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AP Language Terms

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80914623connotationthe implied or associative meaning of a word
80914624allegoryA literary work in which characters, objects, or actions represent abstractions
80914625allusiona reference to another work of literature, person, or event
80914626clausea group of words with a subject and a verb
80914627conceita fanciful, particularly clever extended metaphor
80914628aphorisma short saying stating a general truth
80914629analogydrawing a comparison in order to show a similarity in some respect
80914630apostrophea technique by which a writer addresses an inanimate object, an idea, or a person who is either dead or absent.
80914631alliterationrepetition of initial consonant sounds
80914632antecedentthe word, phrase, or clause to which a pronoun refers.
80914633ambiguityThe multiple meanings, either intentional or unintentional, of a word, phrase, sentence, or passage.
80914634colloquialCharacterized by informal language
81119729anadiplosisthe repetition of the last word of one clause at the beginning of the following clause
81119730anaphorathe repetition of words or phrases at the beginning of consecutive lines or sentences
81119731anecdoteshort story of an amusing or interesting event
81119732atmosphereThe emotional tone or background that surrounds a scene
83334229denotationthe most direct or specific meaning of a word or expression
83334230dictionword choice
83334231didacticintended to teach or instruct
83334232epistropherepetition of a word or expression at the end of successive phrases, clauses, sentences, or verses especially for rhetorical or poetic effect (as Lincoln's "of the people, by the people, for the people") Compare to anaphora. Ex: "When I was a child, I spoke like a child, I thought like a child, I reasoned like a child." (Corinthians) Ex: I'll have my bond!/ Speak not against my bond!/ I have sworn an oath that I will have my bond.---The Merchant of Venice
83334233euphemismsubstitution of an inoffensive term for one that is offensive
83334234expositionwriting or speech that explains a process or presents information
83334235extended metaphorA metaphor developed at great length, occurring frequently in or throughout a work.
83334236figurative languagewriting or speech that is not meant to be taken literally
83334237figure of speechA device used to produce figurative language. Many compare dissimilar things. Examples are apostrophe, hyperbole, irony, metaphor, metonomy, oxymoron, paradox, personification, simile, synecdoche, and understatement.
83334898denotationThe dictionary definition of a word
83349214generic conventionsthe traditions for each genre. These conventions help to define each genre; for example they differentiate between and essay and journalistic writing.
83349589genretype or category of literary work (e.g., poetry, essay, short story, novel, drama)
83349590homilyThis term literally means "sermon," but more informally, it can include any serious talk, speech, or lecture involving moral or spiritual advice.
83350136hyperbolean extreme exaggeration
83350137imagerylanguage that appeals to the senses
84699906inferencea conclusion one draws (infers) based on premises or evidence
84699907invectivean emotionally violent, verbal denunciation or attack using strong, abusive language.
84699908ironya situation or statement in which the actual outcome or meaning is opposite to what was expected.
84699909loose sentencemakes complete sense if brought to a close before the actual ending
84699910metaphora direct comparison of two unlike things
84699911metonymysubstituting the name of one object for another object closely associated with it ("The pen [writing] is mightier than the sword [war/fighting].")
84699912moodthe overall emotion created by a work of literature
84699913narrativeTells a story
84699914onomatopoeiathe use of words that imitate sounds
84699915oxymorona figure of speech composed of contradictory words or phrases, such as "wise fool," bitter-sweet," "pretty ugly," "jumbo shrimp," "cold fire"
84699916paradoxa statement or proposition that seems self-contradictory or absurd but in reality expresses a possible truth.
84699917parallelismthe rhetorical framing of words, phrases, sentences, or paragraphs to give structural similarity. The type which the same words are used is called anaphora.

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