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AP Language TERMS Flashcards

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4916940736Adage or AphorismA folk saying with a lesson. ("A rolling stone gathers no moss.")0
4916940737EllipsisThe deliberate omission of a word or phrase from prose done for effect by the author.1
4916940738EuphemismA more agreeable or less offensive substitute for generally unpleasant words or concepts. Sometimes they are used for political correctness.2
4916940739MetonymyReplacing an actual word or idea, with a related word or concept.3
4916940740SynecdocheA kind of metonymy when a whole is represented by naming one of its parts, or vice versa. ("Check out my new wheels.")4
4916940741InvectiveA long, emotionally violent, attack using strong, abusive language.5
4916940742PacingThe speed or tempo of an author's writing. (An author's pacing can be fast, sluggish, stabbing, vibrato, staccato, measured, etc.)6
4916940743ParadoxA seemingly contradictory situation which is actually true7
4916940744AntithesisTwo opposite or contrasting words, phrases, or clauses, or even ideas, with parallel structure. ("It was the best of times, it was the worst of times")8
4916940745Parathetical IdeaParentheses are used to set off an idea from the rest of the sentence. It is almost considered an aside...a whisper, and should be used sparingly for effect, rather than repeatedly. Parentheses can also be used to set off dates and numbers.9
4916940746ParodyAn exaggerated imitation of a serious work for humorous purposes10
4916940747PolysyndetonWhen a writer creates a list of items which are all separated by conjunctions. Normally, a conjunction is used only before the last item in a list.11
4916940748SatireA work that reveals a critical attitude toward some element of life to a humorous effect. It targets human vices and follies, or social institutions and conventions12
4916940749Cumulative SentenceWhen the writer begins with an independent clause, then adds subordinate elements13
4916940750Periodic SentenceWhen the main idea is not completed until the end of the sentence. The writer begins with subordinate elements and postpones the main clause.14
4916940751UnderstatementThe ironic minimizing of fact.15
4916940752ArgumentA piece of reasoning with one or more premises and a conclusion16
4916940753ConclusionsThe end result of the argument - the main point being made17
4916940754ConcessionAccepting at least part or all of an opposing viewpoint.18
4916940755Conditional StatementAn if-then statement and consists of two parts, an antecedent and a consequent. ("If you studied hard, then you will pass the test.")19
4916940756Deductive ArgumentAn argument in which it is thought that the premises provide a guarantee of the truth of the conclusion.20
4916940757FallacyAn attractive but unreliable piece of reasoning21
4916940758Inductive ArgumentAn argument in which it is thought that the premises provide reasons supporting the probable truth of the conclusion22
4916940759Cliché ThinkingUsing as evidence a well-known saying, as if it is proven, or as if it has no exceptions23
4916940760Hasty GeneralizationA generalization based on too little or unrepresentative data24
4916940761Non Sequitur (or invalid argument)A conclusion that does not follow from its premises; an invalid argument25
4916976912OxymoronWhen apparently contradictory terms are grouped together and suggest a paradox - "wise fool," "eloquent silence," "jumbo shrimp."26
4916978010AnaphoraRepetition of a word, phrase, or clause at the beginning of two or more sentences or clauses in a row. This is a deliberate form of repetition and helps make the writer's point more coherent. "I came, I saw, I conquered."27
4916985961PremisesStatements offered as reasons to support a conclusion28

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