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AP Literature and Composition Test Flashcards

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6599145530stylethe voice of the writer0
6599145531typical style descriptorsauthoritative: the voice is commanding and knowing emotive: the voice evokes emotion didactic: the voice is preachy, insistent objective: the voice is uncommitted, without judgement ornate: the voice is perhaps pretentious, flowery, or ostentatious plain: the voice is simple, straightforward, to the point scholarly: the voice is learned and authoritative, erudite scientific: the voice is precise and relies on the language of science1
6599145532six elements of stylediction, imagery, tone, syntax, point of view, and figurative language2
6599145533dictionthe author's choice of words3
6599145534diction: connotationthe emotional sense of a word4
6599145535diction: denotationthe dictionary or precise meaning of a word5
6599145536imagerylanguage that engages the senses and evokes emotion6
6599145537types of imageryvisual imagery: what we can see auditory: what we can hear tactile: what we can touch olfactory: what we can smell gustatory: what we can taste kinesthetic: sense of movement organic: internal sense of being (well of ill)7
6599145538effects of imageryhelps establish tone creates realistic settings creates empathy in readers for characters helps readers imagine themselves as part of a narrative8
6599145539tonethe attitude of the speaker toward another character, a place, an idea, or a thing9
6599145540tone: moodthe emotional quality of the setting10
6599145541syntaxthe order of words in a sentence11
6599145542why syntax matterssentences structure impacts the pace at which the poem reads which in turn affects the theme or idea key ideas become prominent through repetition or parallelism12
6599145543syntax: types of sentences: periodic sentencethe most important idea comes at the end of the sentence13
6599145544syntax: types of sentences: loose sentencethe most important idea is revealed early and the sentence unfolds loosely after that14
6599145545syntax: types of sentences: parallel sentencecontains parts of equal grammatical structure or rhetorical value in a variety of combinations15
6599145546syntax: types of repetition in sentences: anaphorathe repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of a series of phrases or sentences16
6599145547syntax: types of repetition in sentences: epistrophethe repetition of the same word or words at the end of successive phrases or clauses17
6599145548syntax: types of repetition in sentences: polysyndetonthe use of conjunctions between each word, phrase or clause18
6599145549syntax: types of repetition in sentences: asyndetonconjunctions are omitted between words, phrases, or clauses19
6599145550syntax: types of repetition in sentences: chiasmustwo corresponding pairs ordered this way a/b/b/a20
6599145551syntax: grammatical sentence types: simple1 subject, 1 verb, modifiers, complements these sentences are short, direct, and in combination with long sentences can be used for emphasis21
6599145552syntax: grammatical sentence types: compound2 independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction conjunctions: F.A.N.B.O.Y.S. (for, and, not, but, or, yet, so)22
6599145553syntax: grammatical sentence types: complexcontains an independent clause and a dependent subordinate clause23
6599145554syntax: grammatical sentence types: compound-complexcontains two independent clauses and a dependent clause24
6599145555syntax: grammatical sentence purposes: declarative sentencemakes a statement25
6599145556syntax: grammatical sentence purposes: imperative sentencemakes a command26
6599145557syntax: grammatical sentence purposes: interrogative sentenceasks a question27
6599145558syntax: grammatical sentence purposes: exclamatory sentencemakes an emphatic or emotion-filled statement28
6599145559aspects of syntax: climaxthe main idea or most important point in a sentence29
6599145560aspects of syntax: cadencethe rhythm or "music" of a sentence that comes through parallel elements and repetition30
6599145561aspects of syntax: narrative pacethe pace or speed of a passage that comes through the following elements: length of words omission of words of punctuation length of sentences number of dependent/subordinate clauses repetition of sounds31
6599145562the three p's of syntax: prominencethe importance given an idea in a sentence32
6599145563the three p's of syntax: positionwhere the key idea is located33
6599145564the three p's of syntax: pacethe speed of the text34
6599145565point of view: first personthe narrator tells his/her own story using first person pronouns (I, me, we, us) limited by what the narrator can know, see, or understand first person narrators cannot always be trusted to assess the situation honestly, they may be blind to their own faults35
6599145566point of view: second personthe narrator uses second person pronouns (you) to make immediate connection with readers (very rare in fiction)36
6599145567point of view: third-person limiteda third person narrator tells the story from one's character's point of view using third-person pronouns (she, her, he, him, it, they, them); limited by the same constraints as first person37
6599145568point of view: third-person omniscientthis third person narrator is god-like, seeing and knowing all without constraint of time or space, seeing even beyond earthly existence38
6599145569point of view: objectivean objective narrator tells a story like a camcorder would, simply revealing the sights and sounds it perceives (though not, of course, as strictly as that) recognizable by the person's lack of emotion or personal interest in the subject39
6599145570figurative languagelanguage not meant to be taken literally40
6599145571types of figurative language: allegorya type of symbolism, a description or a narrative (poetry or prose) with a secondary, or underlying, meaning41
6599145572types of figurative language: character allegorycharacters represent various ideal qualities42
6599145573types of figurative language: apostrophe(related to personification) addressing something (or someone) non-living or incapable of response as if it could hear and respond, such as "O, howling wind..."43
6599145574types of figurative language: ironya discrepancy between what is perceived and what is real44
6599145575types of figurative language: verbal ironywhen what is said is different from what is meant45
6599145576types of figurative language: dramatic ironywhen the reader knows something a character does not know46
6599145577types of figurative language: situational ironywhen some aspect of the situation seems incongruous to either what seems appropriate or to what is expected47
6599145578types of figurative language: metaphora comparison of two dissimilar things in order to see now in a new way48
6599145579types of figurative language: metonymythe use of a closely related detail for the thing actually meant, like using the white house to refer to the president49
6599145580types of figurative language: overstatement(hyperbole) saying more that the situation warrants50
6599145582types of figurative language: personificationattributing human qualities or characteristics to non living or non human things in order to create empathy51
6599145583types of figurative language: similea comparison using like or as52
6599145584types of figurative language: synecdochethe use of a part for the whole, such as "all hands on deck"53
6599145585types of figurative language: symbola thing, person, or idea that stands for something else54
6599145586types of figurative language: understatementsaying less than the situation warrants55
6599145587style descriptors: stylecandid cynical detached sardonic scornful sinister smug56
6599145588style descriptors: tonecandid (frank) cynical (contempt) detached (separated) laconic (concise) melancholy (gloomy) nostalgic (sentimental) sanctimonious (hypocritical of religion) sardonic (scornful) sinister (evil) speculative (critical) trite (archaeic)57
6599145589style descriptors: attitudearrogant ambivalent (mixed feelings) anxious contemptuous eloquent disdainful fanciful flippant (disrespectful) indifferent pretentious remorseful satirical vindictive (vengeful) whimsical58
6599145590style descriptors: moodapprehensive elegiac (sorrow) quizzical rapturous (ecstatic) reproachful satiric solemn suspenseful59
6599145591key terms: allusiona reference to something in previous literature, history, or culture that adds to or emphasizes the theme of a work60
6599145592key terms: anecdotea clever little story, a short account of an interesting situation61
6599145593key terms: anti heroa protagonist whose attributes are opposite of what is expected of heroes (confused, powerless, victimized, of pathetic)62
6599145594key terms: archetypea symbol that recurs often enough in literature over time to be easily recognizable (water as a purifying element and the sun as knowledge)63
6599145595key terms: atmospherethe emotional quality of the setting64
6599145596key terms: epiphanya moment of insight, spiritual or personal; a character's sudden revelation about life or his or her own circumstances65
6599145597key terms: eulogya speech given at the memorial or funeral service in remembrance of one who has died66
6599145598key terms: extended metaphora detailed or complex metaphor that is evident throughout the work67
6599145599key terms: foila character who posses traits that emphasize the qualities of another character, either by being similar or opposite from that character68
6599145601key terms: invocationa prayer or a statement that calls for help from a god or goddess69
6599145605key terms: motifa recurring element, an image or idea, in a work of literature that emphasizes some aspect of the work70
6599145606key terms: parablea short tale that teaches (usually a moral) through example71
6599145607key terms: paradoxa situation or statement containing contradictory elements which seem plausible or true72
6599145608key terms: parodya work of satire where the author imitates the language and form of another work to ridicule it73
6599145609key terms: soliloquya monologue given by one character on the stage and its no meant to be heard by any of the other characters74
6599145613key terms: verisimilitudethe quality in literature of being true to life; details seem realistic and believable, even if the setting is supernatural75
6599145614key terms: vernacularordinary, every day speech of a region76
6599145615elements of classical tragedy: catharsisa purging of emotion, experienced by audiences especially through the pity they feel when witnessing the tragic hero's fall from grace77
6599145616elements of classical tragedy: chorusa group of characters in a play who comment on, but do not participate in, the action78
6599145617elements of classical tragedy: hamartiaa tragic flaw; an unwitting error in judgement79
6599145618elements of classical tragedy: hubrisexcessive pride80
6599145619elements of classical tragedy: tragedytypically a drama in which a tragic hero experiences a fall from noble stature81
6599145620elements of classical tragedy: tragic heroa person of greater than normal stature who falls from grace due to a tragic flaw or pride82

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