Terms : Hide Images
| 2846204149 | "Stacking Ammo" | Building evidence and ideas to use a later time through a collection of jotted thoughts, random notes, free writes (Eminem) | 0 | |
| 2846204150 | Ad Hominem | In an argument, this is an attack on the person rather than on the opponent's ideas. It comes from the Latin meaning "against the man." | 1 | |
| 2846204152 | Analysis | to separate into parts for inspection and evaluation | 2 | |
| 2846204153 | anaphora | the use of repeated words at the beginnings of phrases, clauses and sentences | 3 | |
| 2846204154 | antithesis | the juxtaposition of opposites, often in parallel structure | 4 | |
| 2846204155 | Appeal to force | The reader is told that something bad will happen to him if he doesn't accept the argument | 5 | |
| 2846204156 | Appeal to pity | the reader is urged to accept the argument based upon an appeal to emotions, sympathy, etc. | 6 | |
| 2846204157 | Appeal to popular | the reader is urged to accept something because a majority of people hold to it | 7 | |
| 2846204158 | Appeal to tradition | trying to get someone to accept something because it has been done or believed for a long time | 8 | |
| 2846204159 | Argument | A single assertion or a series of assertions presented and defended by the writer | 9 | |
| 2846204160 | Argument from doubtful or unidentified authority | using a dubious or anonymous authority to support a claim | 10 | |
| 2846204161 | Argumentation | The purpose of this rhetorical mode is to prove the validity of an idea, or point of view, by presenting sound reasoning, discussion, and argument that thoroughly convince the reader. | 11 | |
| 2846204162 | Assertion | an emphatic statement; declaration. An assertion supported by evidence becomes an argument | 12 | |
| 2846204163 | Assumption | a belief or statement taken for granted without proof | 13 | |
| 2846204164 | Attitude | the relationship an author has toward his or her subject, and/or his or her audience | 14 | |
| 2846204165 | Attribution | crediting a source informally as in "According to Thomas C. Foster, author of How to Read Literature Like a Professor . . ." | 15 | |
| 2846204166 | Audience | the intended receiver/s for a speaker or writer's message | 16 | |
| 2846204167 | Author bias | prejudice or predisposition toward one side of a subject or issue | 17 | |
| 2846204168 | Authority | Arguments that draw on recognized experts or persons with highly relevant experience. | 18 | |
| 2846204169 | Author's credentials | the background that an author brings that lend ethos to a piece of writing | 19 | |
| 2846204170 | backing | in the Toulmin scheme, support for the warrant; the unstated assumption behind the argument | 20 | |
| 2846204171 | Bandwagon Appeal | convince readers that everyone else believes something so the reader should, too | 21 | |
| 2846204172 | Begging the Question | Often called circular reasoning, __ occurs when the believability of the evidence depends on the believability of the claim. | 22 | |
| 2846204173 | Cause and Effect | assuming that the effect is related to a cause because the event occur together | 23 | |
| 2846204174 | Chronological order | in the order of time. First, second, third. The simplest way to structure a narrative | 24 | |
| 2846204175 | Circular Reasoning | The practice of assuming something in order to prove the very thing you assumed | 25 | |
| 2846204176 | claim | a statement of a position; a stand or thesis | 26 | |
| 2846204177 | Classical appeals | logos, ethos, pathos | 27 | |
| 2846204178 | Classical argumentation | Introduction (Exordium), Backgroun (Narratio), Thesis/Claim (Partitio), Proof/Evidence (Confirmatio), Counterargument (Refutatio), Conclusion (Peroratio) | 28 | |
| 2846204179 | Coherence | the clear connection of the parts in a piece of writing often through transition or bridge ideas | 29 | |
| 2846204180 | Comparison-contrast | two methods of development usually found together in which a writer examines the similarities and differences to reveal their natures | 30 | |
| 2846204181 | conditions of rebuttal | in the Toulmin scheme, the anticipation and addressing of counter-arguments | 31 | |
| 2846204182 | confirmatio | the arguments supporting the proposition; the evidence propping up the arguments | 32 | |
| 2846204183 | Connotation | the interpretive level or a word based on its associated images rather than its literal meaning. | 33 | |
| 2846204184 | Counterargument | challenge to a position; an opposing argument | 34 | |
| 2846204185 | creation myth | a particular kind of traditional story that explains how the universe, the earth, and life on earth began | 35 | |
| 2846204186 | Data | in the Toulmin scheme, the actual evidence in support of the reasons | 36 | |
| 2846204187 | Deductive reasoning | The process of moving from a general rule to a specific example. | 37 | |
| 2846204188 | Denotation | the literal or dictionary meaning of a word | 38 | |
| 2846204189 | Description | The purpose of this rhetorical mode is to re-create, invent, or visually present a person, place, event, or action so that the reader can picture that being described. Sometimes an author engages all five senses. | 39 | |
| 2846204190 | Details | specifically described items placed in a work for effect and meaning | 40 | |
| 2846204191 | Diction | the author's choice of words that creates tone, attitude, and style, as well as meaning | 41 | |
| 2846204192 | Didactic | writing whose purpose is to instruct or to teach. A ___ work is usually formal and focuses on moral or ethical concerns. | 42 | |
| 2846204193 | Either-or reasoning | When the writer reduces an argument or issue to two polar opposites and ignores any alternatives. | 43 | |
| 2846204194 | Ellipsis | Indicated by a series of three periods, the __ indicates that some material has been omitted from a given text. | 44 | |
| 2846204195 | enthymeme | a statement that omits a premise that is understood by the audience; a shortened syllogism | 45 | |
| 2846204196 | Equivocation | the same term is used in different places but the word has different meanings | 46 | |
| 2846204197 | Ethical Appeal | When a writer tries to persuade the audience to respect and believe him or her based on a presentation of image of self through the text. | 47 | |
| 2846204198 | Ethos | an appeal based on the character of the speaker. An __-driven document relies on the reputation of the author. | 48 | |
| 2846204199 | Evidence | the data, example, facts used to support an argument | 49 | |
| 2846204200 | Example | an individual instance taken to be representative of a general pattern | 50 | |
| 2846204201 | exordium | the introduction that gains the audience's attention | 51 | |
| 2846204202 | Explication | The act of interpreting or discovering the meaning of a text. __ usually involves close reading and special attention to figurative language. | 52 | |
| 2846204203 | Exposition | The purpose of this rhetorical mode is to explain and analyze information by presenting an idea, relevant evidence, and appropriate discussion. | 53 | |
| 2846204204 | Fallacy | Statements that are logically false, but which appear to be true. Basically, an error in reasoning. | 54 | |
| 2846204205 | False analogy | the claim that persuasive likeness exists when no significant likeness exists | 55 | |
| 2846204206 | False Dilemma (Either/Or) | Two choices are given when in actuality there could be more choices available | 56 | |
| 2846204207 | Figurative Language | Writing or speech that is not intended to carry literal meaning and is usually meant to be imaginative and vivid. | 57 | |
| 2846204208 | Figure of Speech | A device used to produce figurative language. Many compare dissimilar things. Examples are apostrophe, hyperbole, irony, metaphor, metonomy, oxymoron, paradox, personification, simile, synecdoche, and understatement. | 58 | |
| 2846204209 | Five W's and H | Who, what, where, when, why, and how--the journalist's questions | 59 | |
| 2846204211 | Generalization | a statement about a class based on examination of some of its members | 60 | |
| 2846204212 | Guilt by Association | a person is judged because of his associations, his friends, his family, not because of anything he has done | 61 | |
| 2846204213 | Hasty Generalization | looking only at a small group as representative of the whole or may only look at a small part of the issue | 62 | |
| 2846204214 | Historical context | Historical context is the setting for a particular idea or event with political, social, cultural, and economic. In order to better understand something in history, we must look at its context, the things which surround it in time and place and which give it its meaning. | 63 | |
| 2846204215 | Historical narratives | accounts of real-life historical experiences, given either by a person who experienced those events or by someone who has studied or observed them | 64 | |
| 2846204216 | hyperbole | exaggeration to achieve a heightened effect | 65 | |
| 2846204217 | Inductive reasoning | reasoning from the specific to the general | 66 | |
| 2846204218 | Inference | A reasonable conclusion from the information presented | 67 | |
| 2846204219 | Integration of quotations | 1. Provide a context for each quotation 2. Attribute each quotation to its source 3. Explain the significance of the quotation 4. Provide a citation for the quotation | 68 | |
| 2846204220 | invention | the process of formulating and ordering ideas for speaking and writing | 69 | |
| 2846204221 | irony | a figure of speech in which the actual meaning of the words is expressed as the literal opposite | 70 | |
| 2846204222 | Loaded language | words with strong connotations or emotional associations | 71 | |
| 2846204223 | Loaded questions | an informal fallacy. It is committed when someone asks a question that: presupposes something that has not been proven or accepted by all the people involved (a complex question) and # contains controversial assertions and/or loaded language. | 72 | |
| 2846204224 | Logical fallacies | errors in reasoning | 73 | |
| 2846204225 | Logos | an appeal based on logic or reason | 74 | |
| 2846204226 | metaphor | a comparison between unlike things | 75 | |
| 2846204227 | Mood | This term has two distinct technical meanings in English writing. The first meaning is grammatical and deals with verbal units and a speaker's attitude. The second meaning is literary, meaning the prevailing atmosphere or emotional aura of a work. | 76 | |
| 2846204228 | narratio | background information; the facts of the case | 77 | |
| 2846204229 | Narration | The purpose of this type of rhetorical mode is to tell the story or narrate an event or series of events. | 78 | |
| 2846204230 | Narrative | The telling of a story or an account of an event or series of events. | 79 | |
| 2846204231 | Non-Sequitur | Comments that do not logically follow from a premise or the conclusion | 80 | |
| 2846204232 | Oversimplification | the act of making something seem simpler than it really is to the point of misconception | 81 | |
| 2846204233 | Parallelism | refers to the grammatical or rhetorical framing of words, phrases, sentences, or paragraphs to give structural similarity. | 82 | |
| 2846204234 | Paraphrase | acknowledged borrowing from a source without directly using a writer's exact words | 83 | |
| 2846204235 | Paraphrasing | the act of condensing an author's words into your own words but maintaining the basic length and style of the original | 84 | |
| 2846204236 | partitio | the main headings or topics under which a topic will be discussed | 85 | |
| 2846204237 | Pathos | an appeal based on emotion. | 86 | |
| 2846204238 | periodic sentence | a very long sentence that delays the predicate until the end, or both the subject and the predicate, until the end. (i.e. main clause with the main verb) | 87 | |
| 2846204239 | peroratio | conclusion; summary of arguments, calling for a specific response and making a final emotional appeal | 88 | |
| 2846204240 | Persona | the speaker, voice, or character assumed by the author of a piece of writing | 89 | |
| 2846204241 | Persuasion | a mode of writing intended to influence people's actions by engaging their beliefs and feelings | 90 | |
| 2846204242 | Plagiarism | Literary theft. Using someone's ideas and style and passing the off as your own. | 91 | |
| 2846204243 | Poisoning the Well | presenting negative information about a person before he/she speaks so as to discredit the person's argument | 92 | |
| 2846204244 | Post hoc, ergo propter hoc | from Latin "after this, therefore because of this"; assuming that B follows A, B was cause by A | 93 | |
| 2846204245 | Primary source | works that offer direct, first hand knowledge, such as diaries, memoirs, and personal histories | 94 | |
| 2846204246 | propositio | the main idea or thesis | 95 | |
| 2846204248 | Purpose | One's intention or objective in a speech or piece of writing | 96 | |
| 2846204249 | qualifier | in the Toulmin scheme, a limit on the claim | 97 | |
| 2846204250 | Qualify | rather than defend or challenge, accept parts of an argument but refute others | 98 | |
| 2846204252 | reasons | in the Toulmin scheme, supports for the claim | 99 | |
| 2846204253 | Red Herring | a diversion to lead the argument to an entirely new topic | 100 | |
| 2846204254 | refutatio | the counter-arguments | 101 | |
| 2846204255 | rhetorical context | background or situation to which a persuasive message is addressed | 102 | |
| 2846204256 | Rhetorical questions | questions that are asked, often in introductions, that do not require answers; an overdone rhetorical strategy | 103 | |
| 2846204257 | rhetorical triangle | traditionally, a figure representing the writer, audience and message as the three points of the triangle; in the modern version a figure consisting of five elements; writer, audience message, purpose, and rhetorical context. | 104 | |
| 2846204258 | Rogerian argument | a modern method of argumentation that tries to find mutually agreeable solutions to problems by seeking common ground, building trust, and reducing threat | 105 | |
| 2846204259 | says/does analysis | a method for close reading and rhetorical analysis of a text, using summary of the content of the text (what the text says) and description of the construction, organization , and form of the text 9what the text does) | 106 | |
| 2846204260 | Secondary source | works that offer indirect, secondhand knowledge | 107 | |
| 2846204261 | Slave narratives | an autobiographical account written by someone who endured the miseries of slavery | 108 | |
| 2846204262 | Strategy | whatever means a writer employs to write effectively | 109 | |
| 2846204263 | style | the way in which the writer or speaker expresses ideas | 110 | |
| 2846204264 | Summarizing | to condense a work (essay, movie, news story) to its essence | 111 | |
| 2846204265 | Summary | the act of result of condensing a work to its essence | 112 | |
| 2846204266 | syllogism | a chain of logical reasoning moving from general, universal principles to specific instances | 113 | |
| 2846204267 | Syntax | The grammatical structure of prose and poetry. | 114 | |
| 2846204268 | Synthesis | the joining of two or more idea, arguments, abstracts to produce a new idea, argument, or abstract; result of thesis and antithesis | 115 | |
| 2846204269 | Theme | the central idea of a story or essay. The Scarlet Letter theme = You will spend the rest of your life paying for your mistakes. | 116 | |
| 2846204270 | Thesis | An attitude or position taken by the speaker or writer. | 117 | |
| 2846204271 | Tone | the speaker's attitude toward the subject or audience | 118 | |
| 2846204272 | Toulmin method | a model of informal logic commonly used in argumentation | 119 | |
| 2846204273 | Transcript | a written record of words originally spoken aloud such as a court case | 120 | |
| 2846204275 | Unity | the quality in good writing in which all parts relate to the thesis | 121 | |
| 2846204276 | visual rhetoric | the incorporation of visual elements (such as photographs, charts, or web sites) into an argument, and the rhetorical impact of those images on an audience | 122 | |
| 2846204277 | warrant | in the Toulmin scheme, the unstated assumption behind the argument | 123 |
