart of effective or persuasive writing with use of figure of speech and other compositional technique.5
6669172882Colloquialisma word or phrase (slang) used in everyday conversation and informal writing (y'all, aint, can't )6
6669172883Connotationwords suggesting implied meaning because of its association in a readers mind. Opposite of denotation7
6669172884Consonancerepetition of identical consonant sounds within two or more words, fulfill, ping pong.8
6669172885Caricaturedescriptive writing that greatly exaggerates of a specific feature of a persons appearance or a facet of personality.9
6669172886Coherencethe quality of a piece of writing in which all the parts contribute to the development of the central idea/ theme of organizing or organizing principle.10
6669172887Aphorismshort, often witty, statement of a principle or truth about life. Benjamin franklin was somewhat famous for these in poor Richard's almanac. Example "early bird gets the worm"11
6669172888Apostrophein poetry, sometimes in prose; the device of calling out to a imaginary, dead, or absent person or a place, thing, or personified abstraction.12
6669172889Cacophonyreferred to as dissonance, hard, awkward, or dissonant sounds used deliberately in poetry or prose; the opposite of euphony13
6669172890Connotation/Denotationdenotation is word definition. connotation is how word is perceived.14
6669172891Enumerationrhetoric device used for listing details or a process of mentioning words or phrases step by step. in fact, type of application or devision in which subjects is further distributed into compounds or parts. writers use this to clarify and detail understanding15
6669172892Analogya comparison in which an idea or a thing is compared to another thing that is quite different from it. aims at explaining that an idea or thing by comparing it to something that is familiar.16
6669172893Parallelismuse of compounds in a sentence that are grammatically the same; or similar in their construction, sound, meaning or meter. examples found in literary work and everyday convos.17
6669172894Allusionbrief and indirect reference to a person, thing, or idea of historical, cultural, literary, or political significance. doesn't describe in detail the person or thing to which it refer. just a passing comment and the writer expect reader to possess enough knowledge to spot allusion and grasp it importance in text.18
6669172895Metonymyfigure of speech that replace name of a thing with the name of something else with which it closely associated. we come across examples of metonymy both from lit and everyday life. don't confuse with metaphor as a metonymy isn't creating comparison19
6669172896Anaphorawriting or speech, deliberate repetition of the first part of the sentence in order to achieve an artistic effect is known as anaphora. anaphora is possibly the oldest literary device, has its roots in biblical psalms used to emphasize certain words or phrases. gradually Elizabethan and romantic writers brought this device into practice.20
6669172897Epistrophederived from greek word meaning turning upon; which indicate the same word turns at the end of the sentence. epistrophe is a stylistic device that can be defined as repetition of phrases and words at the end of clauses or sentences. it is also called epiphora. epistrophe examples are frequently in literary pieces in persuasive writing and speeches.21
6669172898Asyndetonderived from greek word meaning unconnected. stylistic device used in lit and poetry to eliminate conjunctions between phrases and in sentence, yet have grammatical accuracy. reduce indirect meaning of phrase and present in concise form. helps speed up rhythm of words. mostly used in speech but can be written22
6669172899Polysyndetoncomes from Greek word that means to bound together. make use of coordination conjunction like and, or, but,nor. which are used to joint successive words, phrases, or clauses in such a way that conjunctions are even used where might be omitted.23
6669172900Synecocheliterary device where a part of something represents the whole to represent the part. Ex. Bread refer to money or food.24
6669172901Toneattitude found writer toward subject or an audience. tone is conveyed through word choice.25
6669172902Process Analysisbreakdown of phrases of process. convey details on each phrase of thing, operation, etc. used to improve understanding and also break down a argument to make it more comprehensible.26
6669172903Syntaxset of rules in a language. dictates how words from different parts of speech are put together to convey complete thought. in plain English it means how we choose to arrange our words. choice of specific words are called dictation.27
6669172904provocative dictationdictation is our choice of words. thus, provocative dictation is purposeful choice of words serving or tending to provoke, excite, or stimulate a provocative question that frame a rhetoric arguments.28
6669172905classificationAction or process of classifying something according to shared qualities or characteristics. Strategy of argumentation or argumentative response in a effort to provide the reader with structure to your own argument. Consider to support both ethos and logos in argument29
6669172906UnderstatementA soccer team loses 50-0 and coach saids we didn't do well. This is a understatement because he trying to decrease intensity of the lost30
6669172907Colorful dictationConscious choice of words as writer. Very purposeful word choice that serve to accentuate meaning and tone31
6669172908Counter argumentArgument opposed to an idea develop in another argument. Mandatory to acknowledge other side to his or her argument. Refutation of someone else claim to support your own side of argument you are making32
6669172909ClaimSomeone gives argument to support his or her position. Different reasons are usually presented to prove why a certain point should be accepted33
6669172910EvidenceUse in forms of paraphrase and quotations. Present evidence to support claim34
6669172911WarrantHolds argument together. Links evidence to claim. Why your evidence support claim.35
6669172912FallacyErroneous argument dependent upon an unsound or illogical contention36
6669172913Logical fallacyIn argumentation, a formal fallacy is a pattern of reasoning/thinking rendered invalid by a flaw in its logical structure that can be neatly expressed in a standard logic system. For example proposition logic. Argument that is formally fallacious is always considered wrong37
6669172914ProphecyHas all the elements of prediction except time. Prophecy is hard to determine. More religious connotations since uncertain about time.38
6669172915PredictionForecast made to calculate parameters of the subject invoked after evaluation the odds they can predict. Weather forecast is good example because prediction is limited by time39
6669172916AdageShort, pointed and memorable saying base on facts, that consider veritable truth by majority. Famous ones popular due to usage over long periods of time40
6669172917PedanticSomeone who is concerned with precision, formalism, accuracy, minute detail in order to make arrogant show of learning. Pedantic often fix mistakes not important41
6669172918FlippantLacking respect or seriousness. Often associated with impatience of youth42
6669172919EvocativeLanguage that suggests meaning other than the Denotative. Language that connects emotions or feeling not associated with real meaning of word.43
6669172920Syntactical inversionSyntactic reversal of normal order of the words and phrases in a sentence. Placing of an adjective after the noun it modifies, a verb before its subject such as "came the dawn"44
6669172921AppositionGrammatical construction in which two events, normally noun phrases, are placed side by side, with one element serving to identify the other in a different way. The two elements are said to be in apposition45
6669172922DidacticLiterary texts that are overloaded with info or realistic matter marked by graceful and pleasing details. Lit that are dull. Some can be interesting.46
6669172923ConceitFig. Of speech where two dif. Objects likened together with help of similes and metaphors. Conceit examples have surprising or shocking effects on readers because they are novel comparisons unlike unconventional comparisons made in similes and metaphors.47
6669172924Periodic Sentencemain clause or predicate at the end. put reasons for something at the beginning before final point is made.48
6669172925Paradoxstatement that self contradictory or silly. Example- all animals are equal, but some are more equal than others.49
6669172926Ironyintended meaning is different than actual meaning of words.50
6669172927ParenthesisProvides extra info, interrupt syntactic flow of words, allow readers to pay attention to explanation51
6669172928SardonicGrimly mocking, sarcastic, satirical, mocking in a humorous manner. Tone word that describe writing that fits meeting.52
6669172929SattireExpose and criticize foolishness and corruptions of an individual or society using humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule.53
6669172930PolemicalRelating or involving controversial, critical, or disputatious writing or speech.54
6669172931AmbiguityWord, phrase, statement with one or more meaning. Skyler writers use it with purpose.55
6669172932ArchetypeUniversal symbol, may be character, theme, symbol or setting. Common and recurring representation in a particular culture56
6669172933Function of archetypeGives a literary work a universal acceptance, readers identify the characters and situation in their social and cultural context.57
6669172934Tragic flawTrait in a character leading to his downfall and the character is often the hero of the literary. Trait could be lack of judgment or lack of knowledge58
6669172935AssertionA statement investing strong belief. Assortment is a strong declaration or statement regarding belief or fact.59
6669172936AutobiographyTells a life story written by the author himself60
6669172937MemoirRecord of memories that happened in authors life61
6669172938Cumulative sentenceSentence that starts with a independent clause and provides main idea and then add subordinate elements or modifiers.62
6669172939Blank verse10 syllables that is not rhyming.63
6669172940ArchetypeUniversal symbol that may be a character or setting that is common and recurring in culture64
6669172941BildungsromanProtagonist gains maturity gradually and there a conflict between protagonist and values of society65
6669172942IllusionFalse belief that tricks brain into thinking it's real66
6669172943Free versePoetry that is free from limitations of rhyme and length67
6669172944FoilCharacter that shows qualities that are in contrast with qualities of another character.68
6669172945IntertextualityRetelling a old story in a modern new way69
6669172946LitotesFigure of speech that uses understatement by using a positive statement is expressed by negating its opposite expressions70
6669172947UtopiaProjects notion of a perfect society to reader. All social evil is cured71
6669172948SonnetPoem with 14 lines written in iambic pentameter. Each line has 10 syllables72
6669172949Round characterCharacter in a play/novel that has complex personality. Round character has many layers inside them. Audience can associate to character.73
6669172950Situational ironyEvent in story that is opposite what the audience expect to happen74
6669172951Static characterDoes not undergo inner changes. Personality of character stays the same at beginning and at end75
6669172952VernacularLiterary genre that uses daily used language in writing and speaking. Different from written words, as they follow formal variety of language76
6669172953Vernacular vs. dialectVernacular is use of ordinary everyday and plain language in speaking or writing, such as corn is common name of a plant, and scientific name is maize, whereas dialect is related to a region. Uses distinguished pronunciation, vocab, and grammar77
6669172954UnderstatementWriters make situations less important than it really is. Has a ironic effect "he is too thin" when referring to fat man78
6669172955EulogyGreek word meaning to praise somebody or something. Written tribute to person who is dead recently79
6669172956DialectLanguage used by people of specific areas. Involved spelling, sounds, grammar, and pronunciation used by certain people80
6669172957HubrisHuge pride and arrogance showed by character that brings his downfall. Punish to have a moral lesson to audience to motivate them to remove flaws81
6669172958AntiheroCharacter in play or book with characteristics opposite of that of a conventional hero. The protagonist is usually admired for his bravery, strength, charm, ingenuity etc. while a antihero is usually clumsy and has both bad and good qualities82
6669172959BandwagonPropaganda where writer persuades readers so majority could agree with argument of writer. Suggest when most agrees, the reader should too83
6669172960Bandwagon functionTechnique to make audience think and act in a way that majority follows. Writers used it to create fear among reader who don't agree to belief84
6669172961PropagandaPersuade readers and mold their perceptions about particular cause. Aims to get response of respondents and let them adapt certain action85
6669172962Propaganda-TransferAppeals to a persons imagination of something we like or trust; Trump's "make America great again"86
6669172963Propaganda generalityThese words are used to convince someone into accepting and approving things without examining evidence carefully87
6669172964Propaganda-TestimonialPropaganda where a celebrity claims an idea or product is good or bad. Used to convince without examining facts88
6669172965Propaganda-plain folksPropaganda used by speaker to convince audience that an idea is good because they are some ideas of vast majority of people like themselves. Similar to bandwagon but with speaker or writer convincing audience.89
6669172966Propaganda-Distortion of data or out of context or card setting or cherry pickingConvince audience by using selected info and not presenting whole story. "Fact that a study saying peanut butter cusses cancer" being wrote by peanut butter haters90
6669172967Propaganda- testimonialRespected celebs claims idea or producing is good or bad. Convince audience without checking facts91
6669172968Propaganda- scrapegoatGuilt by association to deflect scrutiny away from issues. Transfer balance to one person or group without investigating complexities of issues. Ex. Reagan put us in debt92
6669172969Propaganda-artificial dichotomyWhen someone claims there are only two sides to an issue and that both sides must have equal presentation in order to be evaluated. Used to dupe us into believing there is only one side to look at a issue, when there are other sides of a story.93
6669172970Propaganda deificationWhen idea is made to appear special and therefore above the law. Opposite viewpoints are given appearance of treason. EX. God given right to ...94
6669172971ConceitDevelop comparisons which is non likely but intellectually imaginative. Turns into conceit when writer tries to make us admit a similarity between unlike things95
6669172972ClaimSomeone give argument to support position, is called making a claim. Different reasons are usually presented to prove why certain point is right96
6669172973CatharsisEmotional discharge through which one can achieve state of moral and spiritual renewal or achieve state of liberation from anxiety and stress. Cleans emotions of characters97
6669172974ClicheExpression that is overused to the extent that it loses original meaning. Event that are predictable because previous events98
6669172975ConcessionUsed in argumentative writing where one acknowledges a point make by ones opponent. It allows for different options and indicates a understanding of what chase the actual debate. Demonstrates a mature thinker and has considered the issue from all angles99
6669172976Concession-part 2Concession writing style also show the writer is logical and fair minded person, able to realize that every argument has sever sides to consider before presented. Is strong because it finds common ground between you and opponent100
6669172977PortmanteauLiterary device where two or more words are joined together to coin a new word. Word formed by blending parts of two or more words but referred to a single concept101
6669172978Coinage of portmanteauLinking two or more words that shares same meaning as original words. Ex. Fan+magazine=fanzine102
6669172979AsideActors speech, directed to audience that is not suppose to be heard by other actors on stage. Used to let audience know what a character is about to do or what she or he is thinking103
6669172980AssonanceRepetition of vowel sounds within a line of poetry.104
6669172981AudianceGroup of readers or viewers that writer is addressing. Writer considers his or her audience when deciding subject, a purpose for writing and tine and style in which to write105
6669172982Authors purposeHis or her reason for creating a work. The purpose can be to entertain, explain, or inform a opinion or to persuade106
6669172983BalladPoem that tells story and meant to be sung or recited107
6669172984CaesuraA pause or a sudden break in a line of poetry108
6669172985CharactererizationTechnique used to create viable characters109
6669172986Chronological orderOrder in which events happen110
6669172987ClarifyingReader's process of pausing occasionally while reading review what he or she understand so by clarifying as they read, good readers draw conclusions111
6669172988ClicheFigurative language containing overused expression or saying that is no longer considered original112
6669172989ComedyDramatic work that is light and humorous in time and usually end happy with peaceful resolution of main conflict.113
6669172990ComparisonProcess of identifying similarities114
6669172991Concrete poetryType of poetry that uses its physical or visual form to present its message115
6669172992ConflictTension or problem in story; struggle between opposing forces116
6669172993CoupletRhymed pair of lines in a poem117
6669172994DialectForm of language that spoken in particular place or by a particular group of people118
6669172995Dramatic monologueLiterary device used when character reveal his or her innermost thoughts or feelings, those that are hidden are on stage. Comes during climatic moments in work119
6669172996ElegyType of literature defined as song or poem that expresses sorrow, wrote usually for someone who died120
6669172997EnjambmentIn poetry, running over of a line or thought into the next of verse121
6669172998EpigramShort poem or verse that seeks to ridicule a thought or event, usually with sarcasm122
6669172999EpicLong narrative poem about the adventures of a hero who actions reflect the ideas and values of a nation or group123
6669173000EpiphanySudden amount of understanding that causes a character to change or to act in a certain way124
6669173001EpitaphShort poem or verse written in memory of someone125
6669173002EssayShort work of nonfiction that deals with single subject126
6669173003Common types of essaysDescriptive-describes a subject Expository-purpose is to explain and give info on subject Formal-highly organized throughly researched Humorous-purpose is to amuse reader Informal-lighter and tone and usually reflect writers feeling and personality Narrative-tells a story Persuasive- attempts to convince reader to adopt certain particular options and a corse of action127
6669173004EvaluatingProcess of judging value of something or someone. A work on literature can be evaluated on entertainment, originality, and emotional power128
6669173005Extended metaphorFig of speech that compares two essentially unlike things over a long period as long as paragraphs of a entire novel129
6669173006FableBrief tale that teaches a lesson about human nature fables often feature animals as characters130
6669173007Fact and opinionFact is a statement that can be proved opinion is statement that reflects a writer believe and cannot be proved131
6669173008Figurative language of figure of speechExpression that are not literally true132
6669173009FlashbackInterception of the chronological sequence of a event of earlier occurrence you for background for current narration133
6669173010FolkloreTraditions customs and stories that are passed down within a culture contains legend folktales myths and fables134
6669173011FolktaleA simple store that have been passed from generation to generation by word of mouth how to entertain rather than to learn lesson135
6669173012Free versePoetry without regular patterns of rhyming lines that contain complete thought136
6669173013Heroic couplet or close coupletcouplet consisting of two successive rhyming lines that contain complete thought137
6669173014Historical fictionFiction that explores a past time. And may contain reference to actual people and events138
6669173015IdiomPhrase or expression that means something different from what the words exactly say139
6669173016ImageryUse of words and phrases that appeal to the five senses writer uses sensory detail to help raider imagine how things look Phil smell sound and test140
6669173017InterferenceA logical gas based on evidence based on evidence in the text141
6669173018LegendStory handed down from past abot a specific person usually someone of her Heroic accomplishments142
6669173019LimerickShort humorous poem composed of five lines that usually have the rhyme scheme AAA BBA created by two rhyming couplet followed by fifth line that rhyme with first couplet it typically have saying song where them143
6669173020Lyric poetrySean lock poem written mainly to express the feelings or emotions of a single speaker144
6669173021MemoirTop of autobiography that has authored personal experience but doesn't necessarily cover authors in Carlisle145
6669173022MoodMood or atmosphere is the film that a literary work conveys to read her mood created through use of plot character author description etc.146
6669173023MoralLesson that a story teaches moral is often stated directly at end of fable147
6669173024MotifReoccurring object concept structure in a work of literature may also be two contrasting elements and I work search as good and evil it important because it allows one to say main points and theme that the author is trying to express in order that one might be able to interpret work more accurately148
6669173025NotivationReason why character actor feel for things a certain way149
6669173026MythTraditional story that attempts to explain how world was created or why the world is the way it is myth or stories that are passed on from generation to generation and I unknown author shit150
6669173027NarrativeAny writing that tells a story most novels are short stories place into categories of first person and third person narrative based on who it telling a story and from what perspective151
6669173028OdeLyric poem of some late usually a serious or meditative nature and having an elevated style and formal structure152
6669173029Oral historyStories of people's life related by word-of-mouth thesis history usually include both factual material and personal reaction153
6669173030OxymoronForm of figurative language combining contradictory words or ideas154
6669173031ParallelismYouth of similar grammatical constructions to express ideas related or equal in importance155
6669173032ParodyLiterary or artistic work that imitates the characteristic style of an author work for, a fact or night156
6669173033PersonificationFigure of speech where objects animals or ideas or giving human characteristics157
6669173034Terms associated with plotExposition-introduces characters and conflict they face Inciting incident-occurs after exposition in introducing the central conflict in the story Rising action- follow intro of central conflict complications arise at the conflict character struggles with people or situation Climax-turning point and high tension in plot of story them play climax occurs during and of story after raider under stood conflict and we came emotionally attached when it in the conflict is resolved and plot is clear Resolution and denouncement- occurs after climax and is where conflict is resolved and lives in or trade Subplot-additional minor apply and involve secondary conflict in the story the shop lot may or may not affect the main plot158
6669173035PredictingProcess of gathering info and combining it with the Raiders own knowledge to get what my occur and story159
6669173036Primary sourceFind hand account of an event primary source include a diary journal letter speeches new story photos and art160
6669173037PropagandaText that uses faults or myth leading info to present slanted point of view161
6669173038ProseOrdinary form of spoken and written language that is language that lack special of poetry example of price includes essay story article speeches162
6669173039ProtagonistFill it in on your own163
6669173040QuestioningProcess of raising questions while reading in an effort to understand characters and events164
6669173041Realistic fictionImaginative writing sat in the real modern world they character act like real people who use ordinary human ability to cope with problems and conflicts typical of modern life165
6669173042RefrainRepetition in literature of one or more lines at regular intervals sometimes called Cora166
6669173043RepetitionTechnic is when sound word or phrase or line is repeated for effort of emphasis167
6669173044RhymeRepetition of identical or similar at scented sound or sounds and I work ROM give flow in rhythm helping a lyric just tell a story and convey a mood168
6669173045Rhyme schemePattern of Enron used in a poem generally indicated by matching lowercase letters to show which line rhyme. Can be fixed or free scheme169
6669173046RhythmFlow of sounds created by arrangement so stressed and unstressed syllable's in line poetry170
6669173047SarcasmUse a praise to Mock someone or something use a mockery or verbal irony171
6669173048SatireLiterature technique in which ideas or customs or ridiculed for purpose of improving society172
6669173049ScanningProcess of searching through writing for particular fact or piece of info173
6669173050Science fictionProse riding in which writer explored unexpected possibilities of past or future by using scientific data and theories as well as his or her imagination174
6669173051SceneSection of play presenting events that occur in one place at one time175
6669173052Secondary sourcePresent the information comply from one or based on other sources176
6669173053Sensory detailsWords and phrases that helps readers say here taste feel smell what author is describing177
6669173054SequenceThe order in which events occur or in which ideas are presented178
6669173055SettingTom place or physical details and circumstances in which story occurs background atmosphere or environment in which a character lives or moves179
6669173056Short storyBrief work of fiction that generally focus on one or two characters who face single problem or conflict180
6669173057SoliloquySpeech delivered by a character who is one on stage181
6669173058SonnetDistinctive Poe poetic style that uses system or pattern of metrical structure and verse composition usually, consisting of 14 lines arranged in ranch game182
6669173059SpeakerVoice that talks to raider in poem as the narrator does in a work of fiction speaker is not necessarily the poet183
6669173060Stage directionsInstructions to actors director war and stage crew in the script of play184
6669173061StanzaA group of two or more lines within a poem a stanza is capable to a paragraph and prose185
6669173062Anecdotal fallacyUsing personal experience Horne isolated example instead of sound reasoning or compelling evidence186
6669173063Fallacy of accentSpecific type of ambiguity that arises when the meaning of a sentence that is changed by placing in unusual pro sodic stress187
6669173064Fallacy of the appeal to ignoranceHappens when one individual utilizes another individual lack of in formation of a specific subject as proof that Heather her particular argument is right lack of contradictory evidence188
6669173065Appeal to authorityAttempt to attend their argument to an individual of power or authority in an effort to give trust worthiness to their argument189
6669173066A appeal to popular opinionWhen someone a shirts that a thought a convictions correct since it is the thanks that the general population except190
6669173067Association fallacySometimes called guilt bar affliction this happens when somebody connect a particular thought or drill to something or somebody negative so I have to and Ferb blame on another191
6669173068Attacking the personArgument against hey man this is common fancy during debates where individual substitutes are brutal with a persons and shout192
6669173069Begging the questionLogical fallacy in which writer of shame statement under examination to be true in other words begging the question involve using promise to support itself193
6669173070Circular argumentAir committed one argument takes it's evident from one element in the argument is Selph from on outside one194
6669173071False dilemmaShort of errors happens when somebody present their argument and such a way that they are just two conceivable or Ternist left195
6669173072Irrological conclusionWhen somebody a test a conclusion that does not follow from should just you and Ashley in particular part of an argument before then presenting it in entirely individual or separate position196
6669173073Deductive reasoningResearcher move from a theory on a topic to more specific hypothesis that can be tested using collated observations197
6669173074Inductive reasoningConclusion based on reasoning derived from facts upon which conclusion is Baystar true there still a chance of conclusion reached before fall top of race and then go from specific faxed to a general statement198
6669173075Induction is usedPer day what may happen in future and establish a possibility of what may happen next allow you to a Stabley S-t price of probability and prepare accordingly allow you to argue. Without having to prove a fact199

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