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AP Language-Vocab Flashcards

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3661138541Ad Hominem argumentAn argument that attacks the integrity or character of an opponent rather that the merit of an issue. Ex: You are wrong because you're not smart.0
3661150749AnalogyA comparison that attempts to explain one idea or thing by likening it to another. Ex: The structure of an atom is like the solar system.1
3661155999AnecdoteA brief narrative offered in a text to capture the audiences attention or to support a generalization or claim.2
3661168915Appeal to ethosAppeal to ethics Ex:You need to stop eating meat to help the environment.3
3661171119Appeal to pathosAppeal to emotion Ex: Can you stop doing that please, you're hurting my feelings.4
3661174953Appeal to logosAppeal to logic Ex: I can't because I need to study5
3661177279Begging the questionThe situation that results when a writer or speaker constructs an argument on an assumption that the audience does not accept. Ex: You must like to kill animals. No? Then stop eating meat.6
3661184578Casual relationshipThe relationship expressing "If X is the cause, than Y is the effect." Ex: If it's hot that it must be the sun7
3661197815ColloquialismA word or expression acceptable in informal use but inappropriate in formal use. Ex: TBH I hate studying8
3661202196ConclusionThe final paragraph that sums up the essay. Ex: And finally...9
3661206738Connotationhow society defines something Ex: The definition of school is a place of education10
3661211699EmphasisA rhetorical principle that requires stress to be given to important elements in an essay at the expense to less important elements. Ex: The most important thing on the test will be..11
3661218281EssayA short pros discussion of a single concept. Ex: An essay over photosynthesis.12
3661223235EuphamismA more agreeable or less offensive substitute for a generally unpleasant word or concept. Ex: Mentally challenged13
3661231183ExampleAn instance that is representative of an idea or claim. Ex: this is an example14
3661243057Logical fallacyErrors in reasoning, used by speakers or writers sometime in order to dupe their audiences. Ex: Don't let him do the surgery; he cheats on his wife.15
3661239109GeneralizationA statement that asserts some broad truth based upon a knowledge of specific cases. Ex: all people know what pi equals16
3661252068Objective and subjective writingTwo different attitudes of description.17
3661254952Red herringA side issue introduced into an argument in order to distract from the main argument. Ex: don't think about that... think about this18
3661261660SarcasmCaustic language that is meant to hurt or ridicule someone or something.Ex: I REALLY like your dress19
3661265418SatireOften an attack on a person. Ex: Reasons why Tom should not be president20
3661269639SubordinationAny idea that is not a significant enough to be expressed in a main clause or independent sentence.21
3661273456ToneThe writers attitude towards that audience. Ex: Happy22
3661275891UnderstatementA way of deliberately representing something as less than it is. Ex: I don't like him because he's not smart.23
3661279069VoiceThe presents or sound of self chosen by the author. Ex: Kind voice24
3667456523AbstractWords or phrases denotation ideas qualities, and conditions that exist but cannot be seen Ex: air25
3667468093Ad populem argumentA fallacious argument that appeals to the passions and prejudices of a group rather than its reasons. Ex: All Asians are smarter than non Asians.26
3667479996AllegoryThe device of using character and/or story elements symbolically to represent an abstraction in additional to the literal meaning. Ex: the color blue represents sadness.27
3667494820anaphoraThe repetition of a group of words at the beginning of successive clauses.Ex: Martin Luther kings speeches.28
3667514013AphorismA terse statement of known authorship which expresses a general truth or a moral principle. Ex: 7th grade, 8th grade29
3667544891apostropheA figure of speech that directly addresses an absent or imaginary person or a personified abstraction. Ex: liberty or love30
3667576517AttitudeA writers intellectual position Ex: Democrate31
3667580927AudienceThe group the work was intended for. Ex: kids, teens, adults32
3667588998ClaimThe ultimate conclusion. Ex: that girls are better than boys33
3667595795ClicheA stale image by expression. Ex: boy boy and the good girl34
3667602405Comparison/ ContrastA rhetorical mode used to develop essays that systematically Ex: milk to soy milk35
3667615823complex sentanceA sentence with an independent clause36
3667626687ConcreteSaid of word or terms detonating objects Ex: walls37
3667781084evidenceThe logical bases or supports for an assertion or idea Ex: court case example38
3667788641GenreThe majority category into which a literary work fits Ex: Drama, Romance39
3667798101InversionThe reversal of the normal order of words in a sentence to achieve some desired effect, usually emphasis.40
3670374152Loose sentanceA type of sentence in which the main idea comes first followed by dependent grammatical units. EX: phrases41
3670378740MetonymyA figure of speech in which the name of one subject is substituted for another closely associated with it. Ex:The white house declared42
3670384131Periodic SentencePresents its main meaning in a clause at the end. Ex: first, second, finally.43
3670386059Process analysisA type of development in writing that stresses how a sequence of steps produces a certain effect. Ex:44
3670391690Rhetorical questainA question posed with no expectation of getting an answer. Ex: should you be talking45
3670398085SynecdocheA part of something used to refer to the whole Ex: 50 heads pf cattle46
3670400138SyntaxThe order of words in a sentence and their relationships to each other.47
3670405147TransitionWords, phrase, sentences, or even paragraphs that indicate connecting between the writers idea Ex: Similarly, also48
3670410638UnityThe characteristic of having all parts contribute to the overall effect49
3670437948AllusionA reference to some famous literary work, historical figure, or event. EX: has the patience of job50
3670454416ArgumentationThe writers attempt to convince the reader to agree with him. Ex: you should agree because...51
3670459236CoherenceThe principle of clarity and logical adherence to a topic that binds together all parts of a composition Ex: And all of these things work together52
3670468430DescriptionA rhetorical mode used to develop and essay or other writing Ex: The girls hair was dark brown53
3670475596DictionWord choice Ex: To use small of big words54
3670480841ExpositionWriting whose chief aim is to explain. Ex: an exposition over the environment55
3670486715Figurative languageSaid of word or expression used in a non literal way. Ex: Hyperbole56
3670493147HyperboleA figure of speech using deliberate exaggeration. Ex: It was raining cats and dogs57
3671879562moodThe impression made on the feeling of the reader. Ex: the reader feels sad58
3671884434NarrationAn account of events as they happen. Ex: First Daniel did this, than he did this59
3671895629OxymoronA figure of speech wherein the author groups apparently contradicting terms to suggest a paradox Ex: Cruel kindness60
3671917138PacingThe speed at which a piece of writing moves along Ex: the pacing of the book way way too fast, I couldn't catch up.61
3671927246ParadoxA statement that appears to be self contradicting or opposed to common sense. Ex: A Paradox is a paradox62
3671939339parallelismThe principle of coherent writing requiring that coordinating elements be given63
3671949047ParodyA work that closely resembles another piece of work but making a mockery of it Ex: fifty shades of black64
3671957922PersonificationGiving none human objects human characteristics Ex: The door screamed65
3671964505Point of viewthe perspective that the story is told Ex: First person66
3671971635RhetoricThe art of using persuasive language. Ex: using sarcasm67
3671980466MetaphorA figurative image that implies the similarities between things otherwise dissimilar. Ex: I have been acquainted with light68
3671994833Verbal ironyThe word literally state the opposite of the writers true meaning Ex: the opposite of what was said69
3672000769Situation ironyEvents turn out the opposite of what was expected Ex: You thought wrong70
3672007938Dramatic ironyWhen the readers know that something is going to happen Ex: Romeo and Juliet71
3673310057SimileA comparison using like or as Ex: You are as bright as the sun72
3673320646StyleA basic and distinctive mode of expression. Ex: How they decide to write73
3673321908ImageHow something is shown/ how the author depicts it. Ex: the image of a tree or a plant74
3673322526InductionFactual reasoning Ex: I know this is true because the book says so.75
3673323771LitotesA figure of speech consisting of an understatement in which an affirmative is expressed by negating its opposite. Ex: When you say something but not the severity of it.76
3673326165deductionreasoning down from principles Ex: I know that this is true because my morals say that it is.77
3673326822AntithesisDirect opposite. Ex: black and white78
3673329102AntecedentThe word, phrase, or clause referred to by a pronoun. Ex: The word it79

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