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AP Language Terms Flashcards

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4788760626Active VoiceThe subject of the sentence performs the action.0
4788760870AllusionAn indirect reference to something (usually a literary text, although it can be other things commonly known, such as plays, songs, historical events) with which the reader is supposed to be familiar.1
4788760871AnecdoteA short and interesting story or an amusing event. Anecdotes are often inserted into fictional or non fictional texts as a way of developing a point or injecting humor.2
4788761016AntecedentThe word, phrase, or clause referred to by a pronoun.3
4788761206Comic ReliefWhen a humorous scene is inserted into a serious story, in order to lighten the mood somewhat4
4788761546DictionStyle of speaking or writing determined by the choice of words by a speaker or a writer.5
4788761547ColloquialOrdinary or familiar type of conversation.6
4788761851ConnotationA meaning that is implied by a word apart from the thing which it describes explicitly. Implied meaning rather than literal meaning.7
4788761852DenotationThe literal, explicit meaning of a word, without its connotations.8
4788763696JargonThe diction used by a group which practices a similar profession or activity.9
4788763697Vernacular1. Language or dialect of a particular country. 2. Language or dialect of a regional clan or group. 3. Plain everyday speech.10
4788763852DidacticA term used to describe fiction, nonfiction or poetry that teaches a specific lesson or moral or provides a model of correct behaviour or thinking.11
4788763853AdageA short, pointed and memorable saying based on facts, and is considered a veritable truth by the majority of people.12
4788763943AllegoryA story, fictional or non-fictional, in which characters, things, and events represent qualities or concepts. The interaction of these characters, things, and events is meant to reveal an abstraction or a truth.13
4788763944AphorismA statement of truth or opinion expressed in a concise and witty manner.14
4788768845EllipsisA literary device that is used in narratives to omit some parts of a sentence or event, which gives the reader a chance to fill the gaps while acting or reading it out.15
4788768846EuphemismA more agreeable or less offensive substitute for generally unpleasant words or concepts. Sometimes they are used for political correctness.16
4788769040Figurative LanguageWriting that is not meant to be taken literally.17
4788771592AnalogyA comparison in which an idea or a thing is compared to another thing that is quite different from it. It aims at explaining that idea or thing by comparing it to something that is familiar.18
4788771593HyperboleAn exaggeration of ideas for the sake of emphasis.19
4788771707IdiomA common, often used expression that doesn't make sense if you take it literally.20
4788771708MetaphorMaking an implied comparison, not using "like," as," or other such words.21
4788771988MetonymyReplacing an actual word or idea, with a related word or concept.22
4788771989SynecdocheA literary device in which a part of something represents the whole or it may use a whole to represent a part.23
4788772117SimileUsing words such as "like" or "as" to make a direct comparison between two very different things.24
4788772118SynesthesiaA description involving a "crossing of the senses."25
4788772119PersonificationGiving human-like qualities to something that is not human.26
4788772276ForeshadowingWhen an author gives hints about what will occur later in a story.27
4788772277GenreThe major category into which a literary work fits.28
4788772278GothicWriting characterized by gloom, mystery, fear and/or death.29
4788772401ImageryAn author's use of vivid and descriptive language to add depth to their work.30
4788772405InvectiveA long, emotionally violent, attack using strong, abusive language.31
4788772658IronyWhen the opposite of what you expect to happen does.32
4788772774Verbal IronyWhen you say something and mean the opposite/something different.33
4788772775Dramatic IronyWhen the audience of a drama, play, movie, etc. knows something that the character doesn't and would be surprised to find out.34
4788773014Situational IronyWhen there is an inconsistency between what is expected to happen and what actually happens.35
4788773015JuxtapositionPlacing things side by side for the purposes of comparison.36
4788773225MoodThe atmosphere created by the literature and accomplished through diction.37
4788773226MotifA recurring idea in a piece of literature.38
4788773227OxymoronTwo contradictory words are together in one phrase.39
4788773435PacingThe speed or tempo of an author's writing.40
4788773436ParadoxA seemingly contradictory situation which is actually true.41
4788773654Parallel Structure or Balanced SentencesSentence construction which places equal grammatical constructions near each other, or repeats identical grammatical patterns.42
4788775102ParallelismUsed to add emphasis, organisation, or sometimes pacing to writing.43
4788774807AnaphoraRepetition of a word, phrase, or clause at the beginning of two or more sentences or clauses in a row. This is a deliberate form of repetition and helps make the writer's point more coherent44
4788774808ChiasmusWhen the same words are used twice in succession, but the second time, the order of the words is reversed.45
4788775470AntithesisTwo opposite or contrasting words, phrases, or clauses, or even ideas, with parallel structure.46
4788775806Zeugma (Syllepsis)Using one word to modify two other words, in two different ways.47
4788775943Parenthetical IdeaUsed to set off an idea from the rest of the sentence but can also be used to set off dates and numbers.48
4788775944ParodyAn exaggerated imitation of a serious work for humorous purposes.49
4788776029PersonaThe fictional mask or narrator that tells a story.50
4788776030PolysyndetonWhen a writer creates a list of items which are all separated by conjunctions.51
4788776241PunWhen a word that has two or more meanings is used in a humorous way.52
4788776242RhetoricThe art of effective communication.53
4788776249Aristotle's Rhetorical TriangleThe relationships, in any piece of writing, between the writer, the audience, and the subject. All analysis of writing is essentially an analysis of the relationships between the points on the triangle.54
4788776543Rhetorical QuestionQuestion not asked for information but for effect.55
4788776544HypophoraA figure of speech in which a writer raises a question and then immediately provides an answer to that question.56
4788776678SarcasmA generally bitter comment that is ironically or satirically worded.57
4788777736SatireA work that reveals a critical attitude toward some element of life to a humorous effect.58
4788777737AppositiveA word or group of words placed beside a noun or noun substitute to supplement its meaning.59
4788777961ClauseA grammatical unit that contains both a subject and a verb.60
4788778117StyleThe choices in diction, tone, and syntax that a writer makes.61
4788778458Syntax/Sentence VarietyGrammatical arrangement of words.62
5246244620ThemeThe central idea or message of a work.63
4788779000ThesisThe sentence or groups of sentences that directly expresses the author's opinion, purpose, meaning, or proposition. It should be short and clear.64
4788779001ToneA writer's attitude toward his subject matter revealed through diction, figurative language and organization.65
4788779002UnderstatementThe ironic minimizing of fact, understatement presents something as less significant than it is.66
4788779198LitotesA particular form of understatement, generated by denying the opposite of the statement which otherwise would be used.67

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