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AP Language Terms Flashcards

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4423510395EpistropheThe repetition of a word at the end of successive clauses or sentences. For no government is better than the men who compose it, and I want the best, and we need the best, and we deserve the best. - John F. Kennedy0
4423543671Foil1) Prevent from succeeding 2) The track or a scent of a hunted animal. 3) A setback in an enterprise; a defeat. Example: "A brave policewoman foiled the armed robbery."1
4423545555OdeA lyric poem in the form of an address to a particular subject, often elevated in style or manner and written in varied or irregular meaning. Example: "Scatter, as from an unextinguish'd hearth Ashes and sparks, my words among mankind! Be through my lips to unawaken'd earth The trumpet of a prophecy! O Wind, If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?"2
4423548799MalapropismThe mistaken use of a word in place of a similar-sounding one, often with unintentionally amusing effect. Example: " Dance a flamingo" ( Instead of flamenco)3
4423548800AnthropomorphismThe attribution of human characteristics or behavior to a God, animal, or object. Example: Winnie-the-Pooh and his friends4
4423560089PloceFigure of speech in which a word is separated or repeated by way of emphasis. Example:"I am stuck on Band-Aid, and Band-Aid's stuck on me."5
4423562894AsyndetonThe omission or absence of a conjunction between parts of a sentence. Example: "This is the villain among you who deceived you, who cheated you, who meant to betray you completely......."6
4423572038AnadiplosisThe repetition of a word or words in successive clauses in such a way that the second clause starts with the same word which marks the end of the previous clause. Example: "For Lycidas is dead, dead ere his prime, Young Lycidas and hath not left his peer."7
4423573539ZeugmaA figure of speech in which a word applies to two others in different senses or to two others of which it semantically suits only one. Example: "John lost his coat and his temper. "8
4423574956ApostropheIn literature, apostrophe is a figure of speech sometimes represented by exclamation "O". A writer or a speaker, using an apostrophe, detaches himself from the reality and addresses an imaginary character in his speech. Example: "Twinkle, twinkle, little star, How I wonder what you are. Up above the world so high, Like a diamond in the sky."9
4423580305AntithesisAntithesis, literal meaning opposite, is a rhetorical device in which two opposite ideas are put together in a sentence to achieve a contrasting effect. Example: " Setting foot on the moon may be a small step for a man but a giant step for mankind. "10
4423582393SynecdocheSynecdoche is a literary device in which a part of something represents the whole or it may use a whole to represent a part. Example: The phrase "gray beard" refers to an old man.11
4423582394MetonymyA figure of speech that replaces the name of a thing with the name of something else with which it is closely associated. We can come across examples of metonymy both from literature and in everyday life. Example: Let me give you a hand. (Hand means help.)12
4423585013AllegoryAllegory is a figure of speech in which abstract ideas and principles are described in terms of characters, figures and events. Example: The Lord of the Flies by William Golding has many allegories about society, morality and religion, etc. Piggy's glasses symbolize knowledge, The beast stands for evil and darkness, and The fire represents hope and destruction.13
4423586352AphorismAphorism is a statement of truth or opinion expressed in a concise and witty manner. Example: Life's Tragedy is that we get old too soon and wise too late. [Benjamin Franklin]14
4423586353AnaphoraThe deliberate repetition of the first part of the sentence in order to achieve an artistic effect is known as Anaphora. Example: "Every day, every night, in every way, I am getting better and better"15
4423587899ElegyElegy is a form of literature which can be defined as a poem or song in the form of elegiac couplets, written in honor of someone deceased. Example: "With the farming of a verse Make a vineyard of the curse, Sing of human unsuccess In a rapture of distress; In the deserts of the heart Let the healing fountain start, In the prison of his days Teach the free man how to praise."16
4423587900EllipsesEllipsis is a literary device that is used in narratives to omit some parts of a sentence or event, which gives the reader a chance to fill the gaps while acting or reading it out. It is usually written between the sentences as "...". Example: Cary Grant received a telegram from an editor inquiring, 'HOW OLD CARY GRANT?-to which he responded: 'OLD CARY GRANT FINE. HOW YOU?'"17
4423589657AnalogyAn analogy is a comparison in which an idea or a thing is compared to another thing that is quite different from it. Example: " Just as a caterpillar comes out of its cocoon, so we must come out of our comfort zone. "18
4423589658ConnotationConnotation refers to a meaning that is implied by a word apart from the thing which it describes explicitly. Example: Pushy refers to someone loud-mouthed and irritating.19
4423591885DenotationDenotation is generally defined as literal or dictionary meanings of a word in contrast to its connotative or associated meanings. Example: A dove is used to suggest peace or gentility.20
4423591886LitoteLitotes, derived from a Greek word meaning "simple", is a figure of speech which employs an understatement by using double negatives or, in other words, positive statement is expressed by negating its opposite expressions. Example: New York is not an ordinary city.21
4423593635EuphemismThe term euphemism refers to polite, indirect expressions which replace words and phrases considered harsh and impolite or which suggest something unpleasant. Example: You are becoming a little thin on top (bald).22
4423596100OnomatopoeiaOnomatopoeia is defined as a word, which imitates the natural sounds of a thing. It creates a sound effect that mimics the thing described, making the description more expressive and interesting. Example: He looked at the roaring sky.23
4423601618Logical FallaciesA fallacy is an erroneous argument dependent upon an unsound or illogical contention. There are many fallacy examples that we can find in everyday conversations. Example: "You can't demonstrate that there aren't Martians living in caves on the surface of Mars, so it is sensible for me to accept there are."24
4518968664Active VoiceWhen the verb of a sentence is in the active voice, the subject is doing the acting. Example: Kevin hit the ball. Effect: Kevin is the subject and acts in relation to the ball.25
4518993881HyperboleHyperbole, derived from a Greek word meaning "over-casting" is a figure of speech, which involves an exaggeration of ideas for the sake of emphasis. Example: Her smile was a mile wide.26
4519005422IronyIrony is a figure of speech in which words are used in such a way that their intended meaning is different from the actual meaning of the words. Example: A man who is a traffic cop gets his license suspended for unpaid parking tickets.27
4519025370ParadoxA statement that appears to be self-contradictory or silly but may include a latent truth. Example: I'm happy but I'm sad.28
4519037010JuxtapositionThe fact of two things being seen or placed close together with contrasting effect. Example: Despair and hope29
4519051454MetaphorA figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to an object or action to which it is not literally applicable. Example: She is fishing in troubled waters.30
4519086755Passive VoiceObject of an active sentence. Example: The savannah is roamed by beautiful giraffes.31
4519099844Point of ViewPoint of view is the angle of considering things, which shows us the opinion, or feelings of the individuals involved in a situation. Example: "I felt like I was getting drowned with shame and disgrace."32

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