For the AP Language Exam
Includes:
- Diction
- Syntax
- Rhetorical
Terms : Hide Images
| 4427153170 | Concrete words | Nouns experienced through senses | 0 | |
| 4427160958 | Concrete words | Shout, garlicky, sticky, bumpy | 1 | |
| 4427164607 | General words | Big ideas or categories of words | 2 | |
| 4427172319 | General words | Furniture, games, shows, people | 3 | |
| 4427191243 | Abstract words | Intangible nouns that cannot be experienced through senses | 4 | |
| 4427194746 | Abstract words | Freedom, dreams, love, happiness | 5 | |
| 4427202563 | Specific words | Anything that gives details | 6 | |
| 4427207563 | Specific words | Green chair, Scrabble, Game of Thrones, CEO | 7 | |
| 4427217811 | Idioms | Expressions whose meaning are not predictable from visual clues | 8 | |
| 4427220036 | Idioms | Arrow to the knee, old hat | 9 | |
| 4427228101 | Trite expressions (clichés) | Hackneyed and unoriginal phrases | 10 | |
| 4427232721 | Trite expressions (clichés) | Raining cats and dogs, jaw dropped, shocked | 11 | |
| 4427236058 | Empty word | A word with no real meaning | 12 | |
| 4427238641 | Empty words | Like, really, literally, actually | 13 | |
| 4427243288 | Racist language | Anything biased toward a certain race. Usually very subtle | 14 | |
| 4427246384 | Racist language | Peanut rows in theaters, asians are good at math | 15 | |
| 4427252051 | Ethnocentric language | Language that insinuates a feeling of ethnic superiority over other groups or people's | 16 | |
| 4427259413 | Ethnocentric language | John Smith calling Pocahontas a savage, how Americans talk about themselves | 17 | |
| 4427266542 | Denotation | Dictionary definition of a word. Usually very obvious | 18 | |
| 4427274375 | Denotation | "Handicapped" as opposed to "specially abled" | 19 | |
| 4427277583 | Connotation | Feelings and emotions a word promotes | 20 | |
| 4427280854 | Connotation | "Crippled" as opposed to "handicapped" | 21 | |
| 4427292816 | Homonyms | Words that sound the same but are spelled differently and have different meanings | 22 | |
| 4427298257 | Homonyms | Hi, high; they're, there, their; reed, read | 23 | |
| 4427318995 | Standard American English | Speech that has no salient, regional, or dialect markers | 24 | |
| 4429331653 | Standard American English | "Physical activity is difficult," "I'm having fun," "this is great." | 25 | |
| 4429376103 | Nonstandard dialect | Language not taught in schools and linked to slang and regional words | 26 | |
| 4429385360 | Nonstandard dialect | I ain't never done nothing like that | 27 | |
| 4429336737 | Regional words and expressions | Words, expressions, or pronunciations favored by speakers in a particular geographical area | 28 | |
| 4429354496 | Regional words and expressions | Faucet, supper, iron (arn) | 29 | |
| 4429359853 | Slang | Informal language restricted to a certain group of people | 30 | |
| 4429362516 | Slang | Fleek, bae, swag, groovy | 31 | |
| 4429365703 | Colloquial language | Words of everyday speech that are appropriate in formal speech | 32 | |
| 4429369745 | Colloquial language | "I wanna go to the store," "I'm gonna do that tomorrow" | 33 | |
| 4429390620 | Archaic and obsolete words | Words that are never used today but appear in older texts | 34 | |
| 4429395784 | Archaic and obsolete words | Wherefore art thou Romeo | 35 | |
| 4429401037 | Double talk | Vague language with double meanings intended to confuse an audience | 36 | |
| 4429405313 | Double talk | Politicians use it to talk about revenue and touchy subjects | 37 | |
| 4429413401 | Neologisms | Newly coined words or expressions | 38 | |
| 4429419171 | Neologisms | Google, "I googled it," texting, selfie | 39 | |
| 4429422710 | Technical language (jargon) | 1. Special language for an occupation 2. Over complicated writing, saying too many or too technical words | 40 | |
| 4429436237 | Technical language (jargon) | "A small fracture to her ulna", as opposed to "a broken arm." | 41 | |
| 4429429619 | Euphemisms | Polite expressions substituted for root words | 42 | |
| 4429466828 | Euphemisms | "He passed away," "my late husband," "kicked the bucket." | 43 | |
| 4429470788 | Pretentious writing | Using more elaborate writing than necessary | 44 | |
| 4429476790 | Pretentious writing | "The day of the exam is upon us," as opposed to "we have a test today." | 45 | |
| 4429481971 | Sexist language | Any language expressing narrow ideas about gender roles | 46 | |
| 4429486644 | Sexist language | "Woman chemist" instead of "chemist," "go make me a sandwich, woman." | 47 | |
| 4429498498 | Simple | A sentence with only one clause | 48 | |
| 4429503403 | Compound | A sentence with two or more independent clauses | 49 | |
| 4429510672 | Complex | A sentence with one independent clause and one dependent clause | 50 | |
| 4429523146 | Compound - complex | A sentence with two or more independent clauses and at least one dependent clause | 51 | |
| 4429541692 | Compound - complex | The girl who likes to dress in skirts, went to the party, and she is happy. | 52 | |
| 4429546785 | Subject | The noun the sentence is about | 53 | |
| 4429548582 | Predicate | The action the subject does | 54 | |
| 4429550682 | Declarative | A sentence that states something | 55 | |
| 4429555798 | Interrogative | A sentence that asks a question | 56 | |
| 4429564989 | Exclamatory | A sentence that announces something | 57 | |
| 4429570143 | Imperative | A sentence that gives a command | 58 | |
| 4429577329 | Natural order | Subject coming before the verb in a sentence | 59 | |
| 4429581108 | Natural order | The man walked. ("man" preceding "walked") | 60 | |
| 4429584039 | Inverted order | Verb coming before the subject in a sentence | 61 | |
| 4429585812 | Inverted order | Down the street lived the man and his wife. | 62 | |
| 4429625041 | Loose or cumulative sentence | Main idea comes at the beginning of the sentence and is followed by modifiers | 63 | |
| 4429657195 | Loose or cumulative sentence | The elephants proceeded on their walk, pounding the dry dirt and swinging their trunks | 64 | |
| 4429684890 | Periodic sentence | Main idea comes at the end of the sentence and is preceded by modifiers | 65 | |
| 4429691546 | Periodic sentence | With low taxes, beautiful views, and a mild climate, the city is a great place to live | 66 | |
| 4429728745 | Juxtaposition | Two things coupled that are not usually together | 67 | |
| 4429731325 | Juxtaposition | Bright smoke, cruel love, cold fire | 68 | |
| 4429787040 | Parallel structure (parallelism) | Same structure repeatedly used in a work | 69 | |
| 4429792560 | Parallel structure (parallelism) | The campers loved hiking, swimming, and sailing | 70 | |
| 4429795226 | Rhetorical question | A question not meant to be answered | 71 | |
| 4429890538 | Rhetorical question | So why do we do this? Because we want to | 72 | |
| 4429898043 | Rhetorical fragment | Proposes an idea not meant to be responded to. Used to emphasize an important idea. | 73 | |
| 4429917370 | Rhetorical fragment | I felt myself settling into another version of myself. A little younger, a little less responsible. | 74 | |
| 4429957529 | Elliptical construction | Word or word phrase omitted and implied by surrounding context | 75 | |
| 4430017264 | Elliptical construction | Lacy can do something about the problem but I don't know what. (She can do) | 76 | |
| 4430047941 | Balanced structure | A sentence with both parts parallel and about the same length | 77 | |
| 4430084175 | Balanced structure | It was the best of times, it was the worst of times. (Each clause as a whole) | 78 | |
| 4430099384 | Convoluted structure | Main idea split in two by a modifier | 79 | |
| 4430152753 | Convoluted structure | I guess what I be saying is there ain't no better reason So rid yourself of vanities and just go with the seasons It's what I aim to do, our name is our virtue | 80 | |
| 4430166126 | Centered structure | Main clause is in the middle of the sentence and surrounded by subordinate clauses | 81 | |
| 4430185461 | Centered structure | After digging a large hole, I planted a tree, which was also large and hard to manage. | 82 | |
| 4430189783 | Repetition | Repeated set of words usually close together | 83 | |
| 4430192254 | Repetition | Let freedom ring, let freedom ring, God almighty let freedom ring. | 84 | |
| 4430208602 | Telegraphic | Sentence length shorter than five words | 85 | |
| 4430213233 | Short | Sentence length about five words | 86 | |
| 4430218232 | Medium | Sentence length about eighteen words | 87 | |
| 4430250412 | Long or involved | Sentence length about thirty words or more | 88 | |
| 4430263246 | Adverbial clause | A dependent clause that functions as an adverb to modify | 89 | |
| 4430265647 | Adverbial clause | With regret, she left her book behind. (With regret) | 90 | |
| 4430271762 | Prepositional phrase | A modifying phrase consisting of a preposition and its object | 91 | |
| 4430279848 | Prepositional phrase | Before the game, it rained. | 92 | |
| 4430282864 | Verbal phrase | Verbals and any verb forms, modifiers, objects, or complements. Participles, gerunds, and infinitives | 93 | |
| 4430293472 | Participles | Drinking water, flying high | 94 | |
| 4430306111 | Gerund | He is good at running | 95 | |
| 4430313837 | Infinitives | To fly, to walk, to run | 96 | |
| 4430411249 | Parallelism | Similarities of structure in a pair of series of related words, phrases, or clauses | 97 | |
| 4430417801 | Parallelism | He tried to make the law clear, precise, and equitable. | 98 | |
| 4430423072 | Antithesis | Juxtaposition of contrasting words or ideas, often in paralleled structure | 99 | |
| 4430426097 | Antithesis | Place your virtues one pedestal; put your vices under a rock | 100 | |
| 4430440946 | Anastrophe | Inversion of the natural or usual word order | 101 | |
| 4430443940 | Anastrophe | One ad does not a survey make | 102 | |
| 4430452124 | Parenthesis | Insertion of some verbal unit in a position that interrupts the normal syntactical flow of the sentence | 103 | |
| 4430457450 | Parenthesis | There is even, and it is the achievement of this book, a curious sense of happiness running through its paragraphs. | 104 | |
| 4430467282 | Apposition | A noun or noun phrase that follows another noun immediately or defines or amplifies its meaning | 105 | |
| 4430470403 | Apposition | John Morgan, the president of Sons of the Republic, could not be reached by phone. | 106 | |
| 4430484207 | Asyndeton | The omission of conjunctions between related clauses | 107 | |
| 4430489063 | Asyndeton | They ran, played, jumped, swam all day. | 108 | |
| 4430504649 | Polysyndeton | The deliberate use of many conjunctions | 109 | |
| 4430506536 | Polysyndeton | They ran and played and jumped and swam all day. | 110 | |
| 4430512734 | Alliteration | Repetition of initial or medial consonants in two or more adjacent words | 111 | |
| 4430516265 | Alliteration | A sable, silent, solemn forest stood. | 112 | |
| 4430526199 | Assonance | The repetition of vowel sounds in the stressed syllables of two or more adjacent words | 113 | |
| 4430529336 | Assonance | And I'm sure that every girl is pearl and the world is a perfect globe | 114 | |
| 4430535538 | Anaphora | The repetition of a group of words at the beginning of successive clauses | 115 | |
| 4430537918 | Anaphora | It is a luxury, it is a privilege, it is an indulgence. | 116 | |
| 4430541931 | Epistrophe | The repetition of a group of words at the end of successive clauses | 117 | |
| 4430544788 | Epistrophe | They saw no evil, they spoke no evil they heard no evil | 118 | |
| 4430548154 | Epanalepsis | Repitition at the end of the clause of the word that occurred at the beginning of the clause | 119 | |
| 4430551744 | Epanalepsis | Year chases year, decay pursues day | 120 | |
| 4430553840 | Anadiplosis | Repetition of the last word of one clause at the beginning of the following clause | 121 | |
| 4430557030 | Anadiplosis | The crime was common, common be the pain | 122 | |
| 4430559608 | Climax | Arrangement of words, phrases, or clauses in order of increasing importance | 123 | |
| 4430562606 | Climax | Let a man acknowledge obligations to his family, his country, and his God | 124 | |
| 4430567863 | Antimetabole | Two clauses with the same words and reversed grammatical structure | 125 | |
| 4430576507 | Antimetabole | Then arises, it is not that adults produce children, but that children produce adults | 126 | |
| 4430582527 | Chiasmus | Reversal of grammatical structure without the repetition of words | 127 | |
| 4430586786 | Chiasmus | It is hard to take money, but to spend currency is easy | 128 | |
| 4430591914 | Polyptoton | Repetition of words derived from the same root | 129 | |
| 4430593871 | Polyptoton | Their blood bleeds | 130 | |
| 4430603879 | Metaphor | An implied comparison between two unlike things based on a small similarity | 131 | |
| 4430626943 | Simile | An explicit comparison between two unlike things based on a small similarity. Uses the words "like" or "as" | 132 | |
| 4430632148 | Synecdoche | A part of something used to refer to it as a whole | 133 | |
| 4430634940 | Synecdoche | Fifty head of cattle, nice set of wheels | 134 | |
| 4430638726 | Metonymy | An entity referred to by one of its attributes or associations | 135 | |
| 4430644935 | Metonymy | The pen is mightier than the sword | 136 | |
| 4430657752 | Anataclasis | Repetition of a word in two different senses | 137 | |
| 4430661040 | Anataclasis | And there's bars on the corner and bars on the heart | 138 | |
| 4430668397 | Paranomasia | Words alike in sound but different in meaning | 139 | |
| 4430689085 | Paranomasia | I used to be a tap dancer before I fell in the sink | 140 | |
| 4430710234 | Syllepsis | Use of a word understood differently in relation to two or more other words, which it modifies or governs | 141 | |
| 4430716079 | Syllepsis | When I address Fred, I never have to raise my voice or my hopes | 142 | |
| 4430721778 | Anthimeria | The substitution of one part of speech for another | 143 | |
| 4430723504 | Anthimeria | That child chopsticks so well | 144 | |
| 4430725657 | Periphrasis | The substitution of an attribute word or phrase for a proper name, or the use of a proper name to suggest a personality characteristic | 145 | |
| 4430731675 | Periphrasis | That young pop singer thinks she's a real Madonna, doesn't she | 146 | |
| 4430736590 | Personification | Investing abstractions or inanimate objects with human qualities or abilities | 147 | |
| 4430739408 | Personification | The ground thirsts for rain | 148 | |
| 4430742163 | Hyperbole | The use of exaggerated terms for the purpose of emphasis or heightened effect | 149 | |
| 4430746116 | Hyperbole | His eloquence would split rocks, I read every book on the planet | 150 | |
| 4430751170 | Litote | Understatement | 151 | |
| 4430753097 | Litote | It isn't very serious, I have this tiny little tumor in my brain | 152 | |
| 4430760007 | Erotema | Rhetorical question | 153 | |
| 4430760021 | Irony | Use of a word in such a way as to convey a meaning opposite of the literal meaning of the word 1. Situational: expected vs. what happens 2. Dramatic: viewer knows vs. character knows 3. Verbal: they say vs. they mean | 154 | |
| 4430764829 | Verbal irony (sarcasm) | I was simply overjoyed at the thought of leaving my friends to go take an exam | 155 | |
| 4430775212 | Onomatopoeia | Use of words whose sound echoes the sense | 156 | |
| 4430789929 | Onomatopoeia | A loud crash came from upstairs (crash) | 157 | |
| 4430791730 | Oxymoron | Juxtaposed words with seemingly contradictory meanings | 158 | |
| 4430795004 | Oxymoron | Cold fire, jumbo shrimp | 159 | |
| 4430801054 | Paradox | Apparently contradictory statement that nevertheless contains a measure of truth | 160 | |
| 4430804615 | Paradox | Art is a form lying in order to tell the truth | 161 | |
| 4430806940 | Zeugma | The single word does not fit grammatically with one member of the pair | 162 | |
| 4430812330 | Zeugma | He maintained a flourishing business and racehorse | 163 |
