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AP Language Vocab 1 Flashcards

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7222168503Text"In humanities, it has to mean any cultural product that can be 'read--meaning not just consumed & comprehended, but investigated" Examples- Speech, writing, art, anything you investigate.0
7222168504Subject"The topic of the text. What the text is about." Usually more about non-fiction, usually one o two words.1
7222168505Audience"The listener, viewer, or reader of a text. Most texts are likely to have multiple audiences." A desired audience can help determine the purpose.2
7222168506SpeakerThe person or group who creates a text3
7222168507Purposethe goal the speaker wants to achieve Why would the author write this?4
7222168508occasionthe time and place a speech is given or a piece is written 1. Not to be confused with the setting of a piece 2. Occasion can help determine the purpose.5
7222168509ContextThe circumstances, atmosphere, attitudes, and events surrounding a text. How did others feel about the situation described in the text6
7222178131S.O.A.P.S.ToneS-speaker O- occasion A- audience P-purpose S-subject Tone7
7238910903ToneA speaker's attitude toward the subject conveyed by the stylistic and rhetorical approach.8
7238910904Connotationmeanings, associations, or emotions that a word suggests Usually are positive or negative and can directly relate to the authors tone.9
7238910905ClaimAn assertion, usually supported by evidence States the arguments main idea or proposition Differs from subject because it can be argued10
7238910906rhetorical appealsthe use of emotional, ethical, and logical arguments to persuade in writing or speaking How is the author appealing to you as a reader?11
7238910907Ethos"Character" Speakers appeal to ethos when the author demonstrates that they are credible and trustworthy to speak on a topic. It is established by who they are and what they say.12
7238910908Logos (logical appeal)"Embodied Thought" Speakers appeal to logos, or reason, by offering clear, rational ideas and using specific details, examples, facts, statistics, or expert testimony to back them up.13
7238910909Pathosappeal to emotion "Experience" or "Suffering" Speakers appeal to pathos to emotionally motivate their audience. Pathos might play on the audience's values, desires, and hopes, or fears and prejudices.14
7255372148Rhetoricthe faculty of observing in any given case the available means of persuasion The art of finding a way to persuade an audience.15
7255372149Rhetorical TriangleA diagram that illustrates the interrelationship among the speaker, audience, and subject in determining a text.16
7255372150Counterargumentan opposing argument to the one a writer is putting forward. Rather than ignoring a counterargument, strong writers usually address it through concession and refutation.17
7255372151Concessionan acknowledgment that an opposing argument may be true or reasonable. Usually accompanied by a refutation.18
7255372152RefutationA denial of the validity of an opposing argument. Often follows a concession.19
7255372153PolemicAn aggressive argument that tries to establish superiority opinions over all others. Greek for "hostile" Generally do not concede that opposing opinions have merit.20

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