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AP Literature: literary terms Flashcards

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4763652651Allegorya story, poem, or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning, typically a moral or political one Ex:The Girl that had clear blue eyes was interpreted as pure of heart.0
4763653741Alliterationhe occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words. Ex: Some Snug Slug1
4763653742Allusionis a brief and indirect reference to a person, place, thing or idea of historical, cultural, literary or political significance. It does not describe in detail the person or thing to which it refers. Ex:"This place is like a Garden of Eden."2
4763655338Antagonistan antagonist is a character or a group of characters which stand in opposition to the protagonist or the main character. Ex: Antagonist in hunger games is president snow3
4763656731Apostropheis a rhetorical device used by playwrights and authors whenever their characters address a character that isn't present in the scene. Ex: oh romeo! wherefore art thou romeo!4
4763657027Assonancetakes place when two or more words close to one another repeat the same vowel sound but start with different consonant sounds Ex:mEn sEll the wEdding bElls5
4763657265Blank VerseBlank verse is a literary device defined as un-rhyming verse written in iambic pentameter.6
4763658295Cacophonythe term refers to the use of words with sharp, harsh, hissing and unmelodious sounds primarily those of consonants to achieve desired results. Ex:Pow!!!!7
4763658950Caesuraa rhythmical pause in a poetic line or a sentence Ex: the man laughed but soon the joke grew old8
4763660399Characterizationcharacterization is the process by which the writer reveals the personality of a character. Characterization is revealed through direct characterization and indirect characterization. Direct Characterization tells the audience what the personality of the character is. Ex:In the hunger games prim is shown as delicate yet strong.9
4763660400Climaxthe most intense, exciting, or important point of something; a culmination or apex Ex: a climax can be a fight in which a character may die10
4763661684Commercial FictionCommercial fiction is sometimes called genre fiction because books of this type often fall into categories, such as western, gothic, romance, historical, mystery and horror. Ex: goose bumps11
4763661685ConflictIn literature, the literary element conflict is an inherent incompatibility between the objectives of two or more characters or forces. Conflict creates tension and interest in a story by adding doubt as to the outcome. A narrative is not limited to a single conflict. Ex: In the great Gatsby there are problems in valley of the ashes and in west egg12
4763662613ConsonanceConsonance refers to repetitive sounds produced by consonants within a sentence or phrase. This repetition often takes place in quick succession such as in pitter, patter. It is classified as a literary term used in both poetry as well as prose. Ex.pitter patter13
4763663063ConnotationConnotation refers to a meaning that is implied by a word apart from the thing which it describes explicitly. Words carry cultural and emotional associations or meanings in addition to their literal meanings or denotations. Ex:bobby was blue after his dog passed away14
4763677604CoupletA couplet is a literary device which can be defined as having two successive rhyming lines in a verse and has the same meter to form a complete thought. It is marked by a usual rhythm, rhyme scheme and incorporation of specific utterances. Ex:I sat with a fat cat on my lap as i got up the fat cat sat on the floor.15
4763681949DenotationThe literal or primary meaning of a word, in contrast to the feelings or ideas that the word suggests. Ex: the boy wore a blue shirt16
4763682458Dues Ex Machinaan unexpected power or event saving a seemingly hopeless situation, especially as a contrived plot device in a play or novel. Ex: when aurther can pull out the sword out of the rock17
4763682859Didactic PoetryA didactic poem is directly and unapologetically instructional or informational: it teaches or explains something, such as a truth or moral. The English word "didactic" derives from the Greek didaktikos ("able to teach"). Ex: Chicken Soup For The Soul18
4763685241DilemmaDilemma is a Greek word, which means double proposition, or perplexing situation, which presents two different possibilities, and both of them seem practically acceptable. Ex: tortoise and the hare19
4763697712Direct PresentationIn direct presentation, a character is described by the author, the narrator or the other characters. Ex: usually happens with the main character20
4763699604Dramatic Ironya literary technique, originally used in Greek tragedy, by which the full significance of a character's words or actions are clear to the audience or reader although unknown to the character. Ex: A man about to die but does not know it only the audience since we can see the killer.21
4763700765Dramatizationthe act of dramatizing. Ex: Exaggeration of a little paper cut22
4763701880Dynamic Or Developing CharactersDynamic or developing characters A static character, in this vocabulary, is one that does not undergo important change in the course of the story, remaining essentially the same at the end as he or she was at the beginning. A dynamic character, in contrast, is one that does undergo an important change in the course of the story. scrooge changes at the end of a Christmas carol23
4763716917Shakespearean SonnetShakespeare's Sonnets is the title of a collection of 154 sonnets by William Shakespeare, which covers themes such as the passage of time, love, beauty and mortality. The first 126 sonnets are addressed to a young man; the last 28 to a woman.24
4763717222EpiphanyAn epiphany is an experience of sudden and striking realization. Generally the term is used to describe scientific breakthrough, religious or philosophical discoveries, but it can apply in any situation Ex:realizing someone is pregnant25
4763717422Euphonythe quality of being pleasing to the ear, especially through a harmonious combination of words. Ex: Music26
4763718206Falling Actionthe part of a literary plot that occurs after the climax has been reached and the conflict has been resolved. Compare rising action. Ex: Going to celebrate after good news27
4763774764FantasyFantasy literature is the body of written works that employ the motifs, themes, and stylistic approaches expected in the fantasy genre. Historically, most works of fantasy were written pieces of literature.28
4763775250Figurative LanguageFigurative language is using figures of speech to be more effective, persuasive and impactful. Figures of speech such as metaphors, similes, allusions go beyond the literal meanings of the words to give the readers new insights Ex: The boy was as fat as a cow29
4763776869First Person Point Of ViewFirst person narrative is a point of view (who is telling a story) where the story is narrated by one character at a time. This character may be speaking about him or herself or sharing events that he or she is experiencing.30
4763777739Flat CharactersFlat characters: flat characters are two-dimensional in that they are relatively uncomplicated and do not change throughout the course of a work. By contrast, round characters are complex and undergo development, sometimes sufficiently to surprise the reader. Ex:The flat characters are seen on the first page of the book as an illustration of their physical appearance.31
4763778407Free Versepoetry that does not rhyme or have a regular meter.32
4763778547ImageryImagery means to use figurative language to represent objects, actions and ideas in such a way that it appeals to our physical senses. Usually it is thought that imagery makes use of particular words that create visual representation of ideas in our minds. The word imagery is associated with mental pictures. Ex: The sun kissed the floor as it slowly faded away33
4763779073Indirect PresentationIndirect presentation is a writing technique related to characterization. Through indirect presentation, the reader learns about the character's personality through his thoughts, words and actions, and through the way other characters react to him. Ex: the boy is known to be antisocial due too his actions34
4763779370IronyThe expression of one's meaning by using language that normally signifies the opposite, typically for humorous or emphatic effect. Ex: "oh sure let him wack him self silly with a bat" said Ashley "Really"? replied Alex NO! Said Ashley35
4763791565Literary FictionLiterary fiction comprises fictional works that hold literary merit; that is, they involve social commentary, or political criticism, or focus on the human condition. Ex:The hunger games36
4763791749Metaphora figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to an object or action to which it is not literally applicable. Ex: He is such a dog37
4763792011Metera rhythm of accented and unaccented syllables which are organized into patterns, called feet. In English poetry, the most common meters are these: Iambic: a foot consisting of an unaccented and accented syllable. Ex:unstressed and stressed38
4763792385Metonymyis metaphor in which an object is used to describe something that's closely related to it. Ex: president can be called the man39
4763792684MysteryThe mystery genre is a type of fiction in which a detective, or other professional, solves a crime or series of crimes. It can take the form of a novel or short story. This genre may also be called detective or crime novels Ex: crime plot40
4763793448Objective Point Of Viewthe writer tells what happens without stating more than can be inferred from the story's action and dialogue. The narrator never discloses anything about what the characters think or feel, remaining a detached observer. Ex:The man was convicted of many crimes and put in a cell for many years.41
4763793640OctaveAn octave is a verse form consisting of eight lines of iambic pentameter (in English) or of hendecasyllables (in Italian). The most common rhyme scheme for an octave is abba abba. An octave is the first part of a Petrarchan sonnet, which ends with a contrasting sestet.42
4763794597Omniscient Point Of Viewa literary technique of writing narrative in third person in which a narrator knows the feelings and thoughts of every character in the story.43
4763795255Onomatopoeiaa word which imitates the natural sounds of a thing. It creates a sound effect that mimics the thing described, making the description more expressive and interesting. Ex: sssssssssssss44
4763795610Overstatementis an act of stating something more than it actually is in order to make the point more serious or important or beautiful. In literature, writers use it as a literary technique for the sake of humor, and for laying emphasis on a certain point. Ex:The man had a paper cut and he bleed out45
4763798241ParadoxThe term Paradox is from the Greek word "paradoxon" that means contrary to expectations, existing belief or perceived opinion. It is a statement that appears to be self-contradictory or silly but may include a latent truth. Ex: Seeing a duplicate of yourself46
4763798445PersonificationGiving something human like quality Ex: the flower danced in the rain47
4763800035Petrarchan Sonnetconsisting of an octave with the rhyme scheme abbaabba and of a sestet with one of several rhyme schemes, as cdecde or cdcdcd. Expand. Also called Italian sonnet.48
4763800463Plotthe main events of a play, novel, movie, or similar work, devised and presented by the writer as an interrelated sequence. Ex: The story took place in a dark room where everything that happened in there was chaotic49
4763801129Poetryliterary work in which special intensity is given to the expression of feelings and ideas by the use of distinctive style and rhythm; poems collectively or as a genre of literature. Ex: where writers express their emotion50
4763801431Point Of Viewliterary work in which special intensity is given to the expression of feelings and ideas by the use of distinctive style and rhythm; poems collectively or as a genre of literature. Ex:people can have different perspectives about thing and see thing differently due to the POV.51
4763801726Protagonistis the central character or leading figure in poetry, narrative, novel or any other story. A protagonist is sometimes called a "hero" by the audience or readers. The word originally came from the Greek language and in Greek drama which refers to the person who led the chorus. Ex: spider man52
4763801933Quatrainis a verse with four lines, or even a full poem containing four lines, having an independent and separate theme. Often one line consists of alternating rhyme.53
4763803800Rhetorical Poetryhetoric is a technique of using language effectively and persuasively in spoken or written form. It is an art of discourse, which studies and employs various methods to convince, influence or please an audience. Ex: Used to convey something to an audience54
4763803938Rhymecorrespondence of sound between words or the endings of words, especially when these are used at the ends of lines of poetry. Ex: Roses are red violets are blue55
4763810410Rhythmstrong, regular, repeated pattern of movement or sound. Ex: Music56
4763806886Rising Actionin a plot is a series of relevant incidents that create suspense, interest and tension in a narrative. In literary works, a rising action includes all decisions, characters' flaws and background circumstances that together create turns and twists leading to a climax.57
4763806980Round CharactersA round character is a major character in a work of fiction who encounters conflict and is changed by it.Round characters tend to be more fully developed and described than flat, or static, characters. Ex: gru from despicable me is very complex.58
4763807446Sarcasmthe use of irony to mock or convey contempt. Ex: Teenagers use alot of sarcasm59
4763807447SatireSatire is a technique employed by writers to expose and criticize foolishness and corruption of an individual or a society by using humor, irony, exaggeration or ridicule. It intends to improve humanity by criticizing its follies and foibles. Ex: the onion60
4763807915Sestetthe last six lines of a sonnet.61
4763808162Short Storyan invented prose narrative shorter than a novel usually dealing with a few characters and aiming at unity of effect and often concentrating on the creation of mood rather than plot.62
4763808421Simileis a figure of speech that makes a comparison, showing similarities between two different things using the words "like" or "as". Ex: he is as lazy as a rock63
4763810659Situational Ironyoccurs when there is an incongruity between what is expected to happen and what actually happens. Authors use this device to create a more relatable situation or character within literature. It can also be used to change the tone or mood of a written work. Ex: some one is very sick and expected to die however survives64
4763810660Sonnetis derived from the Italian word "sonetto". It means a small or little song or lyric. In poetry, a sonnet has 14 fourteen lines and is written in iambic pentameter. Each line has 10 syllables. It has a specific rhyme scheme and a "volta" or a specific turn.65
4763811720Static CharactersA static character is one that does not undergo inner changes or undergoes a little change. Ex: The narrow minded man does not change his mind66
4763812226Stock Charactersis a stereotypical person whom audiences readily recognize from frequent recurrences in a particular literary tradition. Stock characters are archetypal characters distinguished by their flatness. As a result, they tend to be easy targets for parody and to be criticized as clichés.67
4763812512Structure:The most common elements of the narrative structure are setting, plot, and theme.68
4763812957SuspenseThe condition of being suspended; cessation for a time. the pleasurable emotion of anticipation and excitement regarding the outcome or climax of a book, film etc. The unpleasant emotion of anxiety or apprehension in an uncertain situation. Ex: Horror movies69
4763813320Symbolsignify ideas and qualities by giving them symbolic meanings that are different from their literal sense. Symbolism can take different forms. Generally, it is an object representing another to give it an entirely different meaning that is much deeper and more significant. Ex: In a Christmas carol the ghost of Marley had chains on him to represent his past life70
4763813608Synecdocheis a literary device in which a part of something represents the whole or it may use a whole to represent a part. Synecdoche may also use larger groups to refer to smaller groups or vice versa.71
4763814080Synesthesiasynesthesia refers to a technique adopted by writers to present ideas, characters or places in such a manner that they appeal to more than one senses like hearing, seeing, smell etc. at a given time. Ex: the humid damp smell filled the room as the rain hit the hot pavement72
4763814310ThemeTheme is defined as a main idea or an underlying meaning of a literary work that may be stated directly or indirectly.73
4763814508Third Person Point Of ViewThird person P.O.V: uses pronouns like he, she, it, or they. It differs from the first person, which uses pronouns such as I and me, and from the second person, which uses pronouns such as you and yours. Ex: She took the money off the table74
4763816038Third Person Limited Point Of viewThe narrator only knows the thoughts and feelings of one character. All characters are described using pronouns, such as 'they', 'he', and 'she'. But, one character is closely followed throughout the story, and it is typically a main character75
4763816039Tone, in written composition, is an attitude of a writer toward a subject or an audience. Tone is generally conveyed through the choice of words or the viewpoint of a writer on a particular subject.76
4763816236UnderstatementA figure of speech in which a writer or speaker deliberately makes a situation seem less important or serious than it is. A statement which lessens or minimizes the importance of what is meant. Restraint or lack of emphasis in expression, as for rhetorical effect. Ex: A man gets stabbed and refers to it as just a scratch77
4763816469Verbal Ironyirony in which a person says or writes one thing and means another, or uses words to convey a meaning that is the opposite of the literal meaning. Examples from the Web for verbal irony Expand.78
4766957745Villanelle79

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