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AP Language words Flashcards

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9948682024vituperativebitter and abusive0
9948685274pedanticunimaginative; dull1
9948685275exhortativeacting or intended to encourage, incite, or advise.2
9948687219ad-hoc fallacyWhen a person poses an explanation that is disputed by evidence the person has to resort to untestable answers to salvage their claim. Thus, most ad hoc rationalizations do not really "explain" anything at all.3
9948687220straw man argumentan informal fallacy based on giving the impression of refuting an opponent's argument, while actually refuting an argument that was not presented by that opponent. (Making a new argument that is easier to argue than the real one.)4
9948690009ad hominemgenuine discussion of the topic at hand is avoided by instead attacking the character, motive, or other attribute of the person making the argument5
9948690010syllogisman instance of a form of reasoning in which a conclusion is drawn (whether validly or not) from two given or assumed propositions (premises), each of which shares a term with the conclusion, and shares a common or middle term not present in the conclusion (e.g., all dogs are animals; all animals have four legs; therefore all dogs have four legs ).6
9948694767sanguineoptimistic or positive, especially in an apparently bad or difficult situation.7
9948697321servilehaving or showing an excessive willingness to serve or please others8
9948703584allegorya story, poem, or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning, typically a moral or political one.9
9948706606hyperboleexaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally.10
9948708057elegaicsorrowful, mournful, melancholic11
9948711207apostrophea figure of speech sometimes represented by an exclamation, such as "Oh." A writer or speaker speaks directly to someone who is not present or is dead, or speaks to an inanimate object.12
9948711208parallelisma literary device in which parts of the sentence are grammatically the same, or are similar in construction. It can be a word, a phrase, or an entire sentence repeated. King's famous 'I have a dream' repetition makes the speech compelling and rhythmic, as well as memorable.13
9948717778spatial organizationitems are described according to their physical position or relationships. In describing a shelf or desk, I might describe items on the left first, then move gradually toward the right.14
9948717779denotationthe literal, dictionary definition of a word.15
9948717800inversionin literary style and rhetoric, the reversal of the normal order of the words and phrases in a sentence, as, in English, the placing of an adjective after the noun it modifies ("the form divine"), a verb before its subject ("Came the dawn"). Also called anastrophe.16
9948723241anecdotal evidencethe opposite of scientific evidence because the former is driven by personal opinion and the latter is based on experimentation, methodology, and objective verification.17
9948723242antithesisThe use of contrasting concepts, words, or sentences within parallel grammatical structures.18
9948726684syntaxthe arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language.19
9948729290periodic sentencehas the main clause or predicate at the end. This is used for emphasis and can be persuasive by putting reasons for something at the beginning before the final point is made. It can also create suspense or interest for the reader.20
9948754491ellipsis...21

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