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AP Literature Flashcards

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7277794201ActA major division in a play. Often, individual acts are divided into smaller units ("scenes") that all take place in a specific location0
7277825239Antagonistthe character against whom the protagonist struggles or contends1
7277834016Asidea few words or a short passage spoken by one character to the audience while the other actors on stage pretend their characters cannot hear the speaker's words2
7277841429CatastropheThe "turning downward" of the plot in a classical tragedy. Usually occurs in the fourth act of the play after the climax3
7277850463CatharsisAn emotional discharge that brings about a moral or spiritual renewal or welcome relief from tension and anxiety.4
7277852687CharacterAny representation of an individual being presented in a dramatic or narrative work through extended dramatic or verbal representation5
7277859261Dynamic Characterone whose personality changes or evolves over the course of a narrative or appears to have the capacity for such change6
7277868078Flat Charactera character who serves a specific or minor literary function in a text7
7277870397Static CharacterA static character is a simplified character who does not change or alter his or her personality over the course of a narrative (also called flat)8
7277880898Stock CharacterA character type that appears repeatedly in a particular literary genre, one with certain conventional attributes or attitudes9
7277894088ClimaxThe moment in a play, novel, short story, or narrative poem at which the crisis reaches its point of greatest intensity and is thereafter resolved10
7277898737Comedythe original meaning of the word, comedy referred to a genre of drama during the Dionysia festivals of ancient Athens11
7277911731Comic reliefA humorous scene, incident, character, or bit of dialogue occurring after some serious, tragic, or frightening moment.12
7277915249ConflictThe opposition between two characters (such as a protagonist and an antagonist), between two large groups of people, or between the protagonist and a larger problem such as forces of nature, ideas, public mores, and so on. Conflict may also be completely internal, such as the protagonist struggling with his psychological tendencies13
7277922088Denouementmeaning "unknotting" or "unwinding," denouement refers to the outcome or result of a complex situation or sequence of events, an aftermath or resolution that usually occurs near the final stages of the plot14
7277930829EpilogueA conclusion added to a literary work such as a novel, play, or long poem15
7277932960ExpositionThe use of authorial discussion to explain or summarize background material rather than revealing this information through gradual narrative detail16
7277936006Falling actionthe part of a literary plot that occurs after the climax has been reached and the conflict has been resolved17
7277944162FoilIn fiction, a character who contrasts with another character —usually the protagonist— in order to highlight particular qualities of the other character18
7277950314Heroa person or main character of a literary work who, in the face of danger, combats adversity through impressive feats of ingenuity, bravery or strength, often sacrificing their own personal concerns for a greater good19
7277953744Hubrisis extreme pride and arrogance shown by a character that ultimately brings about his downfall20
7277957245Monologuewhich is the speech or verbal presentation that a single character presents in order to express his/her collection of thoughts and ideas aloud21
7277963089Prologuean opening of a story that establishes the setting and gives background details22
7277968736Protagonistthe central character or leading figure in poetry, narrative, novel or any other story (also called the hero)23
7277973177Rising Actionincludes all decisions, characters' flaws and background circumstances that together create turns and twists leading to a climax.24
7277982833Sceneone of the subdivisions of a play: division of an act presenting continuous action in one place25
7277992618Soliloquyoften used in drama when a character speaks to himself or herself, relating thoughts and feelings, thereby also sharing them with the audience, giving off the illusion of being a series of unspoken reflections.26
7277995752Tragedybranch of drama that treats in a serious and dignified style the sorrowful or terrible events encountered or caused by a heroic individual27
7277999769Tragic flawa trait in a character leading to his downfall and the character is often the hero of the literary piece28
7278003407VillainA versatile genre of poetry consisting of nineteen lines--five tercets and a concluding quatrain29
7279487544Allusiona brief and indirect reference to a person, place, thing or idea of historical, cultural, literary or political significance30
7279491015Apostropheused when a speaker directly addresses someone or something that isn't present in the poem31
7279493250Euphemismpolite, indirect expressions which replace words and phrases considered harsh and impolite or which suggest something unpleasant32
7279497925Metaphora figure of speech that makes an implicit, implied, or hidden comparison between two things that are unrelated, but which share some common characteristics33
7279502740Onomatopoeiaa word, which imitates the natural sounds of a thing. It creates a sound effect that mimics the thing described, making the description more expressive and interesting34
7279505359Personificationa figure of speech in which a thing - an idea or an animal - is given human attributes35
7279507969Similea figure of speech that makes a comparison, showing similarities between two different things36
7279509550SymbolA figure of speech where an object, person, or situation has another meaning other than its literal meaning37
7279512585Synecdochea part of something represents the whole or it may use a whole to represent a part38
7279517883Understatementa figure of speech employed by writers or speakers to intentionally make a situation seem less important than it really is39

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