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| 6708132929 | Rhetoric | The art of effective or persuasive speaking or writing, especially the use of figures of speech and other compositional techniques |  | 0 |
| 6708132930 | Argument | A reason or set of reasons given with the purpose of persuading others that an action or idea is right or wrong. |  | 1 |
| 6708132931 | Allegory | The device of using character and/or story elements symbolically to represent an abstraction in addition to the literal meaning | 2 | |
| 6708132932 | Alliteration | The repetition of sounds, especially initial consonants in two or more neighboring words (as in "she sells sea shells") The repetition can reinforce meaning, unify ideas, supply musical sound, and or echo the sense of the passage. | 3 | |
| 6708132933 | Allusion | A direct reference to something which is presumably common known, such as an event, book, myth, place, or work of art. this can be historical, literary religious, topical or mythical. Ex: "Plan ahead: It wasn't raining when Noah built the ark" | 4 | |
| 6708132934 | Metaphor | A figure of speech using implied comparison of seemingly unlike things or the substitution of one or the other, suggesting some similarity. This language makes writing more vivid, imaginative, thought provoking, and meaningful | 5 | |
| 6708132935 | Dictation | Related to style, this refers to the writer's choices, especially with regard to their correctness, clearness, or effectiveness EX: We will do it, I tell you; we will do it. | 6 | |
| 6708132936 | Didactic | Means "teaching". It works have the primary aim of teaching or instructing, especially the teaching of moral or ethical principles. | 7 | |
| 6708132937 | Ambiguity | The multiple meanings, either intentional or unintentional of a word, phrase, sentence, or passage. | 8 | |
| 6708132938 | Enumeratio | Figure of amplification in which a subject is divided into constituent parts or details, and may include a listing of causes, effects, problems, solutions, conditions, and consequences; the listing or detailing of the parts of something. | 9 | |
| 6708132939 | Narrative | The telling of a story or an account of an event or series of events. | 10 | |
| 6708132940 | Onomatopoeia | A figure of speech in which natural sounds are imitated in the sounds of words. EX- "buzz, hiss, crack, whinny, and murmur". | 11 | |
| 6708132941 | Paradox | A statement that appears to be self-contradictory or opposed to common sense but upon closer inspection contains some degree of the truth or validity. | 12 | |
| 6708132942 | Tone | Similar to mood, tone describes the authors attitude toward his material, the audience, or both. Tone is easier to determine in spoken language than in written language. Some words describing tone are playful, serious, businesslike, sarcastic, humorous, formal, ornate, sardonic, and somber, | 13 | |
| 6708132943 | Parallelism | Also referred to as parallel construction or parallel structure, this term comes from Greek roots meaning "beside one another." It refers to the grammatical or rhetorical framing of words, phrases, sentences, or paragraphing to give structural similarity. This can involve, but not limited to repetition of a grammatical element such as a preposition or verbal phrase. The effects of parallelism are numerous, but frequently they act as an organizing force to attract the reader's attention. | 14 | |
| 6708132944 | Theme | The central idea or message of a work, the insight it offers into life. Usually theme is unstated in fictional works, but in nonfiction, the theme may be directly stated, especially in expository or argumentative writing. | 15 | |
| 6708132945 | Parody | A work that closely imitates the style or content of another with the specific aim of comic effect and/or ridicule. As comedy, parody distorts or exaggerated distinctive features of the original. As it ridicule, it mimics the work by repeating and borrowing words, and borrowing words, phrases, or characteristics in order to illuminate weaknesses in the original. Well-written parody offers enlightenment about the original, but poorly written parody offers ineffectual imitation. | 16 | |
| 6708132946 | Genre | The major category into which a literary work fits. The basic divisions of literature are prose, poetry, and drama. However, genre is a flexible term; within these broad boundaries exist many subdivisions that are often called genres themselves. For example, prose can be divided into fiction (novels and short stories) or nonfiction (essays, biographies, autobiographies, etc.). Poetry can be divided into lyric, dramatic, narrative, epic, etc. Drama can be divided into tragedy, comedy, melodrama, farce, etc. | 17 | |
| 6708132947 | Pedantic | An adjective that describes words, phrases, or general tone that is overly scholarly, academic, or bookish. | 18 | |
| 6708132948 | Periodic Sentence | A sentence that presents its central meaning in a main clause at the end. The independent clause is preceded by a phrase or clause that cannot stand alone. | 19 | |
| 6708132949 | Syntax | The way an author chooses to join words into phrases, clauses, and sentences. Syntax is similar to diction, but you can differentiate them by thinking of syntax as the groups of words, while diction refers to the individual words. In the multiple choice section, expect to be asked some questions about how an author manipulates syntax. In the essay section, you will need to analyze how syntax produces effects. | 20 | |
| 6708132950 | Synecdoche | Isa type of metaphor in which the part stands for the whole, the whole for a part, the genus for the species, the species for the genus, the material for the thing made, or in short, any portion, section, or main quality for the whole or the thing itself. | 21 | |
| 6708132951 | Rhetorical Modes | This flexible term describes the variety, the conventions, and the purpose of the major kinds of writing. The four most common of these include exposition to explain and analyze information by presenting an idea, argumentation is to prove the validity of the idea or point of view | 22 | |
| 6708132952 | Point of View | In literature, the perspective from which a story is told. There are two general divisions of point of view, and many subdivisions within those. The first person narrator tells the story with the first person pronoun,"I", and is a character in a story. 2) the third person narrator relates the event with the third person pronouns, "he, she, and it". There are two main subdivisions to be aware of: omniscient and limited omniscient. In the "third person omniscient" point of view, the narrator with godlike knowledge, present the thoughts and actions of any or all characters. This is all-knowing narrator can reveal what each character feels and thinks at any given moment. the "third person limited omniscient" point of view, as its names implies, presents the feeling and thoughts of only one character, presenting only the actions of all remaining characters. | 23 | |
| 6708132953 | Predicate Adjective | One type of subject complement is an adjective, group of adjectives, or adjective clause that follows a linking verb. it is the predicate of the sentence, and modifies, or describes, the subject | 24 | |
| 6708132954 | Prose | One of the major divisions of genre, prose refers to fiction and non-fiction, including all its forms. In prose the printer determines the length of the line, in poetry, the poet determines the length of the line | 25 | |
| 6708132955 | Repetition | The duplication, either exact of approximate, of any element of language, such as a sound, word, phrase, clause, sentence, or grammatical pattern | 26 | |
| 6708132956 | Juxtaposition | When two words, phrases, images, ideas are placed close together or side by side for comparison or contrast | 27 | |
| 6708132957 | Predicate Nominative | A second type of subject complement- a noun, group of nouns, or noun clause that names the subject. It, like the predicate adjective, follows a linking verb and is located in the predicate of the sentence | 28 | |
| 6708132958 | Personification | A figure of speech in which the author presents or describes concepts, animals, or inanimate objects by endowing them with humans attributes or emotions. Personification is used to make these abstractions, animal, or objective appear more vivid to the reader. | 29 | |
| 6708132959 | Inference/Infer | To draw a reasonable conclusion from the information presented. When a multiple-choice question asks for an inference to be drawn from a passage, the most direct, most reasonable inference is the safest answer choice. | 30 | |
| 6708132960 | Invective | An emotionally violent, verbal denunciation or attach using strong, abusive language. | 31 | |
| 6708132961 | Irony/Ironic | The contrast between what is stated explicitly and what it really meant. The difference between what appears to be ans what actually is true. 1)Verbal Irony- the words literally state the opposite of the writer's (speaker's) true meaning 2)Situational Irony- events turn out the opposite of what was expected 3)Dramatic Irony- facts or events are unknown to a character in a play or piece of fiction, but are known to the reader/audience | 32 | |
| 6708132962 | Imagery | The sensory details or figurative language used to describe, arouse emotion, or represent more gustatory, or olfactory imagery. On a broader and deeper level, however, one image can represent more than one thing. | 33 | |
| 6708132963 | Polysyndeton | Figure of addition and emphasis which intentionally employs a series of conjunctions not normally found in successive words, phrases or clauses; the deliberate and excessive use of conjunction is successive words or clauses. The effect is a feeling of multiplicity, energetic enumeration, and building up- a persistence or intensity. | 34 | |
| 6708132964 | Hypophora | Figure of reasoning in which one or more questions is/are asked and then answered, often at length, by one and the same speaker; raising and responding to one's own question (s). A common usage is to ask the question at the beginning of a paragraph to answer it. You can use hypophora to raise questions which you think the reader obviously has on his/her mind and would like to see formulated and answered. | 35 | |
| 6708132965 | Oxymoron | From the Greek meaning for "pointedly foolish," an oxymoron is a figure of speech wherein the author groups apparently contradictory terms to suggest a paradox. EX-"jumbo shrimp" and "cruel kindness." | 36 | |
| 6708132966 | Expletive | Figure of emphasis in which a single word or short phrase, usually interrupting normal speech, is used to lend emphasis to the words on either side of it. | 37 | |
| 6708132967 | Euphemism | From the Greek for "good speech", they are a more agreeable or less offensive substitute for a generally unpleasant word or concept. It may be used to adhere to standards of social or political correctness or to add humor or ironic understatement. | 38 | |
| 6708132968 | Homily | This term literally means "sermon", but more informally, it can include any serious talk, speech, or lecture involving moral or spiritual advice. | 39 | |
| 6708132969 | Hyperbole | A figure of speech using deliberate exaggeration or overstatement. Hyperboles often have a comic effect; however, a serious effect is also possible. Often, hyperbole produces irony. | 40 | |
| 6708132970 | Asyndeton | consists of omitting conjunctions between words, phrases, or clauses. This can give the effect of unpremeditated multiplicity, of an extemporaneous rather than a labored account. Ex: On his return he received medals, honors, treasures, titles, fame | 41 | |
| 6708132971 | Atmosphere | the emotional mood created by the entirety of a literary work, established partly by the setting and partly by the author's choice of objects that are described. | 42 | |
| 6708132972 | Coherence | A principle demanding that the parts of any composition be arranged so that the meaning of the whole may be immediately clear and intelligible. | 43 | |
| 6708132973 | Connotation | The non-literal, associative meaning of a word; the implied, suggested meaning. Provide ideas emotions or attitudes | 44 | |
| 6708132974 | Denotation | The strict, literal, dictionary definition of a word, definition of a word, devoid of any emotion attitude, or color. | 45 | |
| 6708132975 | Conceit | A fanciful expression, usually in the form of an extended metaphor or surprising analogy between seemingly dissimilar objects | 46 | |
| 6708132976 | Colloquial/Colloquialism | The of slang or informalities in speech or writing. Not generally acceptable for formal writing. | 47 | |
| 6708132977 | Chiasum | a figure of speech in which two successive phrases or clauses are parallel in syntax, but reverse the order of the analogous words. | 48 | |
| 6708132978 | Clause | a grammatical unit that contains both a subject and a verb | 49 | |
| 6708132979 | apostrophe | a figure of speech that directly addresses an absent or imaginary person or a personified abstraction, such as liberty or love. It is an address to someone or something that cannot answer. | 50 | |
| 6708132980 | Exposition | In essays, one of the four chief types of composition, the others being argumentation, description, and narration. The purpose of exposition is to explain something. In drama, the exposition is the introductory material, which creates the tone, gives the setting, and introduces the characters and conflict. | 51 | |
| 6708132981 | Generic Conventions | This term describes traditions for each genre; for examples they differentiate an essay and journalistic writing or an autobiography and political writing. On the AP language exam, try to distinguish the unique features of a writer's work from the dictated by convention. | 52 | |
| 6708132982 | Thesis | In expository writing, the thesis statement is the sentence or a group of sentences that directly expresses the authors opinion, purpose, meaning, or position. Expository writing is usually judged by analyzing how accurately, effectively, thoroughly a writer has proved the thesis | 53 | |
| 6708132983 | aphorism | a terse statement of know authorship which expresses a general truth or a moral principle ( if the authorship is unknown, the statement is generally considered to be a folk proverb) | 54 | |
| 6708132984 | Extended Metaphor | A metaphor developed at great length, occurring frequently in or throughout the work. | 55 | |
| 6708132985 | Figure of Speech | A device used to produce figurative language. Many compare dissimilar things. Figures of speech include apostrophe, hyperbole, irony, metaphor, metonymy, oxymoron, paradox, personification, simile, synecdoche, and understatement. | 56 | |
| 6708132986 | Metonymy | A term from Greek meaning "changed label" or "substitute name". Metonymy is a figure of speech in which the name of one object is substituted for that of another closely associated with it. a news release that claims "the White House declared" rather that "the President declared" is using metonymy. the substituted term generally carries a more potent emotional response. | 57 | |
| 6708132987 | Mood | This term has two distinct technical meanings in English writing. the first meaning is grammatical and eals with verbal units and a speaker's attitude. The indicative mood is used only for factual sentences. for example, "Joe eats too quickly." The subjective mood is used to express conditions contrary to fact. for example, "If I were you, I'd get another job." The imperative mood is used for commands. For example, "Shut the door!" The second meaning of mood is literary, meaning the prevailing atmosphere or emotional aura of a work. Setting, tone, and events can affect the mood. In this usage, mood is similar to tone and atmosphere. | 58 | |
| 6708132988 | Anaphora | One of the devices of repetition, in which the same expression (word or words) is repeated at the beginning of two or more lines, clauses, or sentences. | 59 | |
| 6708132989 | Antecedent | The word, phrase or clause referred to by a pronoun. | 60 | |
| 6708132990 | Antithesis | Figure of balance in which two contrasting ideas are intentionally juxtaposed, usually through parallel structure: a contrasting of opposing ideas in adjacent phrases, clauses, or sentences. It creates a definite and systematic relationship between ideas. | 61 | |
| 6708132991 | Anecdote | A short narrative detailing particulars of an interesting episode or events. The term most frequently refers to an incident in the life of a person | 62 | |
| 6708132992 | Transition | A word or phase that links different ideas. Used especially although not exclusively, in expository and argumentative writing, transitions effectively signal a shift from one idea to another. A few commonly used words or phrases are furthermore, consequently, nevertheless, for example, in addition, likewise, similarly and on the contrary. | 63 | |
| 6708132993 | Analogy | a similarity or comparing between two different things or the relationship between them. It can explain something unfamiliar by associating it with or pointing out its similarity to something more familiar. | 64 | |
| 6708132994 | Figurative Language | Writing or speech that is not intended to carry literal meaning and is usually meant to be imaginative and vivid. | 65 | |
| 6708132995 | Understatement | The ironic minimizing of fact, understatement presents something as less significant than it is. The effect can frequently be humorous and emphatic. Understatement is the opposite of hyperbole | 66 | |
| 6708132996 | Wit | In modern usage , intellectually amazing language that surprises and delights. A witty statement in humorous, while suggesting the speakers verbal power in creating ingenious and perceptive remarks. Wit usually uses terse language that makes a pointed statement. Historically, wit originally meant basic understanding. Its meaning evolved to include speed of understanding and finally (in the early 17th century) it grew to mean quick perception including creative fancy and a quick tongue to articulate an answer that demanded the same quick perception | 67 | |
| 6708132997 | Undertone | An attitude that may lie under the ostensible tone of the piece. Under a cheery surface, for example, a work may have threatening undertones. William Blake's " The Chimney Sweeper" from the songs of Innocence has a grim undertone | 68 | |
| 6708132998 | Subject Complement | The word or clauses that follows a linking verb and complements..... | 69 | |
| 6708132999 | Loose Sentence | A type of sentence in which the main idea (independent clause) comes first, followed by independent grammatical units such as phrases and clauses. If a period were placed at the end of the independent clause, the clause would be a complete sentence. a work containing many loose sentences often seem informal, relaxed, and conversational. Generally loose sentences create loose style. | 70 | |
| 6708133000 | Diacope | Repetition of a word or phrase after an intervening word or phrase: word/phrase X,..., word/phrase X. | 71 | |
| 6708133001 | Style | The consideration of style has 2 purposes 1) an evaluation of the sum of the choices an author makes in blending diction, syntax, figurative language, and other literary devices. 2) classification of authors to a group and comparison of an author to similar authors. | 72 | |
| 6708133002 | Semantics | The branch of linguistics that studies the meaning of words, their historical and psychological development, their connotation, and their relation to one another | 73 |
