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AP Language - Terms to Review for AP Final Flashcards

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6585280030allusionA brief and indirect reference to a person, place, thing or idea of historical, cultural, literary or political significance.0
6585280031apostropheA figure of speech in which someone absent or dead or something nonhuman is addressed as if it were alive and present and could reply1
6585280032antithesisa figure of speech in which an opposition or contrast of ideas is expressed by parallelism of words that are the opposites of, or strongly contrasted with, each other, such as "hatred stirs up strife, but love covers all sins"2
6585280033euphemismAn indirect, less offensive way of saying something that is considered unpleasant3
6585280034hyperboleA figure of speech that uses exaggeration to express strong emotion, make a point, or evoke humor4
6585280035imageryDescription that appeals to the senses: visual, auditory, kinesthetic, olfactory (smell), and gustatory(taste)5
6585280036ironyA contrast between expectation and reality6
6585280037juxtapositionPlacing two elements side by side to present a comparison or contrast7
6585280038litotesA figure of speech consisting of an understatement in which an affirmative is expressed by negating its opposite.8
6585280039metaphorA comparison that establishes a figurative identity between objects being compared.9
6585280040oxymoronA figure of speech that combines opposite or contradictory terms in a brief phrase.10
6585280041paradoxA statement or proposition that seems self-contradictory or absurd but in reality expresses a possible truth.11
6585280042personificationA figure of speech in which an object or animal is given human feelings, thoughts, or attitudes12
6585280044Similecomparing two unlike things using words such as "like" or "as"13
6585280045synecdochea figure of speech in which a part is made to represent the whole or vice versa14
6585280046rhetoricThe art of using language effectively and persuasively15
6585280047rhetorical questionA question asked merely for rhetorical effect and not requiring an answer16
6585280048rhetorical devicesliterary techniques used to heighten the effectiveness of expression17
6585280049ethosAppeals to an audience's sense of morality/trust; Achieved by projecting an image of credibility which supports the speaker's position. One of the fundamental strategies of argumentation identified by Aristotle.18
6585280050pathosGreek term that refers to suffering but has come to be associated with an appeal to emotion. One of the fundamental strategies of argumentation identified by Aristotle.19
6585280051logosAn appeal to reason or logic. One of the fundamental strategies of argumentation identified by Aristotle.20
6585280052alliterationthe occurrence of the same consonant letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words21
6585280053anaphoraThe repetition of words at the beginning of successive clauses22
6585280054assonancewhen two or more words close to one another repeat the same vowel sound but start with different consonant sounds23
6585280055asyndetona stylistic device used in literature and poetry to intentionally eliminate conjunctions between the phrases and in the sentence, yet maintain the grammatical accuracy24
6585280056cacophonous languageIn literature, the term refers to the use of words with sharp, harsh, hissing and unmelodious sounds primarily those of consonants to achieve desired results25
6585280057colloquial languageIn literature, it is the use of informal words, phrases or even slang in a piece of writing26
6585280058connotationa meaning that is implied by a word apart from the thing which it describes explicitly. Words carry cultural and emotional associations or meanings in addition to their literal meanings or denotations.27
6585280059dictionstyle of speaking or writing determined by the choice of words by a speaker or a writer28
6585280060consonancerepetitive sounds produced by consonants within a sentence or phrase. This repetition often takes place in quick succession.29
6585280061denotationliteral or dictionary meanings of a word in contrast to its connotative or associated meanings30
6585280062euphonious languagethe use of words and phrases that are distinguished as having a wide range of noteworthy melody or loveliness in the sounds they create. It gives pleasing and soothing effects to the ears due to repeated vowels and smooth consonants. It can be used with other literary devices like alliteration, assonance and rhyme to create more melodic effects.31
6585280063inversiona literary technique in which the normal order of words is reversed in order to achieve a particular effect of emphasis or meter32
6585280064syntaxa set of rules in a language. It dictates how words from different parts of speech are put together in order to convey a complete thought33
6585280065parallelismthe use of components in a sentence that are grammatically the same; or similar in their construction, sound, meaning or meter34
6585280066polysyndetonThe use of consecutive coordinating conjunctions even when they are not needed. The effect is to render the reader somewhat breathless. He was overwhelmed, as is by a tsunami, and by the fishes, and by the seaweed, and by the salt spray from the heavens.35

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