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| 7368825809 | Rhetoric | the techniques and rules for using language effectively, eloquently, and persuasively. The stylistic devices an author uses to appeal successfully to a targeted audience. Usually persuasive in nature utilizing classical appeals to logic, emotion and an audience's belief in the writer's credibility. | 0 | |
| 7368828581 | Audience | a reader is the second element in any rhetorical situation/ For argument to work, a potential audience must care enough to listen or read, pay attention, to change its perceptions as a result of the argument. Most authors have a targeted audience in mind, and, as you read, you may find that your analysis and responses vary considerably from the targeted audience's probable response, particularly if different cultures or time periods are involved. | 1 | |
| 7368830731 | Purpose | a writer's reason for trying to convey a particular idea (thesis) about a particular subject to a particular audience of readers. The aim or intent behind the author's writing. Though it may emerge gradually during the writing process, in the end purpose should govern every element of a piece of writing. Ask yourself "Why did the writer write this?" | 2 | |
| 7368833466 | Claim | a statement of a position, a stand, or what you may have some to know as a thesis statement. A claim is an arguable statement. It is not a statement of the obvious; it presents an issue with which reasonable people might disagree. | 3 | |
| 7368835113 | Exigence | the real life, dramatic situation which signals individuals that something controversial has occurred and that they should try to make some sense of it. Exigence is a a problem to be solved, a situation that requires some response from an audience. Exigence involves analysis and discussion to encourage individual and public awareness about problematic situations. | 4 | |
| 7368837081 | Appeal | persuasion happens because an author makes three kinds of closely related appeals to his or her audience through spoken or written text: logos, ethos and/or pathos. A single sentence can appeal to the audience. An author seldom uses one of the appeals at the exclusion of all others. | 5 | |
| 7368839300 | Logos | appeal to logic and reason (the intellect); the content of the argument | 6 | |
| 7368844835 | Ethos | appeal based on the character/credibility of the writer or speaker | 7 | |
| 7368847020 | Pathos | appeal to emotions and sympathy | 8 | |
| 7368849144 | Style | How the author chooses to express his or her ideas; manner of expression. How the author uses language to convey his or her point. | 9 | |
| 7368852691 | Organization/ structure/ form | Organization is the pattern or order that the writer imposes on his or her material. Often used patterns of organization include time order, space order, and order of importance. Structure is the internal organization of writing. Form is the external pattern or shape of writing, describable without reference to content. | 10 | |
| 7368855258 | Diction | the choice of words. Every written or spoken statement contains diction of some kind. To describe aspects of diction, the following terms may be useful: standard English, nonstandard English, dialect, slang, colloquial expressions, etc. One may also use adjectives to characterize diction. | 11 | |
| 7368857109 | Voice | the recognizable "sound" of an author's writing style | 12 | |
| 7368859266 | Tone | attitude and presuppositions of the author toward a subject that are revealed by their linguistic choices (diction, syntax, rhetorical devices) | 13 | |
| 7368861634 | Point of view | author's stance or position revealed by his or her style and the tone of the writing. Who tells the story, and how it is told. | 14 | |
| 7368864031 | Context | background or situation to which a persuasive message is addressed. Authors aim to best tailor a response to the specific demands of a given situation. | 15 | |
| 7368866201 | Syntax | Ordering of words in a sentence. Refers to the way in which words are arranged to form phrases, clauses, and sentences, as well as to the grammatical relationship among the words themselves. | 16 | |
| 7368868594 | Shift | a change in a speaker's or writer's style or tone that often accompanies a change in the author's focus or purpose. Authors may shift in tone, between rhetorical modes, appeals, time.. Often indicated by transitional words. | 17 | |
| 7368871835 | Narration | seeks to tell a story or an account of an event or series of events. This writing mode frequently uses the tools of descriptive writing. | 18 | |
| 7368874574 | Exposition | seeks to explain and analyze information by presenting an idea, relevant evidence, and appropriate discussion. | 19 | |
| 7368877166 | Description | seeks to re-create, invent, or visually present a person, place, event or action so that the reader can picture that being described. Sometimes an author engages all five senses in description; good descriptive writing can be sensuous and picturesque. Descriptive writing may be straightforward and objective or highly emotional and subjective. | 20 | |
| 7368879763 | Argument | seeks to prove the validity of an idea, or point of view, by presenting sound reasoning, discussion, and argument that thoroughly convince the reader. | 21 |
