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AP Literature Allusions Flashcards

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7814759957Achilles' heeltoday, one spot that is most vulnerable; one weakness a person may have. He was invulnerable except for his heel.0
7814759958Adonishandsome young man; Aphrodite loved him1
7814759959Aeoliananything pertaining to wind; god who was Keeper of Wind2
7814759960Apolloa physically perfect male; the God of music and light, known for his physical beauty3
7814759961Argus-eyedomniscient, all-seeing; was a monster that Hera had guarding Io4
7814759962Athena/Minervagoddess of wisdom, the city, and arts5
7814759963Atlanteanstrong like Atlas- who carried the globe on his shoulders6
7814759964Auroraearly morning or sunrise; from the Roman personification of Dawn or Eos7
7814759965Bacchanalnoun. wild, drunken party or rowdy celebration8
7814759966Bacchanalianadjective. pertaining to a wild, drunken party or celebration from god of Wine9
7814759967Calliopeseries of whistles- circus organ; from the Muse of eloquence or beautiful voice10
7814759968Cassandraa person who continually predicts misfortune but often is not believed; from Greek legends: a daughter of Priam cursed by Apollo for not returning his love, he left her with the gift of prophecy but made it so no one would believe her11
7814759969Centaura monster that has the head, arms, and chest of a man, and the body and legs of a horse12
7814759970Chimeraa horrible creature of the imagination, an absurd or impossible idea; wild fanc; a monster with a lion's head, a goat's body, and a serpent's tail, supposed to breathe out fire13
7814759971Cupidityeager "desire" to possess something; greed or avarive; Roman god of love (Greek name is Eros)14
7814759972Eroticof or having to do with sexual passion or love15
7814759973Furorwild enthusiasm or excitement, rage, fury16
7814759974Gorgona very ugly or terrible person, especially a repulsive woman; Medusa, any one of three sisters have snakes for hair and faces so horrible that anone who looked at them turned to stone17
7814759975Halcyoncalm, peaceful, trainquil; Archaic bird supposed to breed in a nest on the sea and calm the water, identified with the kingfisher18
7814759976Harpya predatory person or nagging woman; a foul creature that was part woman, part bird19
7814759977Hectorto bully; was the son of Priam (king of Troy) and the bravest Trojan warrior. Killed Achilles' friend Patroclus20
7814759978Helen (of troy)a specialist of language or culture in Greece; symbol of a beautiful woman; was the daughter of Leda and Zeus- the cause of the Trojan War21
7814759979Herculeanvery strong or of extraordinary power; was the son of Zeus, he performed the 12 labors imposed by Hera22
7814759980Hydra-Headedhaving many centers or branches, hard to bring under control; something bad you cannot eradicate; was a 9-headed serpent that was sacred to Hera, Hercules killed him in one of the 12 labors23
7814759981Iridescenta play of colors producing rainbow effects; was the goddess of the rainbow24
7814759982Jovialgood humored; used to express surprise or agreement25
7814759983Jonoesquemarked by stately beauty; wife of Jupiter the Goddess of light, birth, women and marriage26
7814759984Lethargyabnormal drowsiness or intertia; from a river in Hades that caused drinkers to forget their past27
7814759985Martialsuited for war or a warrior; from the Roman God of War28
7814759986Medeasorceress or enchantress; heldped Jason and the Argonauts capture the Golden Fleece, known for her revenge against Jason when he spurned her for the princess of Corinth29
7814759987Mentora trusted counselor or guide; a friend of Odysseus' son, who was entrusted with his education30
7814759988Mercurialsuddenly cranky or changeable31
7814759989Mercury/Hermesa carrier or tidings, a newsboy, a messenger; messenger of the gods, conductor of souls to the lower world, and gold of eloquence; the fabled inventor, wore winged hat and sandals32
7814759990Mnemonicsa device used to aid memory; the personification of memory who gave birth to the nine Muses, who supposedly gave good memory in story telling33
7814759991Morphinea bitter white, crystalline alkaloid used to relieve pain and induce sleep; was a god that could easily change shape or form34
7814759992Musesome creature of inspiration;daughters of Mnemosyne and Zeus, divine singers that presided over thought in all its forms35
7814759993Narcissismbeing in love with our own self image; a handsome young man who despised love, Echo (a nypmh) who was in love with him was rejected and decreed, "Let he who loves not others, love himself." Hearing this, he fell in love with his image, while gazing in a pond, and drowned himself trying to capture it36
7814759994Nemesisjust punishment, one who inflicts due punishment; goddess who punishes crime, but more often she is the power charged with curbing all excess, such as excessive good fortune or arrogant pride37
7814759995Neptunethe sea personified; the Roman god associated with Poseidon, god of the water and oceans38
7814759996Niobemournful woman; her children were slain by Apollo and Artemis because of her bragging, the gods pitied her and turned her into a rock that was always wet from weeping39
7814759997Odysseya long journey; named for a character in the epic by Homer. He makes his long journey back from the Trojan War, encountering several obstacles along the way40
7814759998Olympianmajestic in manner, superior to mundane affairs; any participant in the ancient or modern games;41
7814759999Paeana song of joy; a ritual epithet of Apollo the healer. In Homeric poems was an independent god of healing when the latter was wounded42
7814760000Pandora's Boxsomething that opens the door for bad occurences, opened by someone known for curiosity; named after the one who was the first mortal, sent by Zeus, to punish man for Prometheus' theft of fire. For her curiosity, Zeus gave her all human ills in the world, leaving only hope at the bottom43
7814760001ParnassusMountain was sacred to arts and literature; any center of poetic or artistic activity; poetry or poets collectively; named after the hero, the son of Poseidon and a nymph, who founded the oracle of Python, which was later occupied by Apollo44
7814760002Pegasuspoetic inspiration; named after a winged horse which sprang from the blood Medusa at her death; a stamp of his hoof caused Hippocrene, the fountain of the Muses, to issue poetic inspiration from Mount Helicon45
7814760003Phoenixa symbol of immortality or rebirth; a long bird which lived in the Arabian desert and then consumed itself in fire, rising renewed from the flame to start another long life46
7814760004Plutocracya government by the wealthy; he was originally the god of the fields because the ground was the source of all wealth, ores and jewels47
7814760005Prometheanlife-bringing, creative, or courageously orginal; named after a Titan who brought man the use of fire which he had stolen from heaven for their benefit48
7814760006Proteantaking many forms, versatile; named after a god of the sea, charged with tending the flocks of the sea creatures belonging to Poseidon. He had the ability to change himself into whatever form he desired, using this power particularly when he wanted to elude those asking him questions49
7814760007Psychethe human soul, self, the mind; named after a maiden who, after undergoing many hardships due to Aphrodite's jealousy, reunited with Cupid and was made immortal by Jupiter, she personifies the soul joined to the heart of love50
7814760008Pygmalionsomeone (usually a male) who tries to fashion someone into the person he desires; from a myth adapted into a play by George Bernard Shaw; a woman-hating sculptor who makes a female figure of ivory who Aphrodite brings to life for him51
7814760009Pyrrhic victorya too costly victory; named after a Greek king who defeated the Romans in 279 BC, but suffered extermely heavy losses in the fight52
7814760010Saturnaliaa period of unrestrained revelry; named after an ancient Roman festival with general feasting in revelry in honor of the winter solstice53
7814760011Saturninesluggish, gloomy, morose, inactive in winter months, name for a god often associated with the god of the Underworld54
7814760012Sibyla witch or sorceress; a priestess who made known the oracles of Apollo and possessed the gift of prophecy55
7814760013Sisypheangready and avaricious; from the shrewd and greedy king of Cornith who was doomed forever in Hades to roll uphill a heavy stone, which always rolled down again56
7814760014Stentorianhaving a loud voice; named after a character in the Iliad who could shout as loudly as 50 men. He engaged in a shouting match against Hermes and was put to death after losing57
7814760015Stygiandark and gloomy; named after a river in the Underworld. The water is poisonous for human and cattle and said to break iron, metal and potter, though it is said a horse's hoof is unharmed by it58
7814760016Tantalizefrom a King who reigned on Mt. Sipylus and was condemned to reside in a beautiful river with sumptuous fruits just out of reach and the water undrinkable, always tempting him as punishment for excessive pride (he boiled his son and fed the broth to trick the gods)59
7814760017Terpsichoreanpertaining to dance; named after one of the nine muses, sometimes said to be the mother of the sirens and the protector of dance60
7814760018Titaniclarge, grand, enormous; named after a giant- the sone of Zeus and Elara. His body covers two acres; or named after the offspring of Chronus and Rhea, who went to war against Zeus and the other Olympian gods61
7814760019Volcanoesoriginated from the Roman god of fire, whose forge is said to be under mountains62
7814760020Vulcanizeto treat rubber with sulfur to increase strength and elasticity; from the Roman God of Fore and Mettalurgy63
7814760021Zeusa powerful man; king of the gods, ruler of Mt. Olympus, vengful hurler of thunderbolts64
7814760022Babbitta self-satisfied person concerned chiefly with business and middle-class ideals like material success; a member of the American working class whose unthinking attachment to its business and social ideals is such to make him a model of narrow-mindedness and self-satisfaction; named after the main character in a novel by Sinclair Lewis65
7814760023Brobdingnagiangigantic, enormous, on a large scale, enlarged; named after the land of giants visited by Gulliver in Gulliver's Travels by Jonathon Swift66
7814760024Bumbleto speak or behave clumsily or faltering, to make a humming or droning sound; a clubsy religious figure in a work of literature67
7814760025Cinderellaone who gains affluence or recognition after obscurity and neglect, a person or thing whose beauty or worth remains unrecognized; after the fairy-tale heroine who escapes from a life of drudgery through the intervention of a fairy godmother and marries a handsome prince68
7814760026Don Juana libertine, profligate, a man obsessed with seducing women; named after the legendary 14th century Spanish nobleman and libertine character69
7814760027Don Quixotesomeone overly idealistic to the point of having impossible dreams; from the crazed and impoverished Spanish noble who sets out to revive the glory of knighthood, romanticized in the musical The Man of La Mancha based on the story by Cervantes70
7814760028Panglossianblindly or misleadinngly optimistic; after a character in Candide by Voltair, a pedantic old tutor71
7814760029Falstaffianfull of wit and bawdy humor; named after a fat, sensual, boastful, and mendacious knight who was the companion of Henry, Prince of Wales72
7814760030Frankensteinanything that threatens or destroys its creator, from the young scientist in Mary Shelley's novel of this name, who creates a monster that eventually destroys him73
7814760031Fridaya faithful and willing attendant, ready to turn his hand to anything; from the young savage found by Robinson Crusoe and kept as his servant and companion on the desert island74
7814760032Galahada pure and noble man with limited ambition; in the legends of King Arthur, the purest and most virtous knight of the Round Table, the only knight to find the Holy Grail75
7814760033Jekyll and Hydea capricious person with two sides to his/her personality; from a character in a novel who had a split personality (one good and one evil)76
7814760034Lilliputiandescriptive of a very small person or of something diminutive, trivial or petty; after the tiny people in Gulliver's Travels by Jonathon Swift77
7814760035Little Lord Fauntleroyrefers either to a certain type of children's clothing or to a beautiful, but pampered and effeminate small boy; from a work in Frances H. Burnett, the main character, 7 year old Cedric Errol was a striking figure, dressed in black velevet with a lace collar and yellow curls78
7814760036Lotharioused to describe a man whose chief interest is seducing a woman; from the play The Fiar Penitent by Nicholas Rowe, the main character and seducer79
7814760037Malapropismthe usually unintentional humorous misuse or distortion of a word or phrase, especially the use of a word sounding somewhat like the one intended, but ludicrously wrong in context; named after a character noted for her misuse of words in R.B. Sheridan's comedy The Rivals80
7814760038Milquetoasta timid, weak, or unassertive person; from a comic strip character created by H.T. Webster81
7814760039Pickwickianhumorous, sometimes derogatory; from character in a Charles Dickens' novel82
7814760040Pollyannaa person characterized by impermissible optimism and a tendency to find good in everything, a foolishly or blindly optimistic person; from Eleanor Porter's heronine in her novel83
7814760041Pooh-baha pompous, ostentatious official, especially one who, holding many offices, fulfills none of them; a person who holds high office; after a character in The Mikado, a musical by Gilbert and Sullivan84
7814760042Quixotichaving foolish and impractical ideas of honor, or schemes for the general good; after a half-crazy reformer and knight of the supposed distressed85
7814760043Robota machine that looks like a human being and performs various acts of a human being, a similar but functional machine whose lack of capacity for human emotions is often emphasized by an efficient, insensitive person who functions automatically, a mechanism guided by controls from a Karel Capek novel86
7814760044Rodomontadebluster and boasting; to boast; from a brave but braggart knight in Bojardo's Orlando Inamorato; King of Sarza or Algiers, son of Ulteus, and commander of both horse and foot in the Saracen Army87
7814760045Scroogea bitter and/or greedy person; from Charles Dickens' A Christmas Carol, an elderly stingy miser who is given a reality check by three visiting ghosts88
7814760046Simon Legreea harsh, cruel, or demanding person in authority, such as an employer or officer that acts in this manner; form Uncle Tom's Cabin by Harriet Beecher Ward, the brutal slave overseer89
7814760047Svengalia person with an irresistible hypnotic power; from a person in a novel written in 1894 by George Maueriers; a musician who hynotizes and gains control over the heroine90
7814760048Tartuffehypocrite or someone who is hypocritical; central charcter in a comedy by Moliere produced in 1667 who was famous for his hypocritical piety91
7814760049Uncle Tomsomeone thought to have the timid service attitude like that of a slave to his owner; from the humble, pious, long-suffering Negro slave in a novel by abolitionist writer Stowe92
7814760050Uriah Heepa fawning toadie, an obsequious person; from a character in Charles Dickens' David Copperfield93
7814760051Walter Mittya commonplace non-adventuresome person who seeks escape from reality through daydreaming; a henpecked husband or dreamer, aftera daydreaming henpecked "hero" in a story by James Thurber94
7814760052Yahooa boorish, crass, or stupid person; from a member of the race of brutes in Swift's Gulliver's Travels who have the form and all the vices of humans95
7814760053Absoloma son who brings heartache to his father; from the third son of David, King of Israel. Exiled for 3 years before he was allowed to return to the court or see his royal father, he plotted to cause a rebellion against his father to overtake the kingdom because he heard Soloman was to succeed David. When he was killed in battle, King David grieved for his son in spite of his treachery against him96
7814760054Alpha and Omegathe beginning and the end, from a quote in Revelations in the New Testament97
7814760055Caina brother who kills a brother; from the story of Adam and Eve's son who killed his brother Abel out of jealousy98
7814760056Danielone known for wisdom and accurate judgment; from a wise leader in the Old Teastament who was able to read the handwriting on the wall99
7814760057David and Bathshebarepresents a big sin; from the King's affair with the wife of uriah. After they had an affair she became pregnant, the King had her husband Uriah put on the front lines of battle so he would die. This affair was critical turning point in the King's life. Prior to this, he had prospered greatly, but afterward, his personal fortunes were greatly diminished. Nathan the prophet confronted the King after he took his mistress for his wife and trapped him into admitting his own guilt100
7814760058Eye of the Needlea very difficult task; from a famous narrow gateway. In the NT, Jesus said it was easier for a camel to go through this than for a rich man to enter heaven101
7814760059Filthy Lucremoney or profits; from a story in the NT of Jesus casting moneylenders out of the Temple102
7814760060Goliatha large person; from the giant from a Philistine city, slain by David when he was a shepherd boy103
7814760061Good Samaritansomeone who helps another person, perhaps someone of a different race or background; from a NT parable about the traditional enemy of the Hebrews who stopped to help a Jewish man who had been beaten and left for dead at the side of the raod104
7814760062Handwriting on the wallwhat the future holds; from the OT story of Daniel, who was able to accurately predict something that predicted the imminent death of the king105
7814760063Ishmaelone who is cast out as being unworthy; the son of Abraham and his handmaiden Hagar, he was cast out into the desert when his wife Sarah had their son Issac; therefore said to be the ancestor of the nomadic desert tribes of Arabs106
7814760064Jacobgrandson of Abraham, son of Issac and Rebekah, brother of Esau, and the traditional ancestor of Israelites. His name was changed to Israel, and his 12 sons became the 12 Tribes of Israel107
7814760065Jobhe who suffers a great deal but remains faithful; from an OT character whose faith in god was tested by Satan, though he lost his family and belongings, he remained patient and faithful108
7814760066Job's comforters"friends" who try to help by bringing blame; ironically these people didn't help at all but were the source of more affliction109
7814760067Jonahone who brings bad luck; an OT prophet who ran from God and saild to sea. When a storm arose, he admissted that he was the cause, and the sailors threw him overboard, where he was swallowed by a large fish110
7814760068Judasa traitor or a treacherous kiss; one the 12 Apostles, notorious for betraying Jesus. His surname in Latin means murderer or assassin. He disclosed Jesus' whereabouts to the chief priests and elders for 30 pieces of silver111
7814760069King Ahab and Jezabelan evil king of Israel and his treacherous evil wife, synonymous today with evil. Through their marriage, they introduced the worship of Baal, an idol, to Israel, inciting mutual enmity with the prophets. She instigated the murder Naboth for the possession of a vineyard. Today her name means a brazen or forward woman112
7814760070Mannaa sustaining life-giving source or food; from the sweetish bread-like food that feel from heaven for the Israelites as they crossed the Sinai Desert to the Promised Land with Moses113
7814760071Original Sin/The Fallthe idea that all men are innately sinful as a result of Adam and Eve's fall from the state of innocence. When they ate the forbidden fruit, they were cast out of the Biblical Garden of Eden; a post-biblical expression for the doctrine of Adam's transgression and mankind's consequential inheritance of a sinful nature because he ate the forbidden fruit from the Tree of Knowledge114
7814760072Pearl of Great Pricesomething so precious that one would devote everything to or give up everything for it. In one of Jesus' parables, the kingdom of heaven is compared to this, or value found by a merchant115
7814760073Philistinea person indeifferent or hostile to the arts and refinement; from Sea-going people from Crete who became enemies of the Isrealites and fought over their lands116
7814760074Prodigal Sona wasteful son who disappoints his father; from the NT parable of a man with two sons. When he split his estate between the two, the younger son gathered his fortune and left home to live the wild life, while the older son stayed home to work in the fields. When the younger son spent all of the money, he came crawling back to his father, who accepted him, pardoning his error by saying he was "lost but was found"117
7814760075Ruth and Naomiparagons of love between in-laws; faithful friends. From the OT story of a woman, who, when her husband died in battle, left her own land to travel with his mother back to her people118
7814760076Samson and DelilahTreacherous love story; he was an israelite hero and legendary warrior with extraordinary physical strenght, fell in love with a Philistine woman. When she learned his hair was the source of his strength, she betrayed him by accepting a Philistine bribe to cut off his hair while he slept. Today her name is associated with a voluptuous, treacherous woman119
7814760077Scapegoatone that is made an object of blame for others; was once symbolically burned with the sins of Jewish people and thrown over a precipce outside of Jerusalem to rid the nation of iniquities120
7814760078Sepulchertomb in the OT121
7814760079Sodom and Gomorrahany place associated with wickedness or sin; from the evil cities of the OT that were destroyed by fire122
7814760080Solomonan extremely wise person; from the son of the King of David, the Israelite king who wrote Proverbs, and was known for wisdom123
7814760081Tweleve Tribes of Israelaccording to the OT, the Hebrew people took possession of the Promised Land of Cannan after the death of Moses and named the tribes after the sons and grandson of Jacob (whose name was changed to Israel): Reuben, Simeon, Judah, issachar, Zebulum, Gad, Asher, Dan, Naphtali, Joseph, Manasseh, and Ephraim124
7814760082Atillabarbarian, rough leader; King of the Huns from 433-453 and the most successful ofthe barbarian invaders of the Roman Empire125
7814760083Berserkdescructively or frenetically violent, mental, or emotial upset; a warrior clothed in bear skin who worked himself into a frenzy before battle126
7814760084Bloomerundergarments for dance or active war; underwear formally worn by females that was composed of loose trousers gathered at the angkles; invented by an American woman social reformer127
7814760085Bowdlerizeto cnesor, expurgate prudishly, to modify, as by shortening or simplifying or skewing content; after a man who expurgated Shakespeare128
7814760086Boycottto act together in abstaining from using, buying, or dealing with as an expression of protest or disfavor or as a means of coercion. Named after a former British soldier, refused to charge lower rents and ejected his tenants. He and his family found themselves without servants, farmlands, service in stores, or mail delivery. His name was adapted as the term for this treatment129
7814760087Canopyan overhanging protection or shelter, to cover up or hover above130
7814760088Casanovaa man who is amorously and gallantly attentive to women; a promiscuous man; named after an Italian adventurer who established a legendary reputation as a lover131
7814760089Chavinistone who has a militant to and glorification of one's country, fanatical patriotism, prejudiced belief in the superiority of one's own gender, group or kind; named after a legendary French soldier devoted to Napoleon132
7814760090Derricka machine for hoisting and moving heavy objects, consisting of a movable boom equipped with cables and pulleys and connected to the base of an upright stationary beam, a tall framework over a drilled hold, esp. an oil well, used to support boring equipment; named after a Londn hangman133
7814760091Donnybrrokany riotous occasion; taken from a fair held in Dublin County, Irelnd until 1855 which was famous for rioting and dissipation134
7814760092Dungareea style of casual work pants; from a coarse cotton fabric of East Indian origin; from a Hindu word135
7814760093El Doradoa place of reputed wealth; from the legendary city in South America, sought by early Spanish explorers136
7814760094Hackneyto make something banal or trite by frequent use, a horse for ordinary riding or driving, a horse kept for hire, let out, employed, or done fore hire; from the most name of the most common breed of heavy harness horses in the US137
7814760095Horatio Algerone who believes that a person can make it on his own merits; from the American writer of inspirational adventure books138
7814760096Laconicusing or marked by the use of few words, brief; from the reputation of the Spartans for brevity of speech139
7814760097Limericka humorous or nonsense verse of five lines; from a county in the Republic of Ireland where the form is said to have originated140
7814760098Machiavelliancharacterized by expedience, deceit and cunning, after a philosopher known for his treaties and political expediency, wrote "The Prince"141
7814760099Marathona long distance race, source of the Victory of the Greeks over Persians in 490 BC142
7814760100McCarthyismmodern witch hunt, the practice of publicizing accusations of political disloyalty or subversions with insufficient regard to evidence, the use of unfair investigatory or accusatory methods, in order to suppress opposition; after an American politician who was a US senator from WWI publicly accused many citizens of subversion143
7814760101Meanderto wander aimlessly, origingating from a rieer in Turkey noted for its winding course144
7814760102Mesmerizeto induce the state of being hypnotized; named for an Austrian physician who used hypnotism and develped a theory called "animal magnetism"145
7814760103Nostradamusfortune teller, French physician and astrologer who wrote a book of rhymed prophecies146
7814760104Sardonicbitterly ironical, sarcastic, sneering; from a plant said to bring on fits of laughter147
7814760105Shanghaito cheat or steal, to make drugs, liquor, etc. to bring or get by trickery or force; a seaport in East China where sailors on voyages there often could secure illicit means148
7814760106Spartanfrugal and bare, simple, disciplined and stern and brace; having to do with an important city in Greece, the people there were known for simplicity of life, severity, courage, and brevity of speech149
7814760107Stonewallhinder or obstruct by evasive, delaying tactics; in cricket: trying to go completely defensive, blocking every ball without trying to score; relating to a Confederate General from the remark during the Battle of Bull Run.150
7814760108Swiftiansatirical; from an authors famous satire on politics in Gulliver's Travels151
7814760109Sybariticluxurious, voluptuous, a person who cares very much for luxery and pleasure; an inhabitant of a town founded by the Greeks in ancient Italy, which was known for its luxury152
7814760110Thespianhaving to do with the theater or acting; relating to an Attic poet of the 6th century BC, reputed to the father of Greek tragedy153
7814760111Uncle Samgovernment of people of the United States, derived from a businessman with initals US on shipping boxes in 1800's154
7814760112Utopiaan imaginary and perfect society; name of a Thomas More novel155
7814760113Wagnerianstyle of music: loud, dramatic, radical; having to do with a certain composer's music, style, or theories156
7814760114Waterlooa decisive or final defet or setback; Belgian 1816, source of Napoleon's last defeat157

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