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| 9688633627 | Genre | The major category into which a literary work fits. The basic divisions of literature are prose, poetry, and drama. However, genre is a flexible term. Within these broad boundaries exist many subdivisions that are often called genres too. For example, prose can be divided into fiction and nonfiction. Poetry can be divided into lyric, dramatic, narrative, etc. Drama can be divided in tragedy, comedy, farce, etc | 0 | |
| 9688633628 | Complex sentence | "A sentence that contains one independent clause and at least one dependent clause that is used to show a dependent relationship between ideas. Complex sentence" | 1 | |
| 9688633629 | Polyptoton | Repitition of the same word/root in different grammatical functions or forms. | 2 | |
| 9688633630 | Concrete terms | As opposed to abstract terms, concrete terms refer to things that have actual existence that can be seen or known. | 3 | |
| 9688633631 | Polysyndeton | The use of a conjunction between each clause | 4 | |
| 9688633632 | Prosody | The principals of verse structure, including meter, rhyme and other sound effects, and stanzaic patterns | 5 | |
| 9688633633 | Biography | The story of a person's life written by someone other than the subject. | 6 | |
| 9688633634 | Predicate Adjective | an adjective, group of adjectives, or adjective clause that follows a linking verb. It is the predicate of the sentence, and modifies, or describes, the subject. | 7 | |
| 9688633635 | Figurative Language | Writing or speech that is not intended to carry literal meaning and is usually meant to be imaginative and vivid. | 8 | |
| 9688633636 | Sarcasm | Bitter, caustic language intended to hurt or ridicule. It may use irony as a device and can be witty and insightful when well done but simply cruel if poorly done. | 9 | |
| 9688633637 | Sound Devices | Rhyme and other sound effects | 10 | |
| 9688633638 | Figure of Speech | A device used to produce figurative language. Many compare dissimilar things. | 11 | |
| 9688633639 | predicate nominative | -a noun, group of nouns, or noun clause that renames the subject. It follows a linking verb and is located in the predicate of the sentence. | 12 | |
| 9688633640 | Punctuation | Used to reinforce meaning, construct effect, and express voice. | 13 | |
| 9688633641 | Compound-complex sentence | A sentence that contains two or more independent clauses and at least one dependent clause that is used when there are several ideas that have a close relationship, some coordinate and some dependent | 14 | |
| 9688633642 | Epigraph | A motto or quotation at the beginning of a literary work that sets forth the theme. | 15 | |
| 9688633643 | Trope | Words used with a decided change or extension in their literal meaning | 16 | |
| 9688633644 | Logic | - rules of formal reasoning | 17 | |
| 9688633645 | Semicolon | Gives equal weight to two or more independent clauses in a sentence. | 18 | |
| 9688633646 | Ambiguity | The multiple meanings, either intentional or unintentional, of a word, phrase, sentence, or passage. This lack of clarity in the work is often used as a phase of the author's view of the world or characters and reflects the vagueness of life. | 19 | |
| 9688633647 | Non Sequitur Argument | This Latin phrase means "does not follow." This is an argument with a conclusion that does not follow from the premise. | 20 | |
| 9688633648 | Prose | "One of the major divisions of genre, prose refers to fiction and nonfiction. , including all its forms,because they are written in ordinary language and most closely resemble everyday speech. Technically,anything that isn't poetry or drama is prose. Of course, prose writers often borrow poetic and dramatic elements. | 21 | |
| 9688633649 | Style | The particular way an author uses factors such as subject matter, detail, organization, point of view, diction, figurative language, imagery, syntax, and tone in writing. | 22 | |
| 9688633650 | Metaphor | A figure of speech that makes a comparison between two unlike objects, identifying one object with another and assigning to the first object the qualities of the second object. | 23 | |
| 9688633651 | connotation | "The nonliteral, associative meaning of a word; the implied, suggested meaning. Connotations may involve ideas, emotions or attitudes" | 24 | |
| 9688633652 | deduction | -process of moving from a general rule to a specific example | 25 | |
| 9688633653 | Perfect Rhyme | A rhyme that meets each of the following requirements: -An exact correspondence in the vowel sound and, in words ending in consonants, the sound of the final consonant, -A difference in the consonant sound preceding the vowel, and -A similarity of accent on the rhyming syllable | 26 | |
| 9688633654 | Non-Fiction | Prose writing about real people, places, things, events, and ideas. | 27 | |
| 9688633655 | simile | A metaphor that is directly expressed, using like, as, or than. | 28 | |
| 9688633656 | Declarative sentence | A sentence that makes a statement. | 29 | |
| 9688633657 | Colon | Directs the reader's attention to the words that follow and is used between independent clauses if the second summarizes, explains, or contrasts the first. | 30 | |
| 9688633658 | Argumentation | "Writing meant to prove the validity of an idea or point of view by presenting sound reasoning, discussion, and argument that thoroughly convince the,reader. Persuasive writing is a type of argumentation having an additional aim of urging some form of action. | 31 | |
| 9688633659 | Thesis | The statement(s) which expresses the author's opinion, purpose, meaning, or proposition. | 32 | |
| 9688633660 | Overgeneralization | Also called stereotyping, here the speaker or writer draws a conclusion about a large number of people, ideas, things, etc. based on very limited evidence. Words such as 'all,' 'never,' 'always,' and 'every' are usually indicative of over-generalization. | 33 | |
| 9688633661 | syllogism | deductive system of formal logic that presents two premises (the first one is major while the second is minor) that lead to a sound conclusion. | 34 | |
| 9688633662 | Imperative sentence | A sentence that gives a command or makes a request. | 35 | |
| 9688633663 | conceit | A lengthy or extended metaphor. | 36 | |
| 9688633664 | Essay | "A short nonfiction work that deals with one subject and has the purpose of communicating an idea or opinion." | 37 | |
| 9688633665 | Denotation | "The strict, literal dictionary definition of a word, devoid of any emotion, attitude or color" | 38 | |
| 9688633666 | Half-Rhyme | A rhyme in which the sounds are similar but not exact; most half-rhymes are types of consonance. | 39 | |
| 9688633667 | Analogy | A comparison made between two things to show how one is like the other. | 40 | |
| 9688633668 | induction | process of moving from a given series of specifics to a generalization | 41 | |
| 9688633669 | Dash | Adds emphasis, marking a sudden change in thought or tone. | 42 | |
| 9688633670 | Pathetic Fallacy | A fallacy attributing human feelings to inanimate objects. In literature, this is a device wherein something nonhuman found in nature - animal, plant, stream, natural force, etc. - performs as though from human feeling or motivation. | 43 | |
| 9688633671 | Tone | The author's attitude towards the material, the audience, or both. | 44 | |
| 9688633672 | Description | Writing meant to recreate, invent, or visually present a person, place, event, or action so that the reader can picture what is being described. Sometimes an,author engages all five senses in description; good descriptive writing can be sensuous and picturesque. Descriptive writing may be straightforward and objective or highly emotional and subjective. | 45 | |
| 9688633673 | Metonymy | A figure of speech substituting one noun for another with which it is closely associated. | 46 | |
| 9688633674 | Eye-Rhyme | Rhyme that appears perfect from the spelling but is half-rhyme from the pronunciation. | 47 | |
| 9688633675 | Didactic | From Greek, didactic literally means "teaching." Didactic works have the primary aim of teaching or instructing, especially for the teaching of moral or ethical principals | 48 | |
| 9688633676 | Post Hoc Argument | Cites an unrelated event that occurred earlier as the cause of a current situation. | 49 | |
| 9688633677 | Interrogative sentence | A sentence that asks a question. | 50 | |
| 9688633678 | Explication | The interpretation or analysis of a text. | 51 | |
| 9688633679 | infer/inference | - to draw a reasonable conclusion from the info presented. (info that is not directly stated is not inferred) | 52 | |
| 9688633680 | Punctuation Hierarchy | As you move up the scale, more separation is created between statements and more emphasis on the word(s) just before the punctuation mark. | 53 | |
| 9688633681 | Synecdoche | A figure of speech in which a part of something stands for the whole. | 54 | |
| 9688633682 | logical fallacies | -mistakes in reasoning | 55 | |
| 9688633683 | Voice | The real or assumed personality of a writer or speaker. | 56 | |
| 9688633684 | personification | A figure of speech in which human characteristics are attributed to objects or animals. | 57 | |
| 9688633685 | Maxim | A succinct formulation of a fundamental principle or general truth. | 58 | |
| 9688633686 | Punctuation Hierarchy: Terminal | Period (.), exclamation point (!), question mark(?). Highest degree of separation and emphasis. Should be used between independent clauses, and should be used between parts of a sentence for special effects only. | 59 | |
| 9688633687 | Straw-man Argument | Technique in which the speaker or writer attributes false or exaggerated characteristics or behaviors to the opponent and makes attacks based on those falsehoods or exaggerations. | 60 | |
| 9688633688 | Exposistion | Writing meant to explain and analyze information by presenting an idea, relevant evidence, and appropriate discussion. | 61 | |
| 9688633689 | End Rhyme | Rhymes that occurs at the end of a line of poetry. | 62 | |
| 9688633690 | Exclamatory sentence | A sentence that expresses strong feeling. | 63 | |
| 9688633691 | ad hominem argument | -argument that attacks the person rather than dealing with the issue under discussion. | 64 | |
| 9688633692 | Narration | Writing meant to tell a story or recount an event or series of events. This writing mode frequently uses the tools of descriptive writing. | 65 | |
| 9688633693 | Punctuation Hierarchy: Semicolon | Semicolon (;). Medium-high degree of separation and emphasis. Should be used between independent clauses and only for special effect between parts of a sentence. | 66 | |
| 9688633694 | Logos | the text/message; appeal to logic; consistency and clarity of the message and the logic of the reasons; evokes a cognitive rational response | 67 | |
| 9688633695 | Antithesis | The presentation of two contrasting images. The ideas are balanced by a word, a phrase, a clause, or paragraphs. Examples include "To be or not to be . . . " and "Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country." | 68 | |
| 9688633696 | Apostrophe | A figure of speech in which an absent person or personified object is addressed by the speaker. | 69 | |
| 9688633697 | Euphemism | From Greek for "good speech," euphemisms are a more agreeable or less offensive substitute for a generally unpleasant word or concept. A euphemism may be used to adhere to standards of social or political correctness or to add humor or ironic understatement. Saying " earthly remains" rather than "corpse" is an example of euphemism | 70 | |
| 9688633698 | Rhetorical stratgies | " Strategies used to develop the modes of discourse. The types of strategies include example, comparison/contrast, definition, cause/effect,process analysis, and division/classification. | 71 | |
| 9688633699 | begging the question | -occurs when writers assume in their assertions, premises, or theses something that really remains to be proved. | 72 | |
| 9688633700 | Punctuation Hierarchy: Colon | Colon (:). Medium (anticipatory) degree of separation and emphasis. Should be used for both independent clauses and between parts of a sentence. | 73 | |
| 9688633701 | Internal Rhyme | Rhyme that occurs within a line of poetry instead of at the end. | 74 | |
| 9688633702 | Appeals to logos | theoretical, abstract language; denotative reasons/meanings; literal and historical analogies; definitions; factual data and statistics; quotations; citations from experts and authorities; informed opinions | 75 | |
| 9688633703 | Anecdote | A brief account of an event, usually intended to entertain, to explain an idea, and to reveal personality through a person's actions. | 76 | |
| 9688633704 | Exaggeration | An overstatement or a statement in which a description of a person, event, or idea is magnified or overemphasized to an extreme degree | 77 | |
| 9688633705 | circular reasoning | - restates the premises rather than giving a reason for holding that premise. | 78 | |
| 9688633706 | Punctuation Hierarchy: Dash | Dash(-). Medium (empathetic) degree of separation and emphasis. Should be used between both independent clauses and between parts of a sentence. | 79 | |
| 9688633707 | Clause | A grammatical unit that contains both a subject and a verb. An independent, or main, clause expresses a complete thought and can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent, or subordinate, clause cannot stand alone as a sentence and must be accompanied by an independent clause. | 80 | |
| 9688633708 | Myth | A story that explains how something connected to humans or nature came to be. | 81 | |
| 9688633709 | Annotation | Notes added to a text that explain, name sources, summarize, or evaluate the text. | 82 | |
| 9688633710 | Pathos | the reader/audience; appeals to emotion; the audience's capacity to feel and see what the writer feels and sees | 83 | |
| 9688633711 | either/or argument | -when a writer assumes there are only 2 possibilities when, in reality, there are more | 84 | |
| 9688633712 | Punctuation Hierarchy: Comma | Comma (,). Low degree of separation and emphasis. Should be used with a coordinating conjunction in between clauses; otherwise, for special effect only. Should also be used between parts of a sentence. | 85 | |
| 9688633713 | Aphorism | A terse statement of known authorship that expresses a general truth or a moral principal. | 86 | |
| 9688633714 | Auto-Biography | The story of a person's life written by that person. | 87 | |
| 9688633715 | Contrast | A stylistic technique in which one element is shown in opposition to another. | 88 | |
| 9688633716 | Appeals to pathos | vivid concrete language; emotionally loaded language; connotative meanings; emotional examples; vivid descriptions; narratives of emotional events; emotional tone; figurative language; evokes an emotional response in the reader | 89 | |
| 9688633717 | Invective | An emotionally violent, verbal denunciation or attack using strong, abusive language | 90 | |
| 9688633718 | Punctuation Hierarchy: None | No punctuation, no degree of emphasis or separation. Used between independent clauses sometimes with a coordinating conjunction between short independent clauses. Should also be used between parts of a sentence. | 91 | |
| 9688633719 | Hasty generalization | - when a person makes a conclusion about an entire group using insufficient evidence | 92 | |
| 9688633720 | Parable | A story that operates on more than one level and usually teaches a moral lesson. | 93 | |
| 9688633721 | Masculine Rhyme | Rhyme that falls on the stressed and concluding syllables of the rhyme-words. | 94 | |
| 9688633722 | Ethos | the writer/speaker; the appeal to ethics; credibility of the writer or speaker; demonstrates the author's reliability, competence, and respect for the audience's ideals and values | 95 | |
| 9688633723 | Subordinate/dependent clause | this word group contains both a subject and a verb (plus any accompanying phrases or modifiers), but it cannot stand alone; it does not express a complete thought and depends on the independent clause to complete its meaning. Easily recognized keywords and phrases usually begin these clauses: although, because, unless, if, even though, since, as soon as, while, who, when, where, how, and that. | 96 | |
| 9688633724 | Generic Conventions | This term describes traditions for each genre. These conventions help to define each genre; for example, they differentiate between an essay and journalistic writing or an,autobiography and political writing. It is important to try to distinguish the unique features of a,writer's work from those dictated by convention. | 97 | |
| 9688633725 | Idiom | A common phrase or expression that has a meaning different from the literal meaning of its individual words. For example, "We're up against a brick wall" means "There's nothing more we can do." | 98 | |
| 9688633726 | Literal Language | Denotes that words mean what they actually mean | 99 | |
| 9688633727 | Appeals to Ethos | language appropriate to audience and subject; restrained, sincere, fair-minded presentation; appropriate level of vocabulary; correct grammar | 100 | |
| 9688633728 | Rhetorical Question | A question that does not expect an explicit answer. It is used to pose an idea to be considered by the speaker or audience. | 101 | |
| 9688633729 | Feminine Rhyme | A rhyme of two syllables, one stressed and one unstressed. | 102 | |
| 9688633730 | Loose sentence | A type of sentence in which the main idea (independent clause) comes first, followed by dependent grammatical units such as phrases and clauses. If a period were placed at the end of the independent clause, the clause would be a complete sentence. A work containing many of these sentences often seems informal, relaxed, and conversational. | 103 | |
| 9688633731 | Pedantic | An adjective that describes words, phrases, or a general tone that is overly scholarly, academic, or bookish | 104 | |
| 9688633732 | Anaphora | Repetition of beginnings | 105 | |
| 9688633733 | Mixed Metaphor | An expression combining metaphors that are inharmonious or inappropriate. | 106 | |
| 9688633734 | Alliteration | The repetition of identical or similar consonant sounds at the beginning of words. | 107 | |
| 9688633735 | Subject Complement | The word (with any accompanying phrases) or clause that follows a linking verb and complements, or completes, the subject of the sentence by either describing it (predicate adjective) or renaming it (predicate nominative). | 108 | |
| 9688633736 | dialect | - refers to the writer's word choices regarding correctness, clearness, or effectiveness that help create an author's style. | 109 | |
| 9688633737 | Chiasmus | A general term referring to the repetition in opposite order; the order in the second half of an expression reverses the order of the first half of the expression; the repetition can be of words, ideas, grammatical structures, and can appear at the level of the sentence, passage, or entire work. | 110 | |
| 9688633738 | abstract terms | - represent ideas or thought rather than physical objects | 111 | |
| 9688633739 | Pun | A humorous play on words, using similar sounding or identical words to suggest different meanings. | 112 | |
| 9688633740 | Purple Patch | A passage in a piece of writing that is overly elaborate and ornate. | 113 | |
| 9688633741 | Parallelism | This term comes from Greek roots meaning "beside one another." It refers to the grammatical or rhetorical framing of words, phrases, sentences, or paragraphs to give structural similarity. This can involve, but is not limited to, repetition of a grammatical element such as a preposition or verbal phrase. The effects are numerous, but frequently, they act as an organizing force to attract the reader's attention, add emphasis and organization, or simply provide a musical rhythm. | 114 | |
| 9688633742 | Assonance | A rhyme of two syllables, one stressed and one unstressed. | 115 | |
| 9688633743 | Diacope | Repetition with only a word or two in between. | 116 | |
| 9688633744 | Epiphora | or epistrophe; repetition of ends | 117 | |
| 9688633745 | Wit | "In modern usage, intellectually amusing language that surprises and delights. A witty statement is humorous, while suggesting the speaker's verbal power in creating ingenious and perceptive remarks. Wit usually uses terse language that makes a pointed statement. Historically, wit originally meant basic understanding." | 118 | |
| 9688633746 | Consonance | The repetition of similar consonant sounds | 119 | |
| 9688633747 | colloquial/colloquialism | -use of slang or informalities in speech or writing that give a work a conversational or familiar tone. | 120 | |
| 9688633748 | Periodic sentence | A sentence that presents its central meaning in a main clause at the end. This independent clause is preceded by a phrase or clause that cannot stand alone, for example, The effect is to add emphasis and structural variety. | 121 | |
| 9688633749 | Isocolon | repetition of grammatical forms | 122 | |
| 9688633750 | Red Herring | Something intended to divert attention from the issue at hand. | 123 | |
| 9688692108 | Polyptoton | Repetition of the same word or root in different grammatical functions or forms | 124 | |
| 9688692109 | syntax | The way an author chooses to join words into phrases, clauses, and sentences. Syntax is similar to diction, but you can differentiate them by thinking of syntax as the groups of words, while diction refers to the individual words | 125 | |
| 9688692110 | dialect | variety of language spoken in one geographical area by a certain group of people | 126 | |
| 9688692111 | Antecedent | The word, phrase, or clause to which a pronoun refers | 127 | |
| 9688692112 | Repetition | The duplication, either exact or approximate, of any element of language, such as a sound, word, phrase, clause, sentence, or grammatical pattern. When repetition is poorly done, it bores, but when it's well done, it links and emphasizes ideas while allowing the reader the comfort of recognizing something familiar. | 128 | |
| 9688692113 | Euphony | The use of harmonious sounds to produce an effect pleasing to the ear. | 129 | |
| 9688702602 | Propaganda | Biased, one-sided communication meant to influence the thoughts and actions of an audience | 130 | |
| 9688718451 | Asyndeton | The omission of conjunctions between words, phrases, or clauses. | 131 | |
| 9688725590 | Cacophony | Juxtaposing jarring, harsh sounds; the opposite of euphony. | 132 |
