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AP Literature Literary and Rhetorical Terms Flashcards

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9843631083allegoryA story in which the narrative or characters carry an underlying symbolic, metaphorical, or possibly an ethical meaning0
9843637673alliterationThe repetition of one or more initial consonants in a group of words or lines of poetry or prose. Writers uses this for ornament or for emphasis; usually enhances the aesthetic quality of a prose passage or poem1
9843650759allusiona reference to a person, place, or event meant to create an effect of enhance the meaning of an idea2
9843656168ambiguitya vagueness of meaning; a conscious lack of clarity meant to evoke multiple meanings and interpretation3
9888763007anachronismAssignment of something to a time when it was not in existence4
9843661983analogya comparison that points out similarities between two dissimilar things5
9888797068anaphoraRepetition of a word, phrase, or clause at the beginning of two or more sentences in a row6
9889068537anastrophe/inversionnormal order of words is reversed; e.g. What a beautiful picture it is!7
9843665616antithesisa rhetorical opposition or contrast of ideas by means of a grammatical arrangement of words, clauses, or sentences, (ex. "They promised freedom but provided slavery")8
9843677784apostrophea rhetorical device in which a speaker addresses a person or personified thing not present (ex. "Oh, you cruel streets of Manhattan, how I detest you!")9
9843686142archetypean abstract or ideal conception of a type; a perfectly typical example; an original model or form10
9888820293asideA dramatic convention by which an actor directly addresses the audience but it is not supposed to be heard by the other actors on the stage11
9843691244assonancethe repetition of two or more vowel sounds in a group of words or lines in poetry and prose (ex. "Meet Pete Green; he's as mad as a hatter.")12
9888831134asyndetonA series of words separated by commas (with no conjunction), e.g. "I came, I saw, I conquered."13
9843707299ballada simple narrative verse that tells a story that is sung or recited14
9843710925bathosthe use of insincere or overdone sentimentality15
9843713596blank versepoetry written in iambic pentameter, the primary meter used in English poetry and the words of Shakespeare and Milton. It is "blank" because the lines generally do not rhyme.16
9843718762bombastinflated, pretentious language used for trivial subjects17
9843720747cacophonygrating, inharmonious sounds18
9843723066caesuraa pause somewhere in the middle of a verse, often (but not always) marked by punctuation19
9843727683catharsisa cleansing of the spirit brought about by the pity and terror of a dramatic tragedy20
9888884993chiasmusArrangement of repeated thoughts in the pattern of X Y Y X; e.g., "ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country."21
9843735473climaxthe high point, or turning point, of a story or play22
9843737533conceita witty of ingenious thought; a diverting or highly fanciful idea, often stated in figurative language; unusual or surprising comparison between two very different things23
9843742838connotationthe suggested or implied meaning of a word or phrase.24
9843745108consonancethe repetition of two or more consonant sounds in a group of words or a line of poetry25
9843748095coupleta pair of rhyming lines in a poem26
9843750710denotationthe dictionary definition of a word27
9843751970denouementthe resolution that occurs at the end of a play of work of fiction28
9843757243dictionthe choice of word in speech and writing; serves to create meaning, portray characters, convey tone, develop themes, and much more29
9888922884didacticA term used to describe a work that teaches a specific lesson or moral or provides a model or correct behavior or thinking.30
9843760967dramatic ironya circumstance in which the audience or reader knows more about a situation than a character31
9859921490dramatic monologuea poem consisting of the words of a single person speaking to a listener who does not respond in words by may nevertheless influence the speaker32
9843763252elegya poem or prose selection that laments or mediates on the passing or death of something or someone of value33
9888958465ellipticalused in narratives to omit some parts of a sentence or event34
9843768702empathya feeling of association of identification with an object or person35
9843770092enjambmentin poetry, the use of successive lines with no punctuation or pause between them36
9843774097epican extended narrative poem that tells of the adventures and exploits of a hero that is generally larger than life and is often considered a legendary figure such as Odysseus37
9843781701epigrama concise but ingenious, witty, and thoughtful statement38
9888975959epigraphA quotation or aphorism at the beginning of a literary work suggestive of a theme39
9888990699epitheta term used to characterize a person or thing,40
9843786656eponymousa term for the title character of a work of literature (ex. Hamlet, Beloved)41
9843788599euphemisma mild or less negative usage for a harsh or blunt term (ex. pass away)42
9843791205expositionthe background and events that lead to the presentation of the main idea or purpose of a work of literature43
9843800194fablea short tale often featuring nonhuman characters that act as people whose actions enable the author to make observations or draw useful lessons about human behavior44
9843804872fantasya story containing unreal, imaginary features45
9843809356flashbacka return to an earlier time in a story or play in order to clarify present action or circumstances46
9843813189foila minor character whose personality or attitude contrasts with that of the main character. Juxtaposing one character against another intensifies the qualities of both, to advantage or sometimes disadvantage47
9843822102foreshadowingproviding hints of things to come in a story or play48
9843823733free versea kind of poetry without rhymed lines, rhythm, or fixed metrical feet49
9843828112hyperboleoverstatement, gross exaggeration for rhetorical effect50
9889006577hubrisoverwhelming pride or insolence that results in the misfortune of the protagonist of a tragedy; tragic flaw51
9843829829imagea word or phrase representing that which can be seen, touched, tasted, smelled, or felt52
9843831964in medias resa latin term for a narrative that starts not at the beginning of events but at some other critical point53
9843834171indirect quotationa rendering of a quotation in which actual words are not stated but only approximated or paraphrased54
9843841190ironya mode of expression in which the intended meaning is the opposite of what is stated, often implying ridicule or light sarcasm; a state of affairs or events that is the reverse of might have been expected55
9843846409litotesa form of understatement in which the negative of the contrary is used to achieve emphasis or intensity (ex. He is not a bad dancer)56
9843849957loose sentencea sentence that follows the customary word order of english sentences. i.e., subject-verb-object. The main idea of the sentence is presented first and is then followed by one or more subordinate clauses57
9843863757lyric poetrypersonal, reflective poetry that reveals the speaker's thoughts and feelings about the subject58
9843865974melodramaa literary form in which events are exaggerated in order to create an extreme emotional response.59
9843869240metaphora figure of speech that compares unlike objects60
9843872574meterthe pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables found in poetry61
9887216609metonymya figure of speech that substitutes a word or phrase that relates to a thing for the thing itself (ex. crown instead of king)62
9843878636morala brief and often simplistic lesson that a reader may infer from a work of literature63
9843881156mythan imaginary story that has become accepted part of cultural or religious tradition of a group or society64
9843885113odea lyric poem usually marked by serious, respectful, and exalted feelings toward the subject65
9843887584onomatopoeiathe use of words whose sounds suggest their meaning (ex. bubbling, mumuring)66
9843891822oxymorona term consisting of contradictory elements juxtaposed to create a paradoxical effect67
9843896551paradoxa statement that seems self-contradictory but is nevertheless true68
9843899436pathetic fallacyfaulty reasoning that inappropriately ascribes human feelings to nature or nonhuman objects; gives human *emotions* to inanimate objects of nature; e.g. "The somber clouds darkened our mood"69
9843902755pathosthat element in literature that stimulates pity or sorrow70
9889142373polysyndeton/syndetonuse of several conjunctions in close succession, especially where some could otherwise be omitted, as in: "He ran and jumped and laughed for joy."71
9859979926pulp fictionnovels written for mass consumption, often emphasizing exciting and titillating plots.72
9859971073satirea literary style used to poke fun at, attack, or ridicule an idea, vice, or foible, often for the purpose of inducing change73
9843904800puna humorous play on words, using similar-sounding or identical words to suggest different meanings74
9889157018soliloquyWhen a character in a play speaks his thoughts aloud —usually by him or herself75
9859957859sonneta popular form of verse consisting of fourteen lines and a prescribed rhyme scheme; Shakespeare wrote what had become known as the Elizabeth ___. Other poets follow a form call the Italian ___76
9843912331synecdochea part signifies the whole or the whole signifies a part77
9859938136villanellea French verse form calculated to appear simple and spontaneous but consisting of nineteen lines and a prescribed pattern of rhymes78

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