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AP Language Terms: Tropes Flashcards

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7926993880AllusionA direct or indirect reference to something which is presumably commonly known, such as an event, book, myth, place, or work of art. Allusions can be historical (like referring to Hitler), literary (like referring to Lennie in Of Mice and Men), religious (like referring to Noah and the flood), or mythical (like referring the Zeus). There are many more possibilities and a piece of writing may simultaneously use multiple layers of allusion.0
7927020146AnalogyA similarity or comparison made between two different things to show how they are alike or to show a relationship between the two. An analogy can explain something unfamiliar by associating it with something more familiar. Analogies also make writing more vivid, imaginative, or intellectually engaging.1
7927032786AnthropomorphismAttributing human characteristics to an animal or inanimate object (this is a form of personification). Or, anthropomorphism is the describing of gods or goddesses in human forms and possessing human characteristics such as jealousy, hatred, or love.2
7927049046ApostropheCalling out to an imaginary, dead, or absent person, or to a place or thing, or a personified abstract idea. An exclamatory rhetorical figure of speech, which a speaker or writer breaks off and directs speech to an imaginary person or abstract quality or idea. In dramatic works and poetry, it is often introduced by the word "O"; (not to be confused with the exclamation "Oh"). If the character is asking a god or goddess for inspiration it is called an Invocation.3
7927069813ConceitAn elaborate, extended metaphor that compares two things that are startlingly different (fanciful or startling).4
7927073421EpithetAn objective or objective phrase applied to a person or thing that is frequently used to emphasize a characteristic quality.5
7927081046HyperboleA figure of speech that uses an incredible exaggeration or overstatement for effect.6
7927083932ImageA word or words, either figurative or literal, used to describe a sensory experience or an object perceived by the sense. An image is always a concrete representation.7
7927092158ImageryThe use of language to evoke a picture or a concrete sensation of a person, a thing, a place, or an experience.8
7927099033IronyA discrepancy between appearances and reality.9
7927102582Verbal IronyOccurs when someone says one thing but really means something else.10
7927108269Situational IronyTakes place when there is a discrepancy between what is expected to happen, or what would be appropriate to happen, and what really does happen.11
7927114132Dramatic IronyIs so called because it is often used on state. A character in the play or story thinks one thing is true, but the audience or reader knows better.12
7927119781LitotesIs a form of understatement in which the positive form is emphasized through the negation of a negative form. A figure of speech in which the speaker either strengthens or weakens the emphasis of a claim by denying its opposite.13
7927132194MetaphorA figure of speech that makes a comparison between two unlike things without the use of such specific words of comparison as like, as, than, or resembles.14
7927139463Implied MetaphorDoes not state explicitly the two terms of the comparison.15
7927142585Extended MetaphorIs a metaphor that is extended or developed as far as the writer wants to take it.16
7927145856Dead MetaphorIs a metaphor that has been used so often that the comparison is no longer vivid.17
7927162832Mixed MetaphorIs a metaphor that has gotten out of control and mixes its terms to that they are visually or imaginatively incompatible.18
7927175465MetonymyA figure of speech in which a person, place, or thing is referred to by something closely associated with it.19
7927180985MoodAn atmosphere created by a writer's diction and the details selected; the atmosphere or pervading tone of a place or situation.20
7927185904MotifA recurring image, word, phrase, action, idea, object, or situation used throughout a work (or in several works by one author), unifying the work by tying the current situation to previous ones, or new ideas to the theme.21
7927195653OxymoronA figure of speech that combines opposite or contradictory terms in a brief phrase.22
7927199991PersonificationA figure of speech in which an object or animal is given human feelings, thoughts, or attitudes.23
7927204121SimileA figure of speech that makes an explicitly comparison between two unlike things, using words such as like, as, than, or resembles.24
7927212400SymbolA person, place, thing, or event that has meaning in itself and that also stands for something more than itself.25
7927217690UnderstatementA statement that says less than what is meant.26

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