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AP Language Terms Flashcards

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4025913965rhetorical trianglespeaker, audience, purpose0
4025915791rhetorical appealsethos, pathos, logos1
4025918931claimstatement that supports thesis: beginning of body paragraphs2
4025966941evidencefacts that support the claim3
4025968644interpretationhow the evidence relates back to the thesis4
4025971430concessionwhen you give the other side of the argument some credit (follows up with counterargument)5
4025973078qualificationto modify or limit an argument in some way6
4026027430refuteto prove a statement or theory to be wrong or false; disapprove7
4026037024defendto write in favor; attempt to justify8
4026044180logical fallaciesunreasonable, weaknesses in an argument; does not supply logical evidence (banned wagon, card stacking)9
4026056175narrationa mode of discourse: tells a story; in rhetorical argument the exposition of the question they are clearly organized in time, make a central point, and contain specific details relevant to that point10
4026072025descriptiona mode of discourse: essay development that makes a statement, an account, picture with words that describes in great detail; physical description; imagery11
4026078998exemplificationto be a very good example of something12
4026094122process and analysisa mode of discourse: a method of paragraph or essay development by which a writer explains step by step how something is done or how to do something13
4026096933comparison and contrastwriting showing how two subjects are similar and or different14
4026096934divisionseparates things into categories15
4026098611definitiona statement or direct meaning of a word16
4026100150cause and effectwhen one thing happens so another thing will occure17
4026100151hyperboleexaggerations not to be taken literally18
4026101710litotesan understatement in which an affirmative is expressed by negating its opposite19
4026106624apostrophespeaking to someone not present, as if they were, speaking to a personified object or idea20
4026109344imageryvisually descriptive or figurative language21
4026109345ironystate of affairs that seems deliberately contrary to what one expects and is often amusing as a result22
4026109346metaphora figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to an object or action to which it is not literally applicable23
4026111074similea figure of speech in a phrase that uses like or as to apply to an object or action to which it is not literally applicable24
4026111075analogya relational comparison or similarity between two objects/ideas25
4026112755metonymythe substitution of the name of an attribute or adjunct for that of the thing meant,26
4026112756synecdochea figure of speech in which a part is made to represent the whole or vice versa27
4026114388oxymoronapparently contradicting terms appear in the conjunction28
4026114389paradoxcreates a mental discontinuity that forces the reader to pause and seek clarity; truth that defies our institution29
4026114399juxtapositionthe fact of two things that are being seen or placed close together with contrasting effects30
4026115987personificationattribution of human characteristics to something nonhuman31
4026115988alliterationrepetition of initial consonant sounds in word near each other32
4026117763onomatopoeiaformation of words that have a sound associated with the word33
4026117764allusiona reference to something well-known34
4026119342rhetorical questionany question asked for a purpose35
4026119343tonegeneral character or attitude about the piece of writing36
4026119344moodtemporary state of mind or feeling that is associated with the piece of writing37
4026121633theme - thesisa concise summary of the main points of the essay38
4026121634repetitionan act of repeating something that has already been said or written39
4026121635restatementnecessary when it is determined that a previous statement contains a material inaccuracy40
4026125732anecdotea brief personal story that serves a persuasive purpose41
4026127195connotationidea or feeling that a word invokes on its literal meaning42
4026127196colloquialfamiliar conversation; not formal43
4026128600jargonspecial words or expressions that are used by a specific group of people that are hard for other people to understand44
4026128601charged dictioncapable of producing violent emotion or arousing controversy45
4026130478declarativesentence that makes an assertion or basic sentence46
4026132069imperativesentence that gives a command47
4026133370exclamatorya forceful version of a declarative sentence48
4026136044interrogativesentence that asks a question49
4026137853simple sentenceone independent clause50
4026140006compound sentencetwo independent clauses51
4026143125complex sentenceone dependent and one independent clause52
4026146628compound complex sentenceat least two independent clauses and one dependent53
4026151623interrupted ordera group of words or phrase that interrupts the flow of the sentence54
4026151624inverted orderverb is placed before the subject55
4026153153listing ordera list that is in the essay56
4026154816cumulative sentenceindependent clause followed by subordinate phrases and clauses57
4026165867periodic sentencea long and involved sentence, suspended syntax, several dependent clauses that proceed an independent clause58
4026179328parallelismthe sentence structure is set up similarly59
4026186470antithesisjuxtaposing contrasting ideas/images in a parallel structure60
4026186471chiasmuswhen concepts are repeated in reverse order61
4026186472ellipsesintentional omission of a word62
4026188612asyndetona lack of coordination conjunctions63
4026191535anadiplosisrepetition of the last word in a proceeding clause64
4026193493anaphoradeliberate repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of poetic lines, prose sentences, clauses, or paragraphs65
4026199208epistropheending a series of lines, phrases, clauses, or sentences with the same word66
4026205379polysyndetonthe use of consecutive coordinating conjunctions even when unneccessary67
4026210678enumerationlisting, cataloging (even steps to complete something)68
4026213674antimetablerepetition of words in successive clauses69
4026215201parenthetical asidea break in a sentence where there is an aside in parenthesises70
4026215202dashes- - - -71
4026215203colon, , , ,72
4026217793semi-colon; ; ; ;73
4026220701impassionedfilled with intense feeling74
4026222061detachedunattached, unbiased75
4026223392allusivecharacterized by allusions76
4026224893allegoricalsymbolic narrative, figurative77
4026227680condescendingpatronizing; talking down to78
4026229595flippantlacking seriousness, frivolously disrespectful79
4026232950facetiousnot meant to be taken literally or seriously80
4026235437derisivecontemptuous; scornful; mocking81
4026237332zealousardently devoted; passionate82
4026244474classificationclassifying something with shared qualities or characterisitcs83
4026244475indignationanger or annoyance that is perceived by unfair treatment84
4026244476admonitionauthoritative counsel or warning85
4026246312incredulityinability or unwillingness to believe; skeptical86
4026246313bewildermenta confused, bewildered state; puzzled87
4026246314criticaljudge with severity; skillful judgement of truth or merit; pertaining to critics or criticism88
4026247927irreverentdisrespectful89
4026247928sarcasticharsh, bitter, snearing, ironic90
4026249855solicitudecare or concern for someone or something91
4026249856melancholyfeeling of sadness with no obvious cause92
4026250919barrentoo poor to produce much93
4026250920specioussuperficially plausible but usually wrong94
4026250921homagespecial honor or respect showed publically95
4026252898frivolousnot having serious purpose or value96
4026252899mahometanismmuslism97
4026255150abrogaterepeal or to do away with98
4026257160prerogativea privilege to a specific class99
4026257161disparateessentially different in kind100
4026297233argumenta course of reasoning at demonstrating truth or falsehood; a traditional mode of discourse101
4026339976thoughtfulabsorbing in or involving thought102
4026341190jocularfond of or characterized by joking103
4026341191iratefeeling or characterized by great anger104
4026341192poignantevoking a keen sense of sadness or regret105
4026342174contentiouslikely to cause an argument106
4026342175moralisticexpressive or concerning of morality107
4026342176restrainedcharacterized by reserve or moderation108
4026344258sentimentalemotional, especially tender emotions or feelings109
4026347447introspectiveself-reflective110
4026348744compassionatesympathetic; desire to alleviate suffering111
4026351705tranquilpeaceful, quiet, calm, serene112
4026354471ferventintense spirit, enthusiasm; ardent; hot, burning with intensity113
4026362197viandsitem of food; a delicacy114
4026363322vitiatedto spoil; weaken the quality of; debase115
4026363323concoctiona combination of ingredients116
4026363324tractatesto treatise; essay; a piece of writing117
4026364557temperancemoderation; self-control118
4026364558mannadivine, spiritual food (allusion)119
4026365763promiscuousindiscriminant; casual120
4026365764defileto make foul; violate; sully121
4026365765prescriptiona written direction122
4026366763poor lawlaw relating to the poor123
4026366764solomonking of Israel (allusion0124
4026368266psycheGreek mythological reference (allusion0125
4026368267syriaca form of Aramaic (allusion)126
4026368268salliesa sudden rush forth or of activity127
4026369663garlanda wreath; flower ornament128
4026369664mammonriches; wealth129
4026369665liberalfavorable to max individual freedoms; generous130
4026371467conservativedisposed to preserve existing conditions and traditions131
4026371468toryAmerican colonist that sided with Britain during the American Revolution132
4026371469cynicalbitter, distrustful, pessimistic133
4026374241fancifulwhimsical, imaginary134
4026374242humorousfunny135
4026374243objectiveunbiased136
4026375839laudatorypraising137
4026375840evocativebringing strong images138
4026377084repugnantextremely distasteful, unacceptable139
4026377085raptcompletely fascinated by what one is seeing or hearing; enthralled140
4026378521didacticinstructive; lecture; moral lesson141
4026378522reverentdeeply respectful142
4026378523perplexedpuzzling, bewildered143
4026381003complexcomposed of many parts144
4026381004terseconcise, abrupt, short145
4026381005sombergloomily dark; depressing; serious; grave146
4026382744scornfulfeeling or expressing contempt147
4026382745inconsistentnot staying the same throughout148
4026384846provocativecausing annoyance or anger149
4026386389incompatibleunable to live together harmoniously150
4026386390offensivecausing displeasure; irritating; angering; disagreeable151
4026386391hostilepertaining to an enemy; opposed in feeling or character; not friendly152
4026387846disjointedlacking coherent sequence or connection153
4026391403unbiasedshowing no prejudice for or against something154
4026603354denotionsthe literal meaning of a word155
4026606358formaldone with accordance with rules of convention or etiquette156

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