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AP Language Terms Flashcards

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7454625231rhetorical strategiesany tools used by the author to make his/her point more convincing. [Blank] help the author apeal to pathos and logos, or, in other words, to build more powerful emotional and logical appeals0
7454625232appeals to authorityusing the endorsement, approval or voice of authority to make an argument seem more convincing.1
7454625233anecdotethe retelling of a brief incident that may illustrate or prove a point made in an argument2
7454625234dilemmaa conflict whose resolution requires one of two choices, both of which are unfavorable or disagreeable3
7454625235invectivean emotionally violent attack, using strong and critical language, on an individual or an institution4
7454625236rhetorical questiona question asked to make a point. The speaker/writer already knows the answer to the question, and he asked to remind his audience of this answer5
7454625237juxtapositiona device by which a writer or speaker [blank] or places two items side by side to create an ironic contrast or effect6
7454625238paradoxa reconciliation of opposites; a true statement that seems contradictory7
7454625239oxymorona two-word expression of seeming contradiction8
7455268559parallel structuretwo or more words, phrases, or clauses that are similar in length and grammatical form; using the same pattern of words to show that two or more ideas have the same level of importance9
7455280230antithesisthe contrast of opposites within parallel clauses or phrases10
7455287163hyperbole (overstatement)a deliberate exaggeration for effect11
7455290694litotes (understatement)ironic understatement in which an affirmative is expressed by the negative of its contrary12
7455303774tonethe author's attitude toward his/her audience. [Blank] shifts occur frequently in complex passages and are often clues to meaning.13
7455344445figurative languagelanguage that asks us to imagine, or "see" one thing as something else14
7455464627metaphora direct comparison, sometimes implied15
7455467699similean indirect comparison using "like" or "as"16
7455471642analogya more developed simile17
7455473969personificationgiving life to inanimate objects18
7455479541symbola figure that represents an abstract idea19
7455483002imagerylanguage that appeals to any of the five senses.20
7456513849connotationwords that have an emotional power or are strongly suggestive.21
7456582467concrete detailsspecific nouns, verbs and modifiers that allow the reader or listener to visualize exactly what the speaker/writer depicts22
7456601152allusionsindirect references to works, events, or figures that the author assumes the reader is familiar with.23
7456611253alliterationthe repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words in order to emphasize these words or to create a particular mood24
7456626233onomatopoeiawords that sound like what they are. These words create energy in a written or spoken piece and emphasize a particular action or force of an incident25
7456673236dictionthe word choices made by a writer26
7456676362syntaxthe manner in which words are arranged into sentences27
7456681629anaphorarepetition of the same word or group of words at the beginning of successive clauses28
7456696405jargonthe specialized language or vocabulary a particular group or profession29
7456723473parodya humorous imitation of a serious work30
7456728941sarcasmfrom the Greek meaning "to tear flesh," [blank] involves bitter, caustic language that is meant to hurt or ridicule someone. It may use irony as a device, but not all ironic statements are [blank] (that is, intended to ridicule)31
7456781776satirea work that targets human vices and follies or social institutions and conventions for reform or ridicule32
7456795008synecdochefigure of speech in which a part stands for the whole33
7456810655metonymyfigure of speech that replaces the name of a thing with the name of something else with which it is closely associated34
7456835040apostrophefigure of speech that directly addresses an absent or imaginary person or a personified abstraction, such as liberty or love. It is an address to someone or something that cannot answer. The effect may add familiarity or emotional intensity35
7456864131colloquial/colloquialismthe use of slang or informality in speech and writing. Not generally acceptable for formal writhing, [blank] give a work a conversational, familiar tone. Colloquial expressions in writing include local or regional dialects.36

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