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AP Language Terms Flashcards

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14639674250alliterationthe repetition of initial sounds in successive or neighboring words0
14639674251allusiona reference to something literary, mythological, or historical that the author assumes the reader will recognize1
14639674252analogyan explanation of how two seemingly differing things are similar2
14639674253anaphorathe repetition of words or phrases at the beginning of consecutive sentences.3
14639674254anecdoteA brief story focusing on a particular incident or event4
14639674255dictionthe word choice made by a writer5
14639674256hyperboleintentional exaggeration to create an effect6
14639674257imagerylanguage that appeals to one or more of the five senses7
14639674258inferencereasonable conclusions that can be drawn by the reader based upon text evidence8
14639674259juxtapositionplacing two elements side by side to present a comparison or contrast9
14639674260metaphora direct comparison of two different things10
14639674261oxymoronan expression that is self contradictory (e.g. Deafening Silence)11
14639674262parallelismthe purposeful use of sentences or clauses with similar syntactic structure12
14639674263rhetoricthe art of presenting ideas in a clear, effective, and persuasive manner13
14639674264similea comparison of two things using "like" or "as"14
14639674265syllogisma three-part deductive argument in which a conclusion is reached based on a major and minor premise (e.g. All men are mortal; Socrates is a man; therefore, Socrates is mortal)15
14639674266syntaxthe arrangement of words, phrases, and clauses in a sentence16
14639674267tonethe attitude of the writer towards the subject or audience17
14639674268understatementthe deliberate representation of something as being less significant than it actually is.18
14639677396argumenta statement of the meaning or main point of a literary work19
14639679519denotationthe literal meaning of a word20
14639685707ironythe use of words to convey the opposite of their literal meaning; or, incongruity between what is expected and what actually occurs21
14639688874eulogya formal speech praising a person who has died22
14639691692rhetorical devicesliterary techniques used to heighten the effectiveness of expression23
14673800368connotationthe implied or associative meaning of a word24
14673803284didactichaving the primary purpose of teaching or instructing25
14673806134euphemisman indirect, less offensive way of saying something that is considered unpleasant26
14673812722parodya humorous imitation of a serious work27
14673815715satirethe use of humor to emphasize human weaknesses or imperfections in social institutions28
14727886476conceita fanciful, particularly clever extended metaphor29
14727893711figurative languagelanguage employing one or more figures of speech (simile, metaphor, imagery, etc.)30
14727896653invectivean intensely vehement, highly emotional verbal attack31
14727900598litotesa type of understatement in which an idea is expressed by negating its opposite32
14727908942paradoxan apparently contradictory statement that actually contains some truth33
14855708750antecedentthe word, phrase, or clause to which a pronoun refers34
14855714117clichean expression that has been overused to the extent that its freshness has worn off35
14855721545foreshadowingthe presentation of material in such a way that the reader is prepared for what is to come later in the work36
14855729980metonymysubstituting the name of one object for another object closely associated with it37
14855739847rhetorical questiona question asked merely for rhetorical effect and not requiring an answer38
15092893907colloquialisminformal words or expressions not usually acceptable in formal writing39
15092897826declarative sentencea sentence that makes a statement or declaration40
15092912770idioman expression in a given language that cannot be understood from the literal meaning of the words in the expression; or, a regional speech or dialect41
15092940261phillippica strong verbal denunciation. The term comes from the orations of Demosthenes against Philip of Macedonia in the fourth century.42
15092951183solecismnonstandard grammatical usage; a violation of grammatical rules43
15369374072asyndetona construction in which elements are presented in a series without conjunctions44
15369382007homilya sermon, or a moralistic lecture45
15369387385jargonthe specialized language or vocabulary of a particular group or profession46
15369387386puna play on words, often achieved through the use of words with similar sounds but different meanings47
15369404702sarcasmharsh, cutting language or tone intended to ridicule48
15703828889apostrophea figure of speech in which one directly addresses an absent or imaginary person, or some abstraction49
15703835772dialecta variety of speech characterized by its own particular grammar or pronunciation, often associated with a particular geographical region50
15703841484hypothetical questiona question that raises a hypothesis, conjecture, or supposition51
15703844989moodthe emotional atmosphere of a work52
15703847414triteoverused and hackneyed53
15763937485complex sentencea sentence with one independent clause and at least one dependent clause54
15763942525dialougeconversation between two or more people55
15763950666epiphanya moment of sudden revelation or insight56
15763956333pedanticcharacterized by an excessive display of learning or scholarship57
15763967753synecdocheusing one part of an object to represent the entire object (for example, referring to a car simply as "wheels")58
16002386162ad hominem argumentan argument attacking an individual's character rather than his or her position on an issue59
16002387970deductive reasoningreasoning in which a conclusion is reached by stating a general principle and then applying that principle to a specific case (The sun rises every morning; therefore, the sun will rise on Tuesday morning.)60
16002402509implicationa suggestion an author or speaker makes (implies) without stating it directly61
16002408342malapropismthe mistaken substitution of one word for another word that sounds similar62
16002413626parentheticala comment that interrupts the immediate subject, often to qualify or explain63
16610727189archetypea detail, image, or character type that occurs frequently in literature and myth and is thought to appeal in a universal way to the unconscious and to evoke a response64
16610730377cumulative sentencea sentence in which the main independent clause is elaborated by the successive addition of modifying clauses or phrases65
16610740550epigrama brief, pithy, and often paradoxical saying66
16610745690onomatopoeiaa word formed from the imitation of natural sounds67
16610751295syllepsisa construction in which one word is used in two different senses ("After he threw the ball, he threw a fit.")68
16681432019chiasmusa statement consisting of two parallel parts in which the second part is structurally reversed69
16681441502inductive reasoningderiving general principles from particular facts or instances70
16681494592maxima concise statement, often offering advice; an adage71
16681539403non sequituran inference that does not follow logically from the premises (literally "does not follow")72
16681547115vernacularthe everyday speech of a particular country or region, often involving nonstandard usage73

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