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AP Literature: Mythological Allusions Flashcards

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5555850473Achilles' heelone spot that is most vulnerable; one weakness a person may have.0
5555850474Adonishandsome young man; Aphrodite loved him1
5555850475Aeoliananything pertaining to win; god who was Keeper of Wind2
5555850476Apolloa physically perfect male; the God of music and light; known for his beauty3
5555850477Argus-eyedomniscient, all-seeing; the 100-eyed monster that Hera had guarding Io4
5555850478Athena/Minervagoddess of wisdom, the city, and arts; patron goddess of the city of Athens5
5555850480Auroraearly mornings or sunrise; from the Roman personification of Dawn or Eos6
5555850481Bacchusn. wild, drunken party or rowdy celebration; the god of wine7
5555850482Bacchanalianadj. pertaining to a wild, drunken party or celebration from god of wine, Bacchus (Roman), Dionysus (Greek)8
5555850485Centaura monster that has a head, arms, and chest of man, but the body/legs of a hourse9
5555850486Chimeraa horrible creature of the imagination, an absurd or impossible idea; wild fancy; a monster with a lion's head, a goat's body, and a serpent's tail, supposed to breath out fire10
5555850487Cupidityeager "desire" to possess something; greed or avarice; Roman god of love (Greek = Eros)11
5555850488Eroshaving to do with sexual passion or love; Greek god of love12
5555850489Furorwild enthusiasm or excitement, rage; fury13
5555850490Gorgona very ugly/terrible person, especially a repulsive woman; one or three sisters have snakes for hair and faces so horrible that anyone who looked at them would turn into stone14
5555850491Halcyonclam, peaceful, tranquil--Archaic bird supposed to breed in a nest on the sea and calm water; identified with the kingfisher15
5555850492Harpya predatory person or nagging woman;, a foul creature that was part woman and part bird16
5555850493Hectorto bully; the son of Priam (king of Troy) and the braves Trojan warrior. Killed Achilles' friend Patroclus.17
5555850494Helen (of Troy)symbol of a beautiful woman; the daughter of Leda and Zeus--the cause of the Trojan war18
5555850495Herculeanvery strong or extraordinary power; Hera's glory, the son of Zeus. He performed the 12 labors imposed by Hera.19
5555850496Hydra-Headedhaving many centers of branches, hard to bring under control; something bad that you cannot eradicate; the nine-headed serpent that was sacred to Hera. Hercules killed him in one of the 12 labors.20
5555850497Irisa play of colors producing a rainbow effect; the goddess of the rainbow21
5555850498Jovialgood humored; used to express surprise or agreement (Jupiter)22
5555850499Junomarked by stately beauty; the wife of Jupiter, the Goddess of light, birth, women, and marriage23
5555850500Lethen. abnormal drowsiness or inertia; a river in Hades that caused drinkers to forget their past24
5555850501Martial/Marssuited for war or a warrior; the Roman God of War25
5555850502Medeasorceress or enchantress; helped Jason and the Argonatus capture the Golden Fleece; known for her revenge against Jason when he spurned her for the princess of Corinth26
5555850504Mercurial/Mercurysuddenly, cranky, or changeable27
5555850505Mercury/Hermesa carrier or tidings, a newsboy, a messenger; messenger of the gods, conductor of souls to the lower world, and god of eloquence; the fabled inventor, wore winged hat and sandals28
5555850507Morphine/Morpheusa bitter white, crystalline alkaloid used to relieve pain and induce sleep; a god that could easily change form or shape29
5555850508Musesome creature of inspiration; the daughters of Mnemosyne and Zeus, divine singers that presided over thought in all of its form30
5555850509Narcissismin love with one's own image; name for Narcissus, a handsome young man who despised love. Echo, a nymph, who was in love with him, was rejected and decreed, "Let he who loves not others, love himself." Hearing this, he fell in love with himself and while gazing a image of himself in the pond, fell and drowned as he tried to recapture it.31
5555850510Nemesisjust punishment, one who inflicts due punishment; goddess who punished crime; she is the power charged with curbing all excess, such as excessive good fortune or arrogant pride.32
5555850511Neptune/Poseidonthe sea personified; god of water and oceans33
5555850512Niobemournful woman; whose children were slain by Apollo and Artemis because of her bragging; the gods pitied her and turned her into a rock that was always wet from weeping34
5555850513Odysseya long journey, the character in "The Odyssey" by Homer; Odysseus makes his long journey back from the Trojan War, encountering several long obstacles along the way35
5555850514Olympianmajestic in manner, superior to mundane affairs; any participant in the ancient or modern Olympic games; named after 12 gods that were supposed to reside on Mt. Olympus36
5555850515Paeana song of joy; a ritual epithet of Apollo the healer; In Homeric poems, an independent god of healing named who took care of Hades when the latter was wounded37
5555850516Pandora's Boxsomething that opens the door for bad occurrences, opened by someone known for curiosity; the first mortal, sent by Zeus, to punish man from Prometheus' theft of fire. For her curiosity on opening the box, Zeus gave her all human ills in the world, leaving only hope at the bottom38
5555850517ParnassusMountain was sacred to arts and literature; any center of poetic or artistic activity; poetry or poets collectively, a common title for selection of poetry; the son of Poseidon and a Nymph. He founded the oracle of Python, which was later occupied by Apollo39
5555850518PegasusPoetic inspiration; named after a winged horse which sprang from the blood of Medusa at her death; a stamp of his hoof caused Hippocrene, the fountain of Muses to issue poetic inspiration from Mount Helicone40
5555850519Phoenixsymbol of immortality or rebirth; a long bird which lived in the Arabian desert and then consumed itself in fire, rising renewed from the flame to start another life41
5555850520Pluto/Plutocracya government by the wealthy; the "Rich Man," who was originally the god of the fields b/c the ground was the source of all wealth/ores/jewels42
5555850521Prometheuslife-bringing, creative, or courageously original; named after the Titan who brought man the use of fire which he had stolen from heaven for their benefit43
5555850522Proteusversatile, taking many forms; a god of the sea, charged with tending the flocks of the sea creatures belonging to Poseidon. He had the ability to change himself into whatever he desired, using the power particularly when he wanted to elude certain questions.44
5555850523Psychethe human soul, self, the mind; a man who, after undergoing many hardships due to Aphrodite's jealousy, reunited with Cupid and was made immortal by Jupiter; she personifies the soul joined to the heart of love45
5555850524Pygmalionsomeone (male) who tries to fashion someone into the person he desires; from a myth adapted into a play by George Bernard Shaw; a woman-hating sculptor who makes a female figure of ivory who Aphrodite brings into life46
5555850525Pyrrhic victoryadj. too costly victory; from a Greek king who defeated the Romans but suffered extremely heavy losses in fight47
5555850526Saturnaliaa period of unrestrained revelry' named after the ancient Roman festival of Saturn, with general feasting in revelry in honor of the winter solstice48
5555850527Sibyla witch or sorceress; a priestess who made known the oracles of Apollo and possessed the gift of prophecy49
5555850528Sisypheangreedy and avaricious; from the shrewd and greedy king of Corinth, Sisyphus who was doomed forever in Hades to roll uphill a heavy stone, which rolled back down again50
5555850530Styxdark and gloomy; a river in the Underworld. The water is poisonous for human and cattle and said to break iron, metal, and pottery though it is said a horse's hoof is unharmed by it51
5555850531Tantaluswho reigned on Mt. Sipylus and was condemned to reside in a beautiful river with sumptuous fruits just out of reach and the water undrinkable, always tempting him as punishment for excessive pride (he boiled his son and fed the broth to trick the gods)52
5555850533Titanic/Tityuslarge, grand, enormous; a giant, the son of Zeus and Elara. His body covers over 2 acres. Or after the titans, the offspring of Chronus and Rhea, who went to war against Zeus and the other Olympian gods53
5555850535Vulcanizeto treat rubber with sulfur to increase strength and elasticity; from Roman God of Fore and Metallurgy, Vulcan/Hephaestus54
5555850536Zeusa powerful man; king of the gods, ruler of Mt. Olympus, vengeful hurler of thunderbolts55
5556032097Zephyrthe god of the west wind, one of the four seasonal Anemoi (Wind-Gods). He was also the god of spring. Zephyros was a rival of the god Apollon for the love of Hyakinthos (Hyacinthus). One day he spied the pair playing a game of quoits in a meadow, and in a jealous rage, blew the disc off-course with a gust of wind, causing it to strike the boy in the head killing him instantly. Apollon, stricken with grief, transformed the dying youth into a larkspur flower.56

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