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AP Language Terms Flashcards

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4756748443UnderstatementDeliberate representation of something as much smaller, worse, or less important than it is in reality. For example, you win 10 million dollars in a lottery. When you tell a news reporter "I am delighted", you are making an understatement.0
4756748444Hyperbole / OverstatementDeliberate representation of something as bigger, better, or more important than it is in reality. For example, when you meet a friend after a long time, you say, "Ages have passed since I last saw you".1
4756748445LitotesA figure of speech consisting of an understatement in which an affirmative is expressed by negating its opposite. For example, using the expression "not too bad" for "very good" is an understatement as well as a double negative statement that confirms a positive idea by negating the opposite.2
4756748446MetonymyA figure of speech that replaces the name of a thing with the name of something else with which it is closely associated. For example, referring to a queen as the "crown".3
4756748447SynecdocheA figure of speech in which a part of something represents the whole or it may use a whole to represent a part. For example, calling a car "a set of wheels."4
4756748448MetaphorA direct poetic comparison of two unlike things or ideas. a. Extended Metaphor—Author carries the comparison throughout a passage or entire piece often by making multiple comparisons. For example, "He is the black sheep of the family."5
4756748449SimileComparing two things using like or as6
4756748450AllusionReference to someone or something from literature or history.7
4756748451AntithesisPutting two opposite ideas in the same sentence to highlight direct contrast or opposition. For example, "That's one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind."8
4756748452PersonificationAssigning human characteristics to non-human objects including animals or ideas. For example, when we say, "The sky weeps" we are giving the sky the ability to cry.9
4756748453ParadoxAn apparently true statement or group of statements that leads to a contradiction or a situation which defies intuition. For example, "Your enemy's friend is your enemy" or "I am nobody."10
4756748454AnalogyA logical comparison between two things allowing for knowledge of familiar concept to an unfamiliar concept. For example, "Just as a sword is the weapon of a warrior, a pen is the weapon of a writer."11
4756748455AllegoryIn literature, the use of a narratives characters and events to represent abstract ideas or principles.12
4756748456ApostropheAddressing an absent or imaginary person, object, or concept as if it were the recipient of a letter or lecture.13
4756748457Oxymorona figure of speech that combines two normally contradictory terms. For example, "jumbo shrimp" or "instant classic."14
4756748458Juxtapositiona literary technique in which two or more ideas, places, characters and their actions are placed side by side for the purpose of developing comparisons and contrasts. For example, "It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness..."15

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