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AP Language Unit #4 Flashcards

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5389755316Syntaxthe arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language0
5389757579Phrasetwo or more words that do not contain the subject-verb pair1
5389762348ClauseEvery clause has at least a subject and a verb.2
5389793664Subordinate ClausesSubordinate conjunction + subject + verb =incomplete thought.3
5389837561Balanced SentenceA sentence made up of two parts that are roughly equal in length, importance, and grammatical structure: a paired construction4
5389844050AntithesisA balanced sentence that makes a contrast5
5389849742Loose or Cumulative SentenceAn independent clause followed by a series of subordinate constructions (phrases or clauses) that gather details about a person, place, event, or idea6
5389887175Periodic SentencesA periodic sentence delays its main idea until the end by presenting modifiers or subordinate ideas first, thus holding the readers' interest until the end." A long and frequently involved sentence, marked by suspended syntax, in which the sense is not completed until the final word--usually with an emphatic climax.7
5389889161Running Stylea sentence style that appears to follow the mind as it worries a problem through, mimicking the "rambling, associative syntax of conversation"8
5389931992Interrupted SentenceAn interrupted sentence is when a modifier is placed between the subject and the verb, or between the verb and the direct object, interrupting the idea of the main independent clause9
5389931993Horative SentenceA sentence that exhorts, advises, calls to action10
5389940797Absolute Phrasemade up of a noun and its modifiers11
5389943926Appositivea noun or noun phrase that renames another noun right beside it. The appositive can be a short or long combination of words.12
5389947531ParenthesisThe insertion of some verbal unit that interrupts the normal syntactic flow of the sentence. Parenthetical remarks may also be set off by dashes.13
5389973035Telegraphic SentenceA sentence with less than five words.14
5389977105IsocolonA succession of phrases of approximately equal length and corresponding structure.15
5390004217Tricolona series of three parallel words, phrases, or clauses16
5390007991EpanalepsisRepetition at the end of a clause or sentence of the word or phrase with which it began17
5390019425ChiasmusIt reverses the order of modifiers, or simply sentence structure in two connected, called parallel, clauses.18
5390027798AnastropheDeparture from normal word order for the sake of emphasis19
5390031996AnaphoraRepetition of the same word or phrase at the start of successive clauses.20
5390035898CircumlocutionThe use of unnecessarily wordy and indirect language to avoid getting to the point.21
5390042893EllipsisThe commonly used series of three dots, which can be place at the beginning, in the middle, or at the end of a sentence or clause linguistically appropriate omission of words that are mutually understood and thus unnecessary.22
5390051836EpiphoraRepetition of a word or phrase at the end of several clauses23
5390075591JuxtaposedWhich two or more ideas, places, characters and their actions are placed side by side in a narrative or a poem for the purpose of developing comparisons and contrasts. A useful device for writers to portray their characters in great detail to create suspense and achieve a rhetorical effect24

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