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AP Literature - General/Novel Literary Terms Flashcards

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10346310378allegoryA story, poem, or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning, typically a moral or political one.0
10346310380allusionA brief and indirect reference to a person, place, thing or idea of historical, cultural, literary or political significance.1
10346310401denouementan outcome or solution; the unraveling of a plot2
10346310403didacticIntended to instruct; teaching, or teaching a moral lesson3
10346310404dirgea funeral hymn or mournful speech4
10346310405euphemismAn indirect, less offensive way of saying something that is considered unpleasant5
10346310408epitaphA brief statement written on a tomb or gravestone6
10346310410epistolaryA piece of literature contained in or carried on by letters7
10346310411flashbackA method of narration in which present action is temporarily interrupted so that the reader can witness past events8
10346310412foreshadowingA narrative device that hints at coming events; often builds suspense or anxiety in the reader.9
10346310416genreA category or type of literature (or of art, music, etc.) characterized by a particular form, style, or content.10
10346310421hyperboleA figure of speech that uses exaggeration to express strong emotion, make a point, or evoke humor11
10346310423imageryDescriptive or figurative language in a literary work; the use of language to create sensory impressions.12
10346310424ironyA contrast or discrepancy between what is stated and what is really meant, or between what is expected to happen and what actually does happen.13
10346310425verbal ironyIn this type of irony, the words literally state the opposite of the writer's true meaning14
10346310426situational ironyOccurs when the outcome of a work is unexpected, or events turn out to be the opposite from what one had expected15
10346310427dramatic ironyIrony that occurs when the meaning of the situation is understood by the audience but not by the characters in the play.16
10346310428jargonSpecial words or expressions that are used by a particular profession or group and are difficult for others to understand17
10346310434moodFeeling or atmosphere that a writer creates for the reader18
10346310436motivationA psychological factor that provides a directional force or reason for behavior.19
10346310437narrationThe purpose of this type of rhetorical mode is to tell the story or narrate an event or series of events.20
10346310438novelA long fictional narrative written in prose, usually having many characters and a strong plot.21
10346310439novellaA short novel usually under 100 pages.22
10346310440noveletteWhen a novel is short and has chapters reffered to as vignettes23
10346310446parableA simple story used to illustrate a moral or spiritual lesson24
10346310447paradoxA statement or proposition that seems self-contradictory or absurd but in reality expresses a possible truth.25
10346310449parodyA work that closely imitates the style or content of another with the specific aim of comic effect and/or ridicule.26
10346310450pedanticAn adjective that describes words, phrases, or general tone that is overly scholarly, academic, or bookish.27
10346310452personaA pattern of relatively permanent traits, dispositions, or characteristics that give some consistency to people's behavior.28
10346310453personificationA figure of speech in which an object or animal is given human feelings, thoughts, or attitudes29
10346310454plotSequence of events in a story30
10346310455point of viewThe perspective from which a story is told31
10346310458protagonistChief character in a dramatic or narrative work, usually trying to accomplish some objective or working toward some goal.32
10346310459punA joke exploiting the different possible meanings of a word or the fact that there are words that sound alike but have different meanings.33
10346310462rhetorical questionA question asked merely for rhetorical effect and not requiring an answer34
10346310469satireA literary work that criticizes human misconduct and ridicules vices, stupidities, and follies.35
10346310471shifts/turnsChanges in the speaker's attitude. Look for key words such as but, yet, however, and although, punctuation, and stanza division.36
10346310473symbolA thing that represents or stands for something else, especially a material object representing something abstract.37
10346310475syntaxArrangement of words in phrases and sentences38
10346310476themeA topic of discussion or writing; a major idea broad enough to cover the entire scope of a literary work.39
10346310477toneA writer's attitude toward his or her subject matter revealed through diction, figurative language, and organization on the sentence and global levels.40
10346310478understatementthe presentation of something as being smaller, worse, or less important than it actually is.41
10349781985frame storya literary technique that sometimes serves as a companion piece to a story within a story42
10349785636settingThe context in time and place in which the action of a story occurs.43
10349787524historical contextthe historical period that shapes a work of literature and allows the reader to understand important issues in a given time period44
10349788057historical fictionA type of realistic fiction that takes place in a particular time period in the past. Often the setting is real, but the characters are made up from the author's imagination.45
10349789802SubtextThe implied meaning that underlies the main meaning of a work of literature46
10349791988anthropomorphicattributing human characteristics or qualities to objects, animals, or gods47
10349792541pathetic fallacyThe attribution of human emotions or characteristics to inanimate objects or to nature; for example angry clouds; a cruel wind.48
10349793376fallacya mistaken belief, especially one based on unsound argument49
10349794015logical fallacyAn error in reasoning that renders an argument invalid50
10349795262SymbolismA person, place or object which has a meaning in itself but suggests other meanings as well "All the world's a stage, And all the men and women merely players; they have their exits and their entrances; And one man in his time plays many parts,"51
10349797729analysisA detailed examination of the elements or structure of something.52
10349799320explication of textExplanation of a text's meaning through an analysis of its constituent parts, including the literary devices used; also called close reading53
10349799907inferenceA conclusion one can draw from the presented details.54
10349801295literary present tenseBy convention, the present tense is used when writing about imaginative literature, except when discussing antecedent action.55
10349803067non sequiturA statement that does not follow logically from evidence56
10349803526paraphraseexpress the meaning of (the writer or speaker or something written or spoken) using different words, especially to achieve greater clarity.57
10349804647summarizegive a brief statement of the main points of (something).58
10349807066ThesisFocus statement of an essay; premise statement upon which the point of view or discussion in the essay is based.59
10349808847motifa distinctive feature or dominant idea in an artistic or literary composition60
10349816727tragedyA serious form of drama dealing with the downfall of a heroic or noble character61
10349818119antecedent actionEvents that preceded the starting point of the piece of literature.62
10349818798Rising Action/Complicationsthe series of struggles that builds a story or play toward a climax63
10349819702conflictA struggle between opposing forces64
10349820101Climaxthe most intense, exciting, or important point of something; a culmination or apex; usually the turning point65
10349821715digressiona temporary departure from the main subject in speech or writing66
10349824066Exposition/Introductionthe beginning of the story where the characters and the setting are revealed67
10349825019falling action/resolutionconflict ends and loose ends are tied up68
10349826037Initial Incidentthe critical event that gets the story going69
10349827808Red HerringA fallacy that introduces an irrelevant issue to divert attention from the subject under discussion "Grading this exam on a curve would be the most fair thing to do. After all, classes go more smoothly when the students and the professor are getting along well."70
10349831016SubplotA subordinate or minor collection of events in a novel or play, usually connected to the main plot71
10349832519anecdotea short and amusing or interesting story about a real incident or person72
10349833604Non-chronologicalTexts written without reference to a time order.73
10349836006in media res (in the middle of things)the technique of beginning a story in the middle of the action74
10349836797Parallel plot structureA structure in which two stories of equal importance are told simultaneously, and the story moves back and forth between the two plots75
10349837679circular plot structureelements of the plot are repeating. Details of the story and the plot are repeated in the beginning and the end so that the story actually appears to come full circle around and back to the beginning76
10349839400anticlimaxa disappointing end to an exciting or impressive series of events77
10349842000Bildingsromana novel dealing with one person's formative years or spiritual education.78
10349847551EpistolaryA piece of literature contained in or carried on by letters79
10349849425Gothic novelan English genre of fiction popular in the 18th to early 19th centuries, characterized by an atmosphere of mystery and horror and having a pseudomedieval setting.80
10349850922memiorA type of TRUE nonfiction story that presents PART of the writer's life and is written from the first-person point of view.81
10349851525picaresqueof or relating to an episodic style of fiction dealing with the adventures of a rough and dishonest but appealing hero Origin early 19th century: from French, from Spanish picaresco . See picaro.82
10349854794regional novelrepresents accurately the habits, speech, and folklore of a particular geographical section83
10349855819sociological novelwork of fiction in which a prevailing social problem, such as gender, race, or class prejudice, is dramatized through its effect on the characters of a novel84
10349857098romantic novelFeatures larger-than-life heroes who live idealistic lives.85
10349879533dialectA regional variety of a language distinguished by vocabulary, spelling, and pronunciation.86
10349880323DialogueConversation between two or more characters87
10349883739authorial voiceThe voices or speakers used by authors when they seemingly speak for themselves in a book.88
10349905552Socratic Ironythe device of pretending to be ignorant and asking questions in order to trap the opponent into obvious error89

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