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| 3517305095 | rhetoric | The study of effective language use; according to Aristotle, use of the "available means of persuasion" | 0 | |
| 3517312039 | audience | One's listener or readership; those to whom a speech or piece of writing is addressed | 1 | |
| 3517316446 | content | The subject matter being conveyed; the facts being expressed | 2 | |
| 3517320721 | purpose | One's intention or objective in a piece of writing | 3 | |
| 3517325895 | Thesis/claim/assertion | An emphatic statement; declaration. An assertion is supported by evidence becomes an argument | 4 | |
| 3517330138 | Subject | In rhetoric the topic addressed in a piece of writing | 5 | |
| 3517333639 | Speaker | a term used for the author, speaker, or the person whose perspective (real or imagined) is being advanced in a speech or piece of writing | 6 | |
| 3517344962 | persona | The speaker, voice, or character assumed by the author of a piece of wring | 7 | |
| 3517350825 | Rhetorical/Aristotelian triangle | A diagram that represents a rhetorical situation as the relationship among the speaker, subject, and audience | 8 | |
| 3517360924 | Ethos | Refers to the character of a person; credibility/writer | 9 | |
| 3517365442 | Pathos | Appeals to emotions | 10 | |
| 3517369336 | logos | An appeal to logic | 11 | |
| 3517372077 | Tone | The speaker's attitude toward the subject or audience | 12 | |
| 3517375622 | assumption | A belief or statement taken for granted without proof | 13 | |
| 3517378777 | counterargument | A challenge to a position; an opposing argument | 14 | |
| 3517382298 | concede | Agreeing that an opposing argument may be true | 15 | |
| 3517385182 | refute | Denying the validity of all or part of the argument | 16 | |
| 3517388813 | Connotation | That which is implied by a word, as opposed to the world's literal meaning Ex. Pushy refers to someone loud-mouthed and irritating | 17 | |
| 3517398274 | denotation | The literal meaning of a word; its dictionary definition | 18 | |
| 3517404270 | propagandistic | A negative term for writing designed to sway opinion rather than present information | 19 | |
| 3517408565 | Polemical | An argument against an idea, usually regarding philosophy, politics, or religion | 20 | |
| 3517420514 | Arrangement | Organization, the order in which the author or speaker positions their ideas in an essay or speech | 21 | |
| 3517429967 | exordium | "beginning a web" an appropriate description for an introduction | 22 | |
| 3517433013 | narratio | Provides factual information and background material on the subject | 23 | |
| 3517439616 | confirmatio | Includes the development or the proof needed to make the writer's case, containing specific and concrete details | 24 | |
| 3517446420 | refutatio | Addresses the counterargument; the bribe between the writer's proof and conclusion | 25 | |
| 3517452630 | Peroratio | Brings the essay to a close, brings all the writer's ideas together | 26 | |
| 3517457773 | Narration | Retelling an event or series of events | 27 | |
| 3517460615 | description | Is allied with narration, uses the five senses, often used to establish a mood or atmosphere | 28 | |
| 3517465330 | Process analysis | Explains how something works, how to do something, or how something was done | 29 | |
| 3517469694 | exemplification | Provides a series of examples- facts, specific cases, or instances; turns a general idea into a concrete one | 30 | |
| 3517478002 | Comparison and contrast | juxtaposing two things to highlight their similarities and differences | 31 | |
| 3517484324 | Classification and division | Sorts materials or ideas into major categories; a writer's task is to develop his or her own categories, to find a distinctive way of breaking down a larger idea or concept into parts | 32 | |
| 3517497346 | definition | Lays the foundation to establish common ground or identifying areas of conflict | 33 | |
| 3517503050 | Cause and effect | Foundation for argument; signaled by a why in the title or opening paragraph | 34 | |
| 3517507445 | Close reading | A careful reading that is attentive to organization, figurative language, sentence structure, vocabulary, and other literary and structural elements of a text | 35 | |
| 3517518224 | Analysis | Looking closely at small parts to see how they affect the whole | 36 | |
| 3517523844 | colloquialisms | An informal or conversational use of language Ex. Wanna- want to Gonna-going to Y'all-you all | 37 | |
| 3517535576 | Diction | Choice of words | 38 | |
| 3517537639 | Syntax | The arrangement of words | 39 | |
| 3517543188 | Metaphor | A trope which makes a comparison between two things or objects that are poles from each other but have some characteristics common between them | 40 | |
| 3517551251 | Simile | Uses "like" or "as" to compare to two things | 41 | |
| 3517554291 | personification | Assigning lifelike characteristics to inanimate objects | 42 | |
| 3517557887 | Hyperbole | exaggeration for the purpose of analysis | 43 | |
| 3517563044 | scheme | A pattern of words or sentence construction used for rhetorical effect | 44 | |
| 3517569062 | parallelisms | The deletion of similar grammatical or syntactical patterns Ex. Like father like son, Easy come easy go, Flying is fast comfortable and safe | 45 | |
| 3517582999 | Juxtaposition | Placement of two things side by side for emphasis Ex. All is fair in love and war. Better late then never. Beggars cannot be choosers | 46 | |
| 3517592036 | antithesis | Two opposite ideas are put together to achieve a contrasting effect Ex. Speech is silver but silence is gold. You are easy on the eyes but hard on the heart | 47 | |
| 3517606896 | Periodic | A sentence that builds toward and ends with a main close Ex. In spite of the heavy snow and cold temperatures, the game continued. If the price is good and the quality excellent, I might consider buying a designer dress. | 48 | |
| 3517628772 | Cumulative sentence | An independent clause followed by subordinate clause or phrases that supply additional detail Ex. Education has no equal in opening minds, instilling values, and creating opportunities. | 49 | |
| 3517641558 | Annotation | Explanatory or critical notes added to a text | 50 | |
| 3517646599 | Topic sentence | A sentence, often appearing at the beginning of a paragraph, that announces the paragraph's idea and often unites it with the work's thesis | 51 | |
| 3517659511 | Imagery | Vivid use of language that evoke a reader's senses (smell, sight, taste, feel, and hearing) | 52 | |
| 3517665888 | oxymoron | Figure of speech that combines two contradictory terms Ex. Pretty cruel. Amazingly awful. Alone together. Random order. Big baby | 53 | |
| 3517677762 | Dialectical journal | A double column journal in which one writes a quotation in one column and reflections on that quotation on the other column | 54 | |
| 3517691391 | Zeugma | A word, usually a verb or adjective, applies to more than one noun, blending together grammatically and logically different ideas Ex. John lost his coat and his temper. You are free to execute your laws, and your citizens, as you see fit. | 55 | |
| 3517709763 | Graphic organizer | organize ideas, see relationships, and retain information | 56 | |
| 3517714702 | archaic | Language used in writing that is considered today to be old-fashioned | 57 | |
| 3517722075 | Complex sentences | A sentence that includes one independent clause and least one dependent clause Ex. When the cost goes up, customers buy less clothing. | 58 | |
| 3517735152 | Declarative sentences | A sentence that makes a statement Ex. London is the capital of England. | 59 | |
| 3517743416 | anaphora | The repetition of words at the beginning of successive clauses Ex. Every day, every night, in every way, I am getting better and better. | 60 | |
| 3517761609 | Antimetabole | The repetition of words in an inverted order to sharpen a contrast Ex. Eat to live not live to eat We do what we like and we like what we do | 61 | |
| 3517781449 | Hortative sentence | A sentence urging some course of conduct or action; exhorting; encouraging Ex. Come with me and I'll tell you a story Not far to go now | 62 | |
| 3517914773 | Imperative sentence | A sentence that requests or commands | 63 | |
| 3517919808 | alliteration | The repetition of the same sound or letter at the beginning of consecutive words or syllables | 64 | |
| 3517927955 | allusion | An indirect reference, often to another text or a historic event Ex. Don't act like Romeo in front of her. Hey! Guess who the new Newton of our school is? | 65 | |
| 3517944190 | Asyndeton | Leaving out conjunctions between words, phrases, clauses Ex. Are all thy conquests, glories, triumphs, spoils, shrunk to this little measure? | 66 | |
| 3517958092 | inversion | A sentence in which the verb precedes the subject Ex. Destroy the Sith, we must! | 67 | |
| 3517969544 | Metonymy | Use of an aspect of something to represent the whole Ex. Let give me give you a hand (hand presents help) | 68 | |
| 3517982233 | Rhetorical question | A question asked more to produce an effect than to summon an answer Ex. Why not? Who knows? | 69 | |
| 3517989867 | Documentation | Bibliographic information about the sources used in a piece of writing | 70 | |
| 3517996509 | Sarcasm | To speak bitterly; meant to mock with often satirical or ironic remarks with a purpose to amuse and hurt someone simultaneously | 71 | |
| 3518006142 | Irony | A contradiction between what is said and what is meant Ex. The name of Britain's biggest dog of "Tiny." | 72 | |
| 3518014363 | Satire | An ironic, sarcastic, or witty composition that claims to argue for something, but actually argues against it Ex. Political cartoons, The Daily Show | 73 | |
| 3518027584 | Rhetorical strategy | Help a writer organize evidence, connect facts into a sequence and provide information necessary fro conveying a purpose or an argument | 74 | |
| 3518040587 | Rhetorical device | A use of language that is intended to have an effect on its audience Ex. Repetition, figurative language, and rhetorical question | 75 | |
| 3518056185 | Mythos | A pattern of beliefs expressing often symbolically the characteristic or prevalent attitudes in a group or culture | 76 | |
| 3518065820 | Jargon | A use of specific phrases and words by writers in a particular situation, profession or trade; specialized terms are used to convey hidden meanings accepted and understood in that field | 77 | |
| 3518082779 | Vulgar | Marked by a lack of taste, culture, delicacy, manners; vulgar behavior, vulgar language | 78 | |
| 3518091357 | scholarly | characteristic of scholars or scholarship | 79 | |
| 3518094617 | Syllogism | A form of deductive reasoning in which the conclusion is supported by a major and minor premise Ex. "All men are mortal," we know that John is man so "John is mortal." Major premise is "All men are mortal." Minor premise is "John is a man." Logical conclusion deduced from the statements is "John is mortal." | 80 | |
| 3518125912 | informal | Relaxed and friendly without being restricted by rules of correct behavior | 81 | |
| 3518131500 | precise | Sharply exact or accurate or specific | 82 | |
| 3518136168 | esoteric | Restricted to or intended for an enlightened or initiated minority | 83 | |
| 3518143622 | Faulty assumption | A defective idea that is formed without evidence | 84 | |
| 3518149817 | Literal | In accordance with, involving, or being the primary or strict meaning of the word or words | 85 | |
| 3518158945 | figurative | Language that uses words or expressions with a meaning that is different from the literal interpretation | 86 | |
| 3518168725 | Apostrophe | A figure of speech sometimes represented by exclamation "O." A writer or a speaker, using an apostrophe, detaches himself from the reality and addresses an imaginary character in his speech. | 87 | |
| 3518188494 | Pedantic | Someone who is concerned with precision, formalism, accuracy, minute details in order to make an arrogant and attract a show learning | 88 | |
| 3518197392 | Pretentious | Characterized by assumption of dignity or importance | 89 | |
| 3518203521 | Obtuse | Not quick or alert in perception, feeling or intellect; dull | 90 | |
| 3518209844 | Folksy | Simple and unpretentious behavior | 91 | |
| 3518212819 | Emotional | Manipulation an emotional response in place of a valid or compelling argument | 92 | |
| 3518227034 | Trite | Sometimes called clichés, are expressions which have grown stale through too frequent use Ex. Busy as a bee Bury the hatchet. Clear as crystal. Fair and square. | 93 | |
| 3518244058 | Idiomatic | Refers to a set expression or a phrase compromising two or more words Ex. Every cloud has it silver lining but it is sometimes a little difficult to get to the mint. (silver lining is an idiom which means some promising moment is lurking behind the cloud or difficult time | 94 | |
| 3518278044 | Formal | Relating or involving outward form of structure | 95 |
