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AP Literature Greek/Roman Allusions Flashcards

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7220619810AdonisBoth Aphrodite and Persephone the goddesses of fertility and death, love Adonis. He's killed by a wild boar and the goddesses plead Zeus to bring him back. Zeus settles the dispute between the two goddesses by bringing him back but commanding him to spend 6 months in the underworld and 6 months above ground.0
7220640664PerseusPerseus was the son of Zeus. Known for slaying the Gorgon Medusa and rescuing the Ethiopian princess Andromeda. Challenged by the Titan Atlas, Perseus turned him to stone with the head of Medusa.1
7220643897Cupid and PsychePsyche is a beautiful princess. Venus gets jealous and instructs Cupid to make Psyche fall in love with a monster. Instead, Cupid falls in love with her and becomes her unseen husband. However, Psyche loses Cupid when she catches a glimpse of him and goes through Venus's harsh trials to get him back. Eventually they are reunited.2
7220647268Orpheus and EurydiceEurydice is bitten by a snake and dies. Orpheus, a talented musician, goes to the underworld to get her back. He convinces Hades and Persephone to let her return, but only if she walks behind him on the way back and he cannot look at her, instead guiding her with his music. When they reach the entrance to the underworld, Orpheus is overcome with passion and looks back, sending Eurydice back to the Underworld.3
7220651747Arachne and MinervaMinerva hears of Arachne being a better weaver than her. Arachne challenged Minerva and the goddess disguises herself to try and get Arachne to take back the challenge. Arachne refuses and Minerva accepts the challenge. When they finish, Minvera realizes Arachne is better than her, beating her with the loom to the point where Arachne kills herself. Feeling pitty for the mortal, Minerva brings her back as a spider.4
7220656768SisyphusSisyphus was an evil man who was to be punished for his crimes. Zeus and Thanatos chain Sisyphus down in Tartarus where he outsmarts Thanatos and escapes, leaving the God chained instead. Sisyphus is eventually returned to the underworld where Zeus has Hermes punish him by having him push a boulder up a hill for all eternity.5
7220660160Dido and AeneasDido, the Trojan refugee prince, Aeneas, and his crew get shipwrecked in Carthage. Aeneas and the queen fall in love while Witches plot Dido's destruction. A which impersonated Mercury, who tells Aeneas he must leave Dido, forcing him to choose between passion and duty. He eventually leaves and Dido is heartbroken.6
7220663952Paris and the Golden AppleEris, Goddess of Strife, isn't invited to a wedding, she tosses a Golden Apple labeled "to the fairest" into the crowd. Hera, Athena, and Aphrodite fight over the apple and ask Paris to decide. Aphrodite promises him Helen of Sparta and Paris chooses Aphrodite. Unfortunately, when Paris claims his prize, he unknowingly causes the Trojan War when Helen dissapears.7
7220666885Demeter and PersephoneZeus gives Persephone to Hades as a wife, not telling Demeter. One day, Persephone is kidnapped and dragged to the Underworld by Hades. Demeter finds out this was Zeus's doing, refusing to let anything grow. Persephone is tricked into staying in the Underworld. A compromise is made where Persephone spends half the year in the overworld and half the year in the Underworld.8
7220675398Daedalus and IcarusDaedalus is a genius inventor who angered King Minos of Crete and must flee. He builds of pair of wax wings for himself and his son, Icarus. He warns Icarus not to fly too close to the sea, to get the wings wet, and not too high, to melt the wings. Icarus has too much fun and flies too close to the sun, melting the wings and falling into the ocean.9
7220679139Prometheus and IoPrometheus is given the task of creating humans. He gives humans the gift of fire and Zeus punishes him for it, chaining him to a rock and having him pecked by eagles for eternity. A cow with the voice of a girl, Io, appears. Prometheus reveals to her that if she reaches the River Nile, Zeus will restore her human body and give her a son, who would later be an ancestor of Heracles.10
7220681972MidasMidas helps a follower of Dionysus, Silenus, by hosting him a ten day feast. Dionysus grants Midas a single wish for helping and Midas asks for everything he touches to turn to gold. After turning his food into gold, he regrets his decision and asks the god to reverse the wish. Dionysus tells him to wash in the River Pactolus where the gold touch is washed away.11
7220685109Echo and NarcissusEcho falls in love with Narcissus, who doesn't see her. She keeps following him until her body withers away and all that is left is her voice. Meanwhile, Narcissus stops by to drink from a pond when he sees his reflection and falls in love with himself. He eventually starves to death staring at his reflection.12
7220687562Pygmalion and GalateaPygmalion was a talented sculptor from Cyrus who, after being disgusted by local prostitutes, loses all interest in women. He saw women as flawed creatures and dedicates his time to work on his masterpiece. He creates Galatea, a beautiful woman. Aphrodite sees this and brings Galatea to life. She later unites the two in marriage.13
7220690666TheseusTheseus is sent to Crete as a victim of the Minotaur. Ariadne, Mino's daughter, falls in love with Theseus and helps him find his way through the Labyrinth by giving him some string. Theseus finds the Minotaur and kills it. They return to Athens, but Ariadne dies on the trip and Theseus must return alone. When he goes home he forgets to change his sail colors to white. So when his father saw a black ship he assumed Theseus died and threw himself off a cliff. So Theseus became king.14
7220692148Hercules (Heracles)Hercules was the strongest man to ever live. A demigod, son of Zeus, he marries Princess Megara and has three children. Hera, jealous of Zeus, sends Hercules into insanity. He then proceeds to kill his three boys and almost kills himself. Theseus persuades him to keep living. He visits the Oracle at Delphi who sends him to go to Eurysthesis who gives him twelve impossible challenges, all of which he conquers.15
7220695518Agamemnon, Orestes, and ElectraAgamemnon's wife, Clytemnestra, has an affair and plotted to kill Agamemnon and his son Orestes. Electra, Orestes's sister, finds out and informs her brother. Orestes considers killing his own mother and avenging his father. He ends up killing Clytemnestra and Aegisthus and was followed by the Furies, goddesses of vengeance. Orestes tries to fix everything by going to Greece and getting acquitted for his crimes.16
7220704958Bacchus (Dionysus)Bacchus, son of Jupiter and Semele, was tutored by Silenus, lover of wine and often had to carried by a donkey. Before taking his place on Olympus, Bacchus wandered the world for many years, going as far as India to teach people how to grow wines.17
7220701797MedeaMedea was an enchantress who helped Jason, leader of the Argonauts, to obtain the Golden Fleece from her father, King Aeetes of Colonis. She was of divine descent and had the gift of Prophecy. She married Jason and used her magic powers and advice to help him.18
7220707002Hero and LeanderHero and Leander are in love. Every night, Hero lights up her tower so Leander can see and swim across the Hellespont. One night, during a storm, the light is blown out and the waves grow in size. Hero later finds Leander's dead body on the beach. Overcome with sadness, she tosses herself from the tower to be with her lover in death.19

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