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AP language Terms Flashcards

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9870763960antithesisoften found in parallel constructions, 2 opposite or contrasting words, phrases and clauses ex: it was the best of times; it was the worst of times0
9703465110Lexiconspecialized Vocabulary1
9703469131ProseWritten in ordinary language that resembles everyday speech; not poetry2
9703476480RhetoricThe principles governing the art of writing effectively, eloquently, and persuavely3
9703497037Rhetorical Features, Devices, Resources of Language, Rhetorical StrategiesFigures of speech, syntax, sentence structure, diction, and other stylistic elements that are used to produce a particular artistic effect4
9703527841GenreThe major category in which a work of literature is catorigorized.5
9703538796Generic ConventionsThe typical characteristics that define a genre6
9703549443LogosLogical, (Facts, Reasoning)7
9703553912PathosEmotional, (Feelings)8
9703561050EthosEthical, (Credibility, Trustworthiness)9
9703609143Made of DiscourseWhat type/ Way that the the imformation is presented or written10
9703622641Rheotrical Modes/ Expository PaternsHow the writting is organized exposition, argumetation, description, narrative, comparison/ contrast, divison and classifacation11
9703640339Thesis/PurposeSentences that directly explain the authors opinion, purpose, meaning or proposition or emotion regarding the subject; short and clear12
9703684919Topic/ attitudeA writers intellectual position or emotion regarding the subject; explain the language of attitude13
9703704528ObjectiveNon-biased, non-opinonated, factual14
9703710760SubjectiveReflecting a bias or opinion15
9703718767Infer/inferenceto draw a conclusion from information presented to us16
9703721501Concrete detailrefer to specific types of details17
9703748569Nouna word that names18
9703750931Concrete Nounthings that you can not actually touch or experense19
9703756946Abstract NounIdeas, feelings, concepts, qualities, states of being20
9703765570Proper nounJohn, Mary, Woodmont21
9703772492Common Nounboy, girl, school22
9703774746Verbword that expresses action or helps make a statement23
9703781788Action Verbexpresses mental or physical action24
9703789056Linking Verbmakes a statement by connecting the subject with a word that describes25
9703793049Pronouna word used in place of one or more nouns. It may stand for a person , place or thing26
9703824000Adjectivemodify or describes a noun or pronoun27
9703827947AdverbModify or describe a verb, an adjective, or another adverb28
9703833715PrepositionA word that relates a noun or pronoun to another word in a sentence29
9703839292Conjunctiona word that joins words or groups of words30
9703846338What does Fan Boy stand for?For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So31
9703855541Interjectionsan exclamartory word that expresses action32
9703868321Narativethe telling of a story or an account of an event or series of events33
9703884904Narrative DevicesThe tools of a story teller34
9703887580Narrative TechniquesThe writers style of telling the story35
9703896242AnecdoteA brief recounting of a relevant episode, inserted to develop a point or add hummor36
9703907310Settingthe time and place in which a story occurs37
9703913674AtmosphereThe emotional mood that is created by a literary work38
9703923273Narrative OptionsFlashback, In media res, chronological, foreshadowing, stream of consciousness39
9703938235FlashbackTelling a story from along time ago40
9869836080In media resyou start the stoary in the middle of the action41
9869838885chronological orderstory is told in the order it hapened42
9869846192Forshadowinghints about what will happen later43
9869855813Stream of consciounsnessthe writter trys to replicate their thoughts44
9869863044frame narrationwhen you have a story within a story45
9869870805Imagerydescribing in descriptive details46
9869874708Pacingthe speed of a authors writting47
9869884487Pronoun/antecedentthe word, phrase, or clause refered to by a pronouon48
9869884488dialougeconversations between characters which their actuall words are quoted49
9869910450verbsexpress an action50
9869914177being verbscan serve as either helping or linking verbs ex: be, have, may, can51
9869922034Helping verbscombine with other verb forms to indicate time, possibility, necessity, and other kind of meanings Ex: Chris can run after his surgery52
9869951622Linking verbsa verb which connects a subject to its predict without expressing an action, used to describe its subject ex: be,seem,appear,become, grow, stay53
9869972545Active verbthe subject of the sentece is taking action ex: Mrs.Whitmire threw the desk54
9869983011Passive Verbthe subject of the sentence is being acted on ex: the desk was thrown across the room55
9869999046Predict Adjectivesa type of subject complement follows a linking verb and modifies or describes the subject Ex: Ms. Whitmire is nice56
9870022108Predicit nominativerenames the subject ex: Mrs. Whitmire is a teacher57
9870031550Verbala form of verb that is used as non adjective or adverb58
9870035243Participlea verb used as a adjective ex: strolling shoppers fill the mall59
9870043411Gerunda -ing verb used as a noun ex: teaching is very rewarding60
9870055957Infinitivesthe plain form of a verb plus to ex: to hide, to sleep, to eat61
9870063098Appositivea noun (or pronoun) that renames another noun ex: john, my boyfriend, made me a sandwhich62
9870089852dictionword choice63
9870089853annotationthe strict litteral, dictionary definition of a word64
9870098216connotationthe feelings/ ideas associated with a word, the implied or suggested meaning65
9870104546semanticsthe branch of linguistics that studies the meanings of words66
9870109073Jargonthe diction used by a small group which practices a similar profession or activity67
9870117984Zeugmaa figure os speech in which a word, usually a verb or adjective, applies to more than one noun blending grammar together ex:John and his license expired last week68
9870140774Colloquialismuse of slang or informalities in speech or writting Ex: yall, shook69
9870151945Malapropisma use of incorrect word in place of a similar sounding word that results in a nonsensical anf humrous expression ex:Our watch, sir, have indeed comprehended two auspicious persons" - supposed to be aprehended70
9870185940invectivea long, emotionally violent attack using strong abusive language ex: you're a jerk71
9870206203ambiguitymultiple meanings of a word ex: did you see her dress72
9870212023Euphemismless offensive substitue ex: deceased instead of died73
9870235385imperative sentencecomand74
9870240636declarative sentencestatement75
9870243543interrogative sentencequestion76
9870245833main clausehas a subject and a predicate and can stand alone as a sentence ex: bob may buy a car today77
9870264609subordinating clausehas a subject and a predicates and can not and alone as a sentence ex: if he finds one78
9870283020simple sentencemay have a compound subject, a compound predicate or both ex: bob may buy a car today79
9870292286compound sentencehas 2 or more main clauses ex: bob may buy a car today, but he will have to pay the ticket price80
9870335225complex sentenceshas one subordinate clause an done main clause ex: if they find one they like, bob and mary will buy a car today81
9870346001compound complex senteceshas more than one main clause and at least one subordinate clause ex: if they find one they like, bob and mary may buy a car today, and bob will get their old one82
9870372423coordinationusing sentence structure to show equal importance between ideas ex:John has been teaching for 20 years and he has been named teacher of the year twice83
9870389540subordinationusing sentence structure to make one idea less important than another Ex:Although John has been teaching for 20 years, he has been named teacher of the year twice84
9870412769loose sentencea type of sentence in whih the main clause comes first, followed by dependent gramatical phrases and clauses ex: the boy chased the ball as it bounced across the street, rolled into the neighbors yard and bounced infront if spices dog house85
9870446010periodic sentencea sentence that presents its central meaning in a main clause at the end ex: sad and silent, driving for miles, settling into a worn and cramped motel room, he realizes that he no longer has a home86
9870478782figures of speech/ tropesa device used to produce figurative language87
9870486367metaphora word or phrase comparing 2 things not using like or as88
9870493719similiecomparing 2 things using like, as, or, if or than89
9870498307personafacationgiving a non living things living characteristics90
9870502693hyperboleexaggerated statement not ment to be taken litteraly91
9870509119conceitan extended metaphor that compares 2 very disimilar things ex: spill the beans92
9870517358allegorya story, poem or picture that can be interpreted to reveal hidden meaning ex: the tortoise and the frog93
9870534440understatmentwhen writers intentionally make a situation seen less important than it really is94
9870540639litotesuses negative terms to express a positive statement95
9870547946metonymyreplases the name of a thing with the name of something its closley related to ex: coke-all soda96
9870558198synecdocherefers to a thing by the name of one of ots parts ex: wheels instead of car97
9870568672oxymoronwhen 2 opposite words appear in a conjunction ex: Jumbo shrimp98
9870579135Analogya comparison between 2 things typically for the purpose of explanation99
9870595110Apostrophea figure of speech in which an absent person or personified object is adressed by speaker ex: twinkle twinkle little star100
9870613448Allusiona direct or indirect reference to something which is comminly known ex: don't go all stalin on me101
9870623028homilymeans sermon it can include any serious, talk, speech, ot lecture involving moral or spiritual advice102
9870634148synesthiathe practice of associating 2 or more different senses in one image ex:taste of pain103
9870644617Witintellectually amusing language that suprises and delights104
9870657693Aphorisma statement of known authorship that expresses a general truth or moral principle ex: better safe than sorry105
9870669901rhetorical questionquestion not ment to be answered but make you think106
9870678821consonanceformed by repeatinf the same sound in the middle or end of a word107
9870683014assonancethe repetation of vowel sounds in the middle of neighboring words108
9870688843ironythe contrast between what is stated and what is ment109
9870693229dramatic iornywhen the audience knows something the character does'nt110
9870701013verbal iornywhen a person says the opposite of what they mean111
9870705259situational iornywhen the event of the plot turn out differently than expected112
9870718872Paradoxa staement that appears to be self contradictory or oppsed to common sense but upon closer inspection contains some degree of truth113
9870732584Anecdatea breif recounting of a relevant episode of experience114
9870743747syntaxthe way the authour chooses to join words into phrases, clauses and sentences115
9870749987parallesimsentece construction which places equal gramatical constructions near each other or repeats identical gramatical patterns116
9870779521asyndetonthe elimination of conjunctions between phrases and clauses ex: without looking, without making a sound, without talking117
9870791499polysendetonusing conjunction to seperate all of the items in a series ex: I walked the dog, and fed the cat, and washed the goat, and fed the cows118
9870801193anaphorarepetition of a word, phrase, or clause at the beginning of 2 or more sentences or clause in a row119
9870822613Chaismusthe same words are used twice in succession, but the second time, the order is reversed ex:fair is foul and foul is fair120
9870830425Epiphoraa word or phrase is repeated at the end of successive clauses ex: i am an american, he is an american, and everybody here is an american121
9870858167logical fallacyan error in reasoning often at frst to make sense but upon futhur examination are recognized as deceptive and illogical122
9870875277appealing to pittyoften unrelated to the issue in question, designed to distract attention from other factors which should be considered123
9870893266Appealing to prejudiceappealing to the audience values often a distraction from the real issue124
9870902991Appealing to traditionappeals to maintain history and not change the accepted ways125
9870910225Argument from analogyuses an analogy to discus 2 different situations usually ignors important differences between 2 things being compared sometimes include126
9870932504Ad hominemmaking a personal attack on the opponet127
9870942097appeal to doubtful authorityuses references to famous people who have no expertise128
9870948329post hoc reasoningalso false causation, assuming that one event caused another just because it happened before it129
9870964893begging the questionalso circular reasoning restating the premise you are trying to prove130
9870970943equivocatingusing vauge or ambiguos langauge to mislead audience131
9870984438Ignoring the questiontalking about something else instead of real issues132
9870987758false dilemasuggesting that only 2 alternatives exist when there are actually more133
9870996012non sequitora "does" not follow conclusion134
9871003305slippery slopeone step will ineviably lead to an extremly undesirable end135
9871010328bandwagoneveryone else is doing it, you should to136

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