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AP Literature Allusions Flashcards

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3222565251Achilles' heelToday, one spot that is most vulnerable, one weakness a person may have. Achilles was invulnerable except for his heel (Achilles tendon)0
3222566413AdonisHandsome young man; Aphrodite loved him1
3222566677AeolianAnything pertaining to wind; god who was Keeper of the Winds2
3222567055ApolloA physically perfect male; the God of music and light; know for his physical beauty3
3222568182Argus-eyedOmniscient, all-seeing; from Argus, the 100-eyed monster that Hera had guarding Io4
3222594746Athena/MinervaGoddess of wisdom, the city, and the arts; patron goddess of the city of Athens5
3222596495AtlanteanStrong like Atlas, who carried the globe of the world of his shoulders6
3222596946AuroraEarly morning or sunrise; from the Roman personification of Dawn or Eos7
3222598046BacchanalWild, drunken party or rowdy celebration; from god of wine Bacchus8
3222598827BacchanalianPertaining to a wild, drunken party or celebration from god of wine, Bacchus (Roman) or Dionysus (Greek)9
3222599911CalliopeSeries of whistles—circus organ; from the Muse of eloquence or beautiful voice10
3222602770CassandraA person who continually predicts misfortune is not believed; from (Greek legends) a daughter of Priam cursed by Apollo for not returning his love; he left her with the gift of prophecy but made it so no one would believe her11
3222604094CentaurA monster that had the head, arms, and chest of a man, and the body and legs of a horse12
3222604456ChimeraA horrible creature of the imagination, an absurd of impossible idea; wild fancy; a monster with a lion's head, a goat's body, and a serpent's tail, supposed to breathe out fire13
3222608714CupidityEager "desire" to possess something; greed or avarice; Roman god of love (Greek name is Eros)14
3222609469EroticOf or having to do with sexual passion or love; Greek god of love, Eros15
3222610158Furor(Latin, furere to rage) wild enthusiasm or excitement, rage; fury, "run like fury"; any one of the three furies16
3222612499GorgonA very ugly or terrible person, especially a repulsive woman; Medusa, any one of three sisters having snakes for hair and faces so horrible that anyone who looked at them turned to stone17
3222614513HalcyonCalm, peaceful, tranquil—archaic bird supposed to breed in a nest on the sea and calm the water, identified with the kingfisher (Latin18
3222616174HarpyA predatory person or nagging woman; from harpy, a foul creature that was part woman, part bird19
3222617148HectorTo bully; from Hector, the son of Priam (king of Troy), and the bravest Trojan warrior. Killed Achilles' friend Patroclus20
3222620671Helen of TroyHellenistic; of or relating to Greece, or a specialist of language or culture in Greece; symbol of a beautiful woman; from Helen of Troy, the daughter of Leda and Zeus—the cause of the Trojan War21
3222625618HerculeanVery strong or of extraordinary power; from Hercules, Hera's glory, the son of Zeus. He performed the 12 labors imposed by Hera22
3222626896Hydra-headedHaving may centers or branches, hard to bring under control; something bad you cannot eradicate; from Hydra, the 9-headed serpent that was sacred to Hera. Hercules killed him in one of the 12 labors23
3222630015IridescentA play of colors producing rainbow effects; from Iris, goddess of the rainbow24
3222630619JovialGood humored; from the word Jove, used to express surprise or agreement (Jupiter)25
3222631795JunoesqueMarked by stately beauty; comes from the word Juno, the wife of Jupiter, the Goddess of light, birth, women, and marriage26
3222633256LethargyAbnormal drowsiness or inertia; from the word Lethe, a river in Hades that caused drinkers to forget their past27
3222633808MartialSuited for war or a warrior; from Mars, the Roman God of War28
3222634618MedeaSorceress or enchantress; from Madea who helped to Jason and the Argonauts capture the Golden fleece; known for her revenge against Jason turned her for the Princess of Corinth29
3222636791MentorA trusted counselor guide; from Mentor, a friend of Odysseus's son, who was trusted with his education30
3222637913MercurialSuddenly cranky or changeable; Roman mythology, of or relating to God Mercury31
3222639552Mercury/HermesA carrier of tidings, a newsboy, a messenger; messenger of the gods, conductor of souls to the lower world, and god of eloquence; the fabled inventor, wore winged hat and sandals32
3222640731MnemonicsA device used to aid memory; the personification of memory, Mnemosyne, who gave birth to the nine Muses, who supposedly have good memory in story telling33
3222644847MorphineA bitter white, crystalline alkaloid used to relieve pain and induce sleep; Morpheus was a god that could easily change form or shape34
3222645607MuseSome creature of inspiration; the daughters of Mnemosyne and Zeus, divine singers that presided over thought in all its forms35
3222646600NarcissismBeing in love with our own self-image; named for Narcissus, a handsome young man who despised love. Echo, a nymph who was in love with him, was rejected and decreed, "Let he who loves not others love himself." Hearing this, he fell in love with his image, while gazing in a pond, and drowned himself trying to capture it36
3222652276NemesisJust punishment, one who inflicts due punishment; Goddess who punishes crime; but more often she is the power charged with curbing all access, such as excessive good fortune or arrogant pride37
3222653801NeptuneThe sea personified; the Roman god associated with Poseidon, god of water and oceans38
3222654361NiobeMournful woman; from Niobe, whose children were slain by Apollo and Artemis because of her bragging; the gods pitied her and turned her into a rock that was always wet and weeping39
3222657326OdysseyA long journey; named for Odysseus, the character in The Odyssey, by Homer. Odysseus makes his long journey back from the Trojan War, encountering several obstacles along the way40
3222667105OlympianMajestic in manner, superior to mundane affairs; any participant in the ancient or modern Olympic games; named after 12 gods that were supposed to reside on Mt. Olympus41
3222668187PaeanA song of joy; a ritual epithet of Apollo the healer. In Homeric poems, an independent god of healing named Paean or Paeon, who took care of Hades when the latter was wounded42
3222669914Pandora's BoxSomething that opens the door for bad occurrences, opened by someone known for curiosity; named for Pandora who was the first mortal, sent by Zeus, to punish man for Prometheus' theft of fire. For her curiosity in opening the box, Zeus gave her all human ills in the world, leaving only hope at the bottom43
3222672108ParnassusMountain was sacred to arts and literature; any center of poetic or artistic activity; poetry or poets collectively, a common title for selection of poetry; named after the hero of Mr. Parnassus, the son of Poseidon and a Nymph. He founded the oracle of Python, which was later occupied by Apollo44
3222676060PegasusPoetic inspiration; named after a winged horse which sprang from the blood of Medusa at her death; a stamp of his hoof caused Hippocrene, the fountain of the Muses, to issue poetic inspiration from Mount Helicon45
3222677216PhoenixA symbol of immortality or rebirth; named after the Egyptian Mythology phoenix, a long bird which lived in the Arabian desert and then consumed itself in fire, rising renewed from the flame to start another long life46
3222678339PlutocracyA government by the wealthy; named after Pluton, the "Rich Man," a ritual title of Hades. He was originally the god of the fields because the ground with the source of all wealth, ores, and jewels.47
3222684335PrometheanLife-bringing, creative, or courageously original; named after a Titan who brought man the use of fire which he had stolen from heaven for their benefit48
3222687892ProteanTaking many forms, versatile; named after Proteus, a god of the sea, charged with tending the flocks of the sea creatures belonging to Poseidon. He had the ability to change himself into whatever form he desired, using this power particularly when he wanted to elude those asking questions49
3222692119PsycheThe human soul, self, the mind; named after Psyche, a maiden who, after undergoing many hardships due to Aphrodite's jealousy, reunited with Cupid and was made immortal by Jupiter; she personifies the soul joined to the heart of love50
3222695081PygmalionSomeone (usually a male) who tries to fashion someone into the person he desires; from a myth adapted into a play by George Bernard Shaw; a woman-hating sculptor who makes a female figure of ivory who Aphrodite brings to life for min51
3222696325Pyrrhic victoryA too costly victory; from Pyrrhus, a Greek king who defeated the Romans in 279 BC but suffered extremely heavy losses in the fight52
3222697259SaturnaliaA period of unrestrained revelry; named after the ancient Roman festival of Saturn, with general feasting in revelry in honor of the winter solstice53
3222698452SaturnineSluggish, gloomy, morose, inactive in winter months; named after the god Saturn, often associated with the god of the Underworld54
3222698941SibylA witch or sorceress; a priestess who made known the oracles of Apollo and possessed the gift of prophecy55
3222699600Sisypheanendless and impossible to complete; from the shrewd and greedy king of Corinth, Sisyphus, who was doomed forever in Hades to roll uphill a heavy stone, which always rolled down again56
3222702142StentorianHaving a loud voice; after Stentor, a character in the Illiad who could shout as loudly as 50 men. He engaged in a shouting match against Hermes and was put to death after losing57
3222707072StygianDark and gloomy; named after the river Styx, a river in the Underworld. The water is poisonous for human and cattle and is said to break iron, metal, and pottery, though it is said that a horse's hoof is unharmed by it58
3222709570Tantalizefrom King Tantalus, who reigned on Mt. Sipylus and was condemned to reside in a beautiful river with sumptuous fruits just out of reach and the water undrinkable, always tempting him as punishment59
3222712614TerpsichoreanPertaining to dance; for Terpsichore, one of the nine muses, sometimes said to be the mother of the sirens and the protector of dance60
3222713770TitanicLarge, grand, and enormous; after Tityus, a giant, the son of Zeus and Elara. His body covers two acres. Or after the Titans, the offspring of Cronus and Rhea, who went to war against Zeus and the other Olympian gods61
3222715443VolcanoesOriginated from Vulcan, the Roman god of fire, whose forge is said to be under mountains62
3222716109VulcanizeTo treat rubber with sulfur to increase strength and elasticity; from the Roman God of Fire and Metallurgy, Vulcan/Hephaestus63
3222717131ZeusA powerful man; king of the Gods, ruler of Mt. Olympus, vengeful hurler of thunderbolts64
3223600920BabbittIt felt satisfied person concerns chiefly with business and middle-class ideals like material success; a member of the American working class whose unthinking attachment to its business and social ideals is such to make him a model of narrow-mindedness and self-satisfaction; after George F. Babbitt, the main character in the novel Babbitt by Sinclair Lewis65
3223605271BrobdingnagianGigantic, enormous, on a large scale, enlarged; after Brobdingnag, the land of giants visited by Gulliver in Gulliver's Travels by Jonathan Swift66
3223609373BumbleTo speak or behave clumsily or falteringly, to make a humming or droning sound; Middle English bomblem; a clumsy religious figure (a beadle) in a work of literature67
3223611422CinderellaOne who gains affluence or recognition after obscurity and neglect, a person or thing whose beauty or worth remains unrecognized; after the fairytale heroine who escapes from a life of drudgery through the intervention of a fairy godmother and marries a handsome prince68
3223614501Don JuanA libertine, profligate, a man obsessed with seducing women; After Don Juan, the legendary 14th century Spanish nobleman and libertine69
3223616206Don QuixoteSomeone overly idealistic to the point of having impossible dream; from the crazy and impoverished Spanish noble who sets out to revive the glory of night, romanticized in the musical The Man of La Mancha based on the story by Cervantes70
3223619416PanglossianBlindly or misleadingly optimistic; after Dr. Pangloss in Candide by Voltaire, a pedantic old tutor71
3223620238FalstaffianFull of wit and bawdy humor; after Falstaff, a fat, sensual, boastful, and mendacious knight72
3223621556FrankensteinAnything that threatens or destroys its creator; from the young scientist in Mary Shelley's novel of the same name, who creates a monster that eventually destroys him73
3223623819FridayFaithful and willing attendant, ready to turn his hand to anything; from the young savage found by Robinson Crusoe on a Friday, and kept as his servant and companion on the Desert Island74
3223626666Jekyll and HydeA capricious person with two sides to his/her personality; from a character in the famous novel Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, who had more than one personality, a split personality (one good and one evil)75
3223629520LilliputianDescriptive of a very small person or something diminutive, trivial or petty; after the Lilliputians, tiny people in Gullivers travels by Jonathan Swift76
3223631001Little Lord FauntleroyRefers to either a certain type of children's clothing or to a beautiful, but pampered and effeminate small boy; from a work by Francis H Burnett, the main character, seven-year-old Cedric Harrell, with a striking figure, dressed in black velvet with a lace collar and yellow curls77
3223633340LotharioUsed to describe a man whose chief interest is seducing a woman; from the play The Fair Penitent by Nicholas Rowe, the main character and seducer78
3223634942MalapropismThe usually unintentional humorous misuse or distortion of a word or phrase, especially the use of a word sounding somewhat like the one intended, but ludicrously wrong in context- Example: polo bears. Mrs. malaprop was a character noted for her misuse of words in RB Sheridan's comedy The Rivals79
3223637939MilquetoastA timid, weak, or unassertive person; from Casper Milquetoast, who was a comic strip character created by H.T. Webster80
3223639128PickwickianHumorous, sometimes derogatory; from Samuel Pickwick, a character in Charles Dickins' Pickwickian Papers81
3223641705PollyannaA person characterized by impermissible optimism and a tendency to find good in everything, of foolishly or blindly optimistic person; from Eleanor Porter's heroine, Pollyanna Whittier, in the book Pollyanna82
3223643991Pooh-bahA pompous, ostentatious official, especially on who, holding many offices, fulfills none of them, a person who holds high office; after Pooh-Bah Lord-High-Everything-Else, a character in The Mikado, a musical by Gilbert and Sullivan83
3223645755QuixoticHaving foolish and impractical ideas of honor, or schemes for the general good; after Don Quixote, a half-crazy reformer and knight of the supposed distressed, in a novel by the same name84
3223648105RobotA machine that looks like a human being and performs various acts of a human being, a similar but functional machine whose lack of capacity for human emotions is often emphasized by an efficient, insensitive person who functions automatically, a mechanism guided by controls from Karel Capek Rossum's Universal Robots (1920), taken from Czech "robota," meaning drudgery85
3223652063RodomontadeBluster and boasting, to boast (rodomontading or rodomontaded); from Rodomont, a brave but braggart knight from Board's Orlando Inamorato; King of Sarza or Algiers, for of Ulteus, and commander of both horse and foot in the Saracen Army86
3223654868ScroogeA bitter and/or greedy person; from Charles Dickens' A Christmas Carol, an elderly stingy miser who is given a reality check by three visiting ghosts87
3223655982Simon LegreeA cruel, harsh, or demanding person in authority, such as an officer or employer that acts in this manner; from Uncle Tom's Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe, the brutal slave overseer88
3223659806SvengaliA person with an irresistible hypnotic power; from a person in a novel written in 1894 by George Mauriers; a musician who hypnotizes and gains control over the heroine89
3223677478TartuffeHypocrite or someone who is hypocritical; central character in a comedy by Moliere produced in 1667; Moliere was famous for his hypocritical poetry90
3223679034Uncle TomSomeone though to have the timid service attitude like that of a slave to his owner; from the humble, pious, long-suffering slave in Uncle Tom's Cabin by abolitionist writer Stowe91
3223681173Uriah HeepA fawning toadie, an obsequious person; from a character in Charles Dickens' David Copperfield(1849 to 1850)92
3223684176Walter MittyA commonplace, and non-adventurous person who seeks escape from reality through daydreaming, a henpecked husband or dreamer; a daydreaming henpecked "hero" in a story by James Thurber93
3223686135YahooA boorish, crass, or stupid person; from a member of a race of brutes in Swift's Gullivers travels who have the form and all vices of humans94
3223687241AbsalomA son who brings heartache to his father; from the third son of David, king of Israel. Exiled for three years before he was allowed to return to the court or see his royal father, Absalom plotted to cause a rebellion against his father to overtake the kingdom because he heard Solomon was to succeed David. When Absalom was killed in battle, King David grieved for his son in spite of his treachery against him.95
3223691254Alpha and OmegaThe beginning and the end, from a quote in revelations in the New Testament96
3223691864CainA brother who kill the brother; from the story of Adam and Eve son Cain, who killed his brother Abel out of jealousy97
3223692642DanielOne known for wisdom and accurate judgment; from the wise leader in the Old Testament who is able to read the handwriting on the wall98
3223693920David and BathshebaRepresents a big sin; from King David's affair with Bathsheba, the wife of Uriah. After they had an affair and she became pregnant, David had her husband Uriah put on the front lines of battle so that he would die. The "Bathsheba fair" formed a crucial turning point in King David's life. Prior to this, he had prospered greatly, but afterward, his personal fortunes were greatly diminished. Nathan the prophet confronted David after he took Bathsheba for his wife and entrapped him into admitting his own guilt.99
3223700469Eye of the NeedleA very difficult task; from famous narrow gateway called "the needle." In the New Testament, Jesus said it was easier for a camel to go through the eye of the needle than for a rich man to enter Heaven100
3223702152Filthy LucreMoney or profits; from a story in the New Testament of Jesus casting moneylenders out of the temple101
3223703096GoliathA large person; from the giant from the Philistine city of Gath, slain by David when he was a shepherd boy102
3223704699Good SamaritanSomeone who helps another person, perhaps someone of a different race or background; from a NT parable about a Samaritan, a traditional enemy of the Hebrews, who stopped to help a Jewish man who had been beaten and left for dead at the side of the road103
3223706437(Hand)writing on the WallWhat the future holds; from the OT story of Daniel, who was able to accurately predict some mysterious writing that appeared on a wall (translated, it predicted the imminent death of the king)104
3223709395IshmaelOne who is cast out as being unworthy; son of Abraham and his handmaiden Hagar, he was cast out into the desert when his wife Sarah had their son Isaac; therefore said to be the ancestor of the nomadic desert tribes of Arabs105
3223712470JacobGrandson of Abraham, son of Isaac and Rebecca, Brother of Esau, and the traditional ancestor of the Israelites. His name was changed to Israel, and his 12 sons became the 12 tribes of Israel.106
3223714160JobHe who suffers a great deal but remains faithful; from an OT character whose faith in God was tested by Satan; after he lost his family and belongings, he remained patient and faithful107
3223716091Job's comforters"Friends" who try to help by bringing blame; ironically, Job's "comforters" didn't comfort at all but were the source of more affliction108
3223717563JonahOne who brings bad luck; an OT prophet who ran from God and sailed to sea. When a storm arose, he admitted that he was the cause, and the sailors threw him overboard, where he was swallowed by a large fish109
3223719208JudasA traitor or a treacherous kiss (a Judas kiss); one of the 12 Apostles, notorious for betraying Jesus; his surname in Latin means "murderer" or "assassin." Judas disclosed Jesus' whereabouts to the chief priests and elders for thirty pieces of silver110
3223721893King Ahab and JezabelAn evil king of Israel and his treacherous and evil wife, synonymous today with evil. Through her marriage to Ahab, Jezabel introduced the worship of Baal, an idol, to Israel, inciting mutual enmity with the prophets. She instigated the murder of Naboth for the possession of a vineyard. Today Jezebel means a brazen or forward woman111
3223724789MannaA sustaining, life-giving source of food; from the sweetish bread-like food that fell from heaven for the Israelites as they crossed the Sinai Desert to the promised land with Moses112
3223728580Original sin/The FallThe idea that all men are innately sinful as a result of Adam and Eve's fall from the state of innocence. When they ate of the forbidden fruit, they were cast out of the Biblical Garden of Eden; a post biblical expression for the doctrine of Adam's transgression and man's consequential inheritance of a sinful nature because he ate the forbidden fruit from the Tree of Knowledge113
3223733509Pearl of Great PriceSomething so precious that one would devote everything to or give up everything for it. In one of Jesus' parables, the kingdom of heaven is compared to a pearl of great price, or value, found by a merchant114
3223735276PhilistineA person indifferent or hostile to the arts and refinement; from sea-going people from Crete who became enemies of the Israelites and fought over their lands115
3223736936Prodigal SonA wasteful son who disappoints his father; from the NT parable of a man with two sons. When he split his estate between the two, the younger son gathered his fortune and left home to live the wild life, while the older son stayed home to work in the fields. When the younger son spent all of the money, he came crawling back to his father, who accepted him, pardoning his error by saying that he was "lost but was found"116
3223741956Ruth and NaomiParagons of love between in-laws; faithful friends. From the OT story of Ruth, who, when her husband died in battle, left her own land to travel with his mother back to her people117
3223743826Samson and DelilahTreacherous love story. Samson, an Israelite hero and legendary warrior with extraordinary physical strength, fell in love with Delilah, a Philistine. When Delilah learned that Samson's hair was the source of his strength, she betrayed him by accepting a Philistine bribe to cut off his hair while he slept. Today the name Delilah is synonymous with a voluptuous, treacherous woman.118
3223748503ScapegoatOne that is made the object of blame for others; the goat was symbolically burdened with the sins of the Jewish people and thrown over a precipice outside of Jerusalem to rid the nation of inequities119
3223750497SepulcherTomb in the OT120
3223750896Sodom and GomorrahAny place associated with wickedness or sin; from the evil cities of the OT that were destroyed by fire121
3223751615SolomonAn extremely wise person; from the son of King David, the Israelite king who wrote proverbs, and was known for wisdom122
3223752743Twelve Tribes of IsraelAccording to the OT, the Hebrew people took possession of the Promised Land of Canaan after the death of Moses and named the tribes after the sones and grandsons of Jacob (whose name was later changed to Israel): Reuben, Simeon, Judah, Issachar, Zebulun, Gad, Asher, Dan, Naphtali, Joseph, Manasseh, and Ephraim123
3223757222AttilaBarbarian, rough leader; King of the Hunds from 433-453 and the most successful of the barbarian invaders of the Roman Empire124
3223758542BerserkDestructively or frenetically violent, mentally or emotionally upset; a warrior clothed in bear skin who worked himself into a frenzy before battle125
3223763378BloomerUndergarments for dance or active wear underwear formally worn by females that was composed of loose trousers gathered at the ankles; invented by Amelia Bloomer (1818-1894), an American social reformer126
3223764895BowdlerizeTo censor, expurgate prudishly, to modify, as by shortening or simplifying or by skewing content; after Thomas Bowdler (1754-1825), who expurgated Shakespeare127
3223767955BoycottTo act together in abstaining from using, buying, or dealing with as a means of expression of protest or disfavor, or as a means of coercion, the act or instance of boycotting; after Charles C boycott (1832-97), of Ireland. Boycott, a former British soldier, refused to charge lower rent and ejected his tenants. Boycott and his family found themselves without servants, farmlands, service in stores, or mail delivery. Boycott's name was quickly adapted as the term for this treatment.128
3223772304CanopyAnd overhanging protection or shelter, to cover our hover above; Middle English word canapé taken from Latin Canapeum or Conopeum, meaning "net curtains"129
3223775201CasanovaA man who is amorously and gallantly attractive to women; a promiscuous man; Giovanni Jacopo Casanova de Seingalt (1725-98), an Italian adventurer who established a legendary reputation as a lover130
3223777470ChauvinistOne who has a militant devotion to and glorification of one's country, fanatical patriotism, prejudiced belief in the superiority of one's own gender, group, or kind; after Nicolas Chauvin, a legendary French soldier devoted to Napoleon131
3223780894DerrickA machine for hoisting and moving heavy objects, consisting of a movable boom equipped with cables and pulleys and connected to the base of an upright stationary beam, a tall framework over a drilled hole, esp. an oil well, used to support boring equipment; named after a London hangman Derick (1600)132
3223783393DonnybrookAny riotous occasion; taken from the Donnybrook Fair, held in Dublin County, Ireland, until 1855, which was famous for rioting and dissipation133
3223784691DungareeA style of casual work pants; from a coarse cotton fabric of East Indian origin; from the Hindu work dungri134
3223786104El DoradoA place of reputed wealth; from the legendary city in South America, sought by early Spanish explorers135
3223787751HackneyTo make something banal or trite by frequent use, a horse for ordinary riding or driving, a horse kept for hire, let out, employed, or done for hire; from Hackney, the most common breed of heavy harness horses in the U.S.136
3223790492Horatio AlgerOne who believes that a person can make it on his own merits; from (1833-99) American writer of inspirational adventure books137
3223793030LaconicUsing or marked by the use of few words, break; Lakonikos, from the reputation of the Spartans for brevity of speech138
3223794455LimerickA humorous or nonsense verse of five lines; from Limerick, a county in the Republic of Ireland where the form is said to have orignated139
3223795496MachiavellianOf or relating to Machiavelli or Machiavellianism, characterized by expedience, deceit and cunning; after Niccolo Machiavelli (1649-1537), a philosopher known for his treaties and political expediency; wrote "The Prince" in 1513140
3223797868MarathonA long distance race; source of the Victory of the Greeks over the Persians in 490 B.C.141
3223798725McCarthyismModern witch hunt, the practice of publicizing accusations of political disloyalty or subversions with insufficient regard to evidence; the use of unfair investigatory or accusatory methods, in order to suppress opposition; after Joseph McCarthy (1908-57), an American politician who as a U.S. Senator from WWI publicly accused many citizens of subversion142
3223802121MeanderTo wander aimlessly; originating from the Meander, a river in Turkey noted for its winding course143
3223802864MesmerizeTo induce the state of being hypnotized; F.A. Mesmer, an Austrian physician who used hypnotism and developed a theory called "animal magnetism"144
3223804430NostradamusFortune teller; (1503-66) a French physician and astrology who wrote a book of rhymed prophecies145
3223805635SardonicBitterly ironic, sarcastic, sneering; from a Sardinian plant said to bring on fits of laughter146
3223806295ShanghaiTo cheat or steal, to make drugs, liquor, etc.; to bring or get by trickery or force; a seaport in East Chine, from Shanghai because sailor for voyages there were often secured by illicit means147
3223808527SpartanFrugal and bare, simple, disciplined and stern and brave; having to do with Sparta, an important city in Greece. The Spartans were known for simplicity of life, courage, severity, and brevity of speech148
3223809807StonewallTo hinder or obstruct by evasive, delaying tactics; in Cricket, trying to go completely defensive, blocking every ball without trying to score; relating to Stonewall Jackson (Thomas J. Jackson), a Confederate General from the remark during the Battle of Bull Run: "Look at Jackson's men; they stand like a stone wall"149
3223815200SwiftianSatirical; from Jonathan Swift's famous satire on politics Gulliver's Travels150
3223816127SybariticLuxurious, voluptuous, a person who cares very much for luxury and pleasure; an inhabitant of Sybars, a town founded by the Greeks in ancient Italy which was known for its luxury151
3223817773ThespianHaving to do with the theater or acting; relating to Thespians, so called form Thespis, an Attic poet of the 6th century BC, reputed to the father of Greek tragedy152
3223820334Uncle SamGovernment of people in the United States; derived from the U.S. of A., a businessman with initials on shipping boxes in 1800s153
3223822403UtopiaAn imaginary and perfect society; British 1610, source Thomas More's novel Utopia154
3223823315WagnerianStyle of music: loud, dramatic, radical; having to do with Wagner, his music, or his musical styles or theories155
3223824239WaterlooA decisive or final setback; Belgium 1816, source of Napoleon's last defeat156

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