AP Notes, Outlines, Study Guides, Vocabulary, Practice Exams and more!

AP Language Tropes, Schemes and Techniques (Full Set) Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
7824245622AntithesisParallel structure that juxtaposes contrasting ideas0
7824245623Close ReadingA careful reading that is attentive to organization figurative language, or other elements1
7824245624ColloquialismAn informal use of language2
7824245625Cumulative SentenceAn independent clause followed by a subordinate clause3
7824245626DictionWord choice4
7824245627Figure of SpeechAn expression that strives for literal effect, not literal meaning5
7824245628HyperboleExaggeration for the purpose of emphasis6
7824245629JuxtapositionPlacement of two things side by side for emphasis7
7824245630MetaphorsFigure of speech that speaks of something as if it is something else8
7824245631ParallelismRepetition of similar grammatical or syntactical patterns9
7824245632AssertionAn emphatic statement; deceleration10
7824245633TropeFigure of speech- artful diction11
7824245634Periodic sentenceA sentence that builds with and ends with a main clause12
7824245635PersonificationGiving life like qualities to inanimate objects13
7824245636SchemeA pattern of words or sentence structure14
7824245637ElegiacMournful over what has passed or been lost, often used to describe tone15
7824245638Rhetorical questionA question more for effect rather than to sum,on an answer16
7824245639SimileA figure of speech using like or as to compare two things17
7824245640StyleThe distinctive quality of speech or writing created by the selection and arrangement of words18
7824245641ApostropheA figure of speech when someone addresses something nonhuman or dead as if it could reply19
7824245642EuphemismIndirect mild vague expression for something that may be considered harsh or blunt20
7824245643AlliterationThe occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words.21
7824245644AllusionAn expression designed to call something to mind without mentioning it explicitly; an indirect or passing reference22
7824245645AnalogyA comparison between two things, typically on the basis of their structure and for the purpose of explanation or clarification.23
7824245646AnaphoraThe repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses24
7824245647AnecdoteA short and amusing or interesting story about a real incident or person.25
7824245648AntecedentThe noun to which a later pronoun refers26
7824245649AntimetaboleIt is a literary term or device that involves repeating a phrase in reverse order.27
7824245650Aphorisma pithy observation that contains a general truth, such as, "if it ain't broke, don't fix it."28
7824245651AppositiveWhen a noun or word is followed by another noun or phrase that renames or identifies it29
7824245652Archaic dictionOutdated word choice30
7824245653Rhetorical triangleAristotle wrote one of the first great treatises on rhetoric, aptly titled, Rhetoric. This treatise was written in the 4th century BCE and it outlines the three main rhetorical appeals: logos, pathos, and ethos. These three persuasive strategies make up the rhetorical triangle31
7824245654AssumptionA thing that is accepted as true or as certain to happen, without proof.32
7824245655AsyndetonThe omission or absence of a conjunction between parts of a sentence.33
7824245656AuthorityThe power or right to give orders, make decisions, and enforce obedience.34
7824245657BiasPrejudice in favor of or against one thing, person, or group compared with another, usually in a way considered to be unfair.35
7824245658ClaimState or assert that something is the case, typically without providing evidence or proof.36
7824245659Common groundOpinions or interests shared by each of two or more parties.37
7824245660ConcessionA thing that is granted, especially in response to demands; a thing conceded.38
7824245661Connotationan idea or feeling that a word invokes in addition to its literal or primary meaning.39
7824245662ContextThe circumstances that form the setting for an event, statement, or idea, and in terms of which it can be fully understood and assessed.40
7824245663CoordinationThe organization of the different elements of a complex body or activity so as to enable them to work together effectively.41
7824245664CounterargumentAn argument or set of reasons put forward to oppose an idea or theory developed in another argument.42
7824245665Declarative sentenceSomething stated43
7824245666DeductionReasoning from general to specific44
7824245667DenotationThe literal or primary meaning of a word, in contrast to the feelings or ideas that the word suggests.45
7824245668EpigramPithy saying or remark expressing an idea in a clever and amusing way.46
7824245669EthosAuthor credibility47
7824245670Explication of textAn approach to literary criticism involving close examination, analysis, and exposition of the text of a work, and concentrating on language, style, content, and the interrelationships of the parts to the whole in regard to meaning and symbolism.48
7824245671Figurative languageLanguage that uses words or expressions with a meaning that is different from the literal interpretation. When a writer uses literal language, he or she is simply stating the facts as they are.49
7824245672HortatoryTending or aiming to exhort50
7824245673ImageryVisually descriptive or figurative language, especially in a literary work.51
7824245674Imperative sentenceAn imperative sentence is a type of sentence that gives advice or instructions or that expresses a request or command52
7824245675InductionThe action or process of inducting someone to a position or organization.53
7824245676InversionVerb precede the subject54
7824245677Situational IronyWhen what happens is the opposite what one expects to happen55
7824245678LogosAppeal to logic reasoning56
7824245679MetonymyUse an idea to replace a certain word57
7824245680ModifierA word, especially an adjective or noun used attributively, that restricts or adds to the sense of a head noun58
7824245681NarrationThe teller of the account or story59
7824245682NominalizationTurn another form of speech into a noun60
7824245683OccasionParticular time or instance of an event.61
7824245684omniscient narratorAll knowing prospective of the story62
7824245685OxymoronA figure of speech in which apparently contradictory terms appear in conjunction63
7824245686ParadoxA statement or proposition that, despite sound reasoning from acceptable premises, leads to a conclusion that seems senseless, logically unacceptable, or self-contradictory.64
7824245687ParodyAn imitation of the style of a particular writer, artist, or genre with deliberate exaggeration for comic effect.65
7824245688PathosAppeal to emotion66
7824245689PersonaAuthor taking on voice that is not theirs67
7824245690PolemicA strong verbal or written attack on someone or something.68
7824245691PolysyndetonConjunctions being used quickly and repeatedly with no commas even though conjunctions could be removed69
7824245692PremiseA previous statement or proposition from which another is inferred or follows as a conclusion.70
7824245693PropagandaInformation, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view.71
7824245694PurposeReason for a writing72
7824245695RefuteArgue or counter73
7824245696RhetoricEffective persuasive writing74
7824245697Rhetoric modesAescribe the variety, conventions, and purposes of the major kinds of language-based communication, particularly writing and speaking.75
7824245698SatireUse of humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticize people's stupidity or vices, particularly in the context of contemporary politics and other topical issues76
7824245699SpeakerAuthor or the persona of a writing77
7824245700Straw manLogical fallacy, which means that if you carefully dissect the argument or statement, it doesn't make sense.78
7824245701SubjectThe topic79
7824245702Subordinate clauseA clause, typically introduced by a conjunction, that forms part of and is dependent on a main clause80
7824245703SubordinationA clause that modifies an independent clause81
7824245704SyllogismInstance of a form of reasoning in which a conclusion is drawn from two given or assumed propositions, each of which shares a term with the conclusion, and shares a common or middle term not present in the conclusion82
7824245705SyntaxThe arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language.83
7824245706SynthesizeTo make something by combining two things84
7824245707ToneAttitude toward a subject85
7824245708UnderstatementThe presentation of something as being smaller, worse, or less important than it actually is.86
7824245709VoiceAuthors personality through words87
7824245710ZeugmaA figure of speech in which a word applies to two others in different senses or to two others of which it semantically suits only one88
7824245711ExemplificationIn this rhetorical mode, the writer uses specific examples to illustrate an idea. The better the examples, the stronger the argument.89
7824245712Classification/DivisionIn this rhetorical mode, the writer organizes people, places, things, or ideas into categories90
7824245713Comparison and ContrastIn this rhetorical mode, the writer notes similarities and differences between objects, people, characteristics, or actions. Ideally, the things being examined will be similar enough that the comparison is meaningful.91
7824245714AnalogyIn this rhetorical mode, the writer uses a special kind of comparison to explain something. It's especially useful for explaining something abstract by comparing it to something concrete.92
7824245715NarrationThe act of telling a story, usually based on personal experience. It must have some purpose, as it usually incorporates descriptive elements--senses, metaphors, and similes.93
7824245716Process AnalysisThis mode involves writing following a series of steps or stages, and then taking apart the subject and explaining those parts.94
7824245717Cause and EffectThis mode looks for connections between different elements and analyzes the reasons for those connections.95
7824245718DefinitionThe process of explaining a word, object, or idea in such a way that the reader knows precisely what the writer means.96
7824245719DescriptionThe act of capturing people, places, events, objects, and feelings in words so that a reader can visualize and respond to them.97
7824245720AmbiguityUncertainty or inexactness of meaning in language98
7824245721EpistropheThe repetition of a word at the end of successive clauses or sentences.99
7824245722Triad/Trio/TripletIt suggests that things that come in threes are funnier, more satisfying, or more effective than other numbers of things. The reader or audience of this form of text is also thereby more likely to remember the information.100
7824245723Verbal IronyWhen what is meant is the opposite of what is said101
7824245724Dramatic IronyWhen the audience knows important information that the characters do not102
7824245725AnalyzeExamine methodically and in detail the constitution or structure of something (especially information), typically for purposes of explanation and interpretation103
7824245726ArgueGive reasons or cite evidence in support of an idea, action, or theory, typically with the aim of persuading others to share one's view104
7824245727AskSay something in order to obtain an answer or some information105
7824245728ChallengeAn objection or query as to the truth of something, often with an implicit demand for proof; dispute the truth or validity of106
7824245729CiteQuote as evidence for or justification of an argument or statement, especially in a scholarly work107
7824245730ConnectBring together or into contact so that a real or notional link is established108
7824245731DemonstrateClearly show the existence or truth of by giving proof or evidence109
7824245732DenyState that one refuses to admit the truth or existence of110
7824245733DescribeGive an account in words of someone or something, including all the relevant characteristics, qualities, or events111
7824245734DetailDescribe item by item; give the full particulars of112
7824245735DramatizeExaggerate the seriousness or importance of113
7824245736ElaborateDevelop or present (a theory, policy, or system) in detail114
7824245737EmphasizeGive special importance or prominence to (something) in speaking or writing115
7824245738EvaluateForm an idea of the amount, number, or value of; assess116
7824245739ExplainMake clear to someone by describing it in more detail or revealing relevant facts or ideas117
7824245740ExpressConvey (a thought or feeling) in words or by gestures and conduct118
7824245741ExtendSpread from a central point to cover a wider area119
7824245742GeneralizeMake a broad statement by inferring from specific cases120
7824245743IllustrateExplain or make clear by using examples, charts, pictures, etc.121
7824245744InformGive facts or information; tell122
7824245745Interpretexplain the meaning of; understand as having a particular meaning or significance123
7824245746IntroduceProvide an opening explanation124
7824245747ListA number of connected items or names written or printed consecutively, typically one below the other; catalog125
7824245748NarrateGive a spoken or written account of126
7824245749OfferPresent or proffer for (someone) to accept or reject as so desired127
7824245750PredictSay or estimate that (a specified thing) will happen in the future or will be a consequence of something128
7824245751OpposeDisapprove of and attempt to prevent, especially by argument129
7824245752PresentExpressing an action now going on or habitually performed or a condition now existing130
7824245753ProjectEstimate or forecast on the basis of present trends131
7824245754ProposePut forward an idea or plan for consideration or discussion by others132
7824245755QualifyMake a statement or assertion less absolute; add reservations to133
7824245756QuestionThe raising of a doubt about or objection to something134
7824245757QuoteRepeat or copy out a group of words from a text, typically with an indication that one is not the original author or speaker, a verb135
7824245758ReasonFind an answer to a problem by considering various possible solutions136
7824245759RebutClaim or prove that evidence or an accusation is false137
7824245760ReflectThink deeply or carefully about138
7824245761RepeatSay again something one has already said139
7824245762StateExpress something definitely or clearly in speech or writing140
7824245763SpeculateForm a theory or conjecture about a subject without firm evidence141
7824245764SuggestPut forward for consideration142
7824245765SummarizeGive a brief statement of the main points of something143
7824245766SupportSuggest the truth of; corroborate144
7824245767TraceFind or discover by investigation145
7824245768146

Need Help?

We hope your visit has been a productive one. If you're having any problems, or would like to give some feedback, we'd love to hear from you.

For general help, questions, and suggestions, try our dedicated support forums.

If you need to contact the Course-Notes.Org web experience team, please use our contact form.

Need Notes?

While we strive to provide the most comprehensive notes for as many high school textbooks as possible, there are certainly going to be some that we miss. Drop us a note and let us know which textbooks you need. Be sure to include which edition of the textbook you are using! If we see enough demand, we'll do whatever we can to get those notes up on the site for you!