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AP LITERATURE Flashcards

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3580944772Plotthe series of events in a story0
3580944773Expositionthe background information given early in a story1
3580944774Internal Conflicta struggle that occurs within the heart or mind of a character2
3580944775External Conflicta struggle that occurs between a character and an outside force3
3580944776Complicationan additional problem that adds onto the main conflict4
3580944777Rising Actionthe part of the plot when suspense is building5
3580944778Climaxthe turning point in the action; the peak moment of reader interest6
3580944779Falling Actionthe events that take place after the climax7
3580944780Resolutionthe outcome of the conflict8
3580944781Settingthe time and place of a story9
3580944782Suspensethe quality of a literary work that make the reader tense about the outcome10
3580944783Foreshadowinghints or clues as to what will happen later in the story11
3580944784Protagoinstthe character in whom we are most interested12
3580944785Antagonistthe character or force against whom the protagonist is pitted13
3580944786Symbolan object or gesture that represents itself but also something more besides14
3580944787Themea main idea that the author is trying to get across15
3580944788Stylethe way in which a piece of literature is written; the elements that the author chooses; how something is said16
3580944789Tonethe author's attitude about his or her subject17
3580944790Point of Viewthe person or vantage point through which the events of a story seem to be observed or presented to us18
3580944791Situational Ironywhen a situation turns out the opposite of what one expects19
3580944792Verbal Ironywhen the words spoken or read carry the opposite message20
3580944793Dramatic Ironwhen the audience or reader knows something that the character does not21
3580944794Allegorya symblic story with a symbolic plot and symbolic characters22
3580944795Metaphora comparison of two unlike things without using "like" or "as"23
3580944796Genrea major type or kind of literature (i.e. poetry, novel, autobiography, etc.)24
3580944797Colloquialinformal in regard to speech25
3580944798Jargonlanguage tied into a particular job or occupation26
3580944799Juxtaposeto place two things next to each other for purpose of comparison27
3580944800Clichéa worn out expression28
3580944801Pedanticoverly emphasizing rules and education29
3580944802Slave Narrativean account of the experience of the antebellum African-American who had escaped and made his or her way to the North30
3580944803Stock Characterpossesses standard traits, is needed to advance the plot, and experiences minor character development31
3580944804Scapegoatsomeone selected to bear the sins of others (usually sacrificed)32
3580944805Gothic stylea style of fiction characterized by use of medieval settings; a murky atmosphere of horror and gloom; macabre, mysterious, and violent incidents (18th - 19th centuries)33
3580944806Dictionsingle word choice34
3580944807Detailthe phrase choice an author uses to deliver message35
3580944808Leitmotifa series of repeated images that are meant to support theme36
3580944809Novellaa short prose narrative that is longer and more complex than a short story (20,000 to 50,000 words)37
3580944810Character Foila character created for the purpose of contrast with another character, most likely the protagonist38
3580944811Understatementthe presentation of something as less important (urgent, awful, good, etc.) that it really is, an undershooting of the truth; saying less than is meant39
3580944812Stereotypingan unfair generalization about a group of people without taking into account their individual differences40
3580944813Denotationthe basic direct meaning from the dictionary41
3580944814Connotationthe emotional association that travels with a word42
3580945458Epica long narrative poem written in an elevated style with a heroic character whose actions speak for a nation of people; hero has high status, epic has vast setting, hero does courageous superhuman deeds, supernatural forces in the poem43
3580948722Epitheta descriptive nickname for someone or something44
3580949944Kenninga compressed metaphor often substituted for a r noun in Anglo-Saxon poetry; miniature riddles45
3580950608Epic Similea long comparison that usually runs for several lines; like or as not always employed46
3580951963Alliterationthe repetition of initial consonant sounds47
3580952191Assonancethe repetition of vowel sounds48
3580952279Consonancethe repetition of final consonant sounds49
3637845163Wita well-phrased, clever expression or striking observation that is meant to evoke laughter50
3637849004Satirea literary device that combines a critical eye with humor so that some human institution might be inspired to change. Horatian satire, named after Roman Horace, is gentle and smiling. Juvenalian satire, named after Juvenal, is biting and angry.51
3795069657Mockerymaking fun of something52
3795071488Sarcasmharsh, personally directed comment; using praise to mock someone; usually aims to hurt53
3795078645Overstatementsaying more than is meant; exagerration54
3795084844Parodyimitation of a specific known person, literary work, movie, event; often involves mocking55
3795088563Ironysaying one thing and meaning another56
3795095912Bathosgoing from the serious to the ridiculous quickly57
3637857288Exaggerationmaking too much of something and not making enough of something are part of exagerration. A big nose or big ears are examples of physical exaggeration. Exaggerated personality traits can make people laugh.58
3637863275Anticipationlooking forward to a laugh because you can see a situation developing is part of comedy.59
3637869389Ambiguitydouble meaning, puns and word play can also elicit laughter.60
3637871890Farceis a subcategory of low comedy. It is a type of humor based on improbable characters, implausible coincidences and events. Readers should expect to read about clowning, physical indignities and chase scenes.61
3637880727Punsare jokes based on two words with a similar sound OR on a single word with two meanings.62
3696564321Balladsnarrative poems usually about a single incident with themes of love, jealousy, revenge, disaster, and deeds of daring. There is slight attention to characterization, use of refrain, and they're musical in nature and have nonsense words due to oral tradition. They are 4 line stanzas with rhyme pattern (2nd and 4th line)63
3795041234Sentence lengthtelegraphic (shorter than five words), medium (approximately eighteen words in length), and long (thirty or more words)64
3795024499Periodic sentenceorganized into at least two parts and expresses a complex thought not brought to completion until close65
3795021453Cumulative (loose) sentencecontaining two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction or by a semicolon66
3795032139Polysyndetonplacing a conjunction after every term except the last67
3795034503Asyndetonusing no conjunctions and separates terms of the series with commas68
3795016599Syntaxword order; the way sentences are structured69
3795116628Cacophonythe harsh or unpleasant choice and arrangement of sounds; created by b,d,g,k,p, and t70
3795120687Euphonythe pleasant choice and arrangement of sounds; created by l,m,n,r,v,f,w, and y71
3871520358Paradoxa statement that seems to be contradictory or ridiculous but which is actually true72
3871521926Oxymorona linking of two contradictory terms which may seem at first ridiculous, but upon examination contains truth73
3871523132Rhyme Schemethe pattern of rhymes at the end of lines74
3871523605Approximate (or Slant) Rhymeclose rhyme but not perfect75
3992528319Sonnet14 line poem written in iambic pentameter76
3992533796Petrarchan/Italian SonnetABBA ABBA CDECDE/CDCDCD/CDEEDC77
3993561159Shakespearean/English SonnetABAB CDCD EFEF GG78
3993564519OctaveABBA ABBA79
3993566767SestetCDECDE/CDCDCD/CDEEDC80
3993570572QuatrainABAB/CDCD/EFEF81
3993572846CoupletGG82
4239997763Terceta three-line stanza83
3993572847Speakerthe voice that delivers a poem84
3993575113Carpe Diema philosophy that tells us "seize the day"85
4024353169Synecdochea figure of speech in which the name of a part is used to refer to a whole86
4024355359Metonomyusing an object closely associated with the word in mind for the word itself87
4024359103Lyric poema poem in which one speaker expresses their feelings88
4061389972Elegya tribute to something that is gone and missed (can be a sub-type of lyric poem)89
4061394501Pastorala poem that glorifies the country life of the shepherd90
4061397437Metaphysical Poetryappeals primarily to the mind rather than the emotions. In some cases, metaphysical is synonymous with philosophical. it is typically dense with meaning and uses conceit91
4239997764End-stopped Linea poetic device in which a pause comes at the end of synthetic unit. it can be created by a colon, semicolon, or period92
4240010189Enjambentthe continuation of the sense and grammatical construction of one line of poetry onto the next93
4254625243Odea complex lyric poem, written for a specific person that develops one dignified theme; odes often praise people, natural scenes, or abstract ideas94
4254634341Onomatopoeiadefined as a word, which imitates the natural sounds of a thing. it creates a sound effect that mimics the thing described, making the description more expressive and interesting95
4363301071Stream of conciousnessthe literary representation of a character's free-flowing thoughts, feelings, and memories96
4443807755Soliloquyan act of speaking one's thoughts aloud on stage with the idea that no other actors can hear97
4443812884Hendiadysthe expression of a single thought with two nouns (law and order, house and home)98

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